2022

AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

BOARD EXAM REVIEWER

WATER PUMPING
EQUIPMENT
by

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio, MS

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer
ASEAN Engineer

Volume 3 – Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

Introduction

n A pump is a device used to lift or transfer water from one

source to the other.
n It uses either reciprocating or rotational motion to move water
from a source to delivery point like tanks, reservoir, or directly
to the field.
n Sources of power maybe manual, animal, electricity, or
mechanical using fossil (gasoline, diesel, etc.) or any form of
renewable energy available.
Applications

n Supplying water for domestic and group of households.

n Supplying water for animal farms.
n Supplying water for conveyance canal by gravity irrigation.
n Providing pressure for sprinkler and drip irrigation.
n Providing pressure in applying chemicals into irrigation system.
Power Drive for Water Pumps

n Electric motor
n Gasoline engine
n Diesel engine
n Human
n Animal
n Solar
n Wind
General Classifications of Pump

n Rotary – It uses gears, vanes, lobe, or screw to trap and

convey fluid from the inlet to the outlet of the pump.
n Reciprocating – It uses a back-and-forth motion of
mechanical parts, such as piston or diaphragms, to
pressurize the fluid.
n Centrifugal – It uses a centrifugal force imparted to the
fluid by one or more rotating elements, called impellers,
to increase the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the
fluid.
Types of Pump Commonly Used for
Pumping Irrigation Water

n Centrifugal Pump – A type of pump with impellers rotating inside

a closed casing which draws water into the pump through a
central inlet opening and forces water out through a discharge
outlet at the periphery of the housing by means of centrifugal
force.

¾Diffuser Pump – A type of centrifugal pump wherein the impeller

is surrounded by diffuser vanes. The diffuser vanes have small
openings near the impeller and enlarges gradually to their outer
diameter where the water flows into the chamber and around to
the pump discharge. This is sometimes called a turbine pump.
¾ Volute Pump – A type of centrifugal pump with a casing made in
the form of a spiral or volute curve. The casing is proportioned
to reduce gradually the velocity of water as it flows from the
impeller to the discharge, thus discharging velocity heat to the
pressure head.
Types of Impeller for Centrifugal Pumps

(1) Open – It pumps water with considerable amount of small

solids.
(2) Semi-Open or Semi-Enclosed – It pumps water having some
amount of suspended sediments.
(3) Enclosed – It is designed to pump clear water.
Types of Suction Inlet for Centrifugal Pumps

(1) Single-Action – The impeller has suction cavity on one side

only.
(2) Double Action – The impeller has suction cavity on both sides.
Axis of Rotation of Centrifugal Pumps

(1) Horizontal – It has a vertical impeller mounted on a horizontal

shaft
(2) Vertical – It has a horizontal impeller mounted on a vertical
shaft.
Methods of Priming Centrifugal Pumps

(1) Non-Self-Priming – A centrifugal pump that needs to be manually

primed. The system has to be filled initially by pouring water into
the pipes from a bucket and thereafter the foot valve will keep water
in the system even after the pump is not used for some time.
(2) Self-Priming – A centrifugal pump that develops a vacuum
sufficiently enough for atmospheric pressure to force the liquid to
flow through the suction pipe into the pump casing without priming
the pump.
Axial-Flow Pump

n Axial-flow pump - A type of pump that develops most of the

suction and discharge heads by propelling or lifting action of
impeller vanes on the water.
Mixed-Flow Pump
n Mixed-flow pump - A type of pump which combines some of
the features of both centrifugal and the axial- flow pump and in
which head is developed partly by the centrifugal force and
partly by the loft of the vanes on the water.
Lift Pump

n Lift pump – A type of pump that moves water by the upward

and downward motions of the plunger. This type of pump
can be used for lifting water on a deep well. It is commonly
driven manually or by the use of a wind pump.
Pumps Terms
Capacity – It is the amount of discharge of a pump at maximum
efficiency.

Discharge – It is the volume of water pumped per unit time.

Cavitation – It is the formation of cavities filled with water vapor due

to local pressure drop and collapse as soon as the vapor bubbles
reach regions of high pressure.

Priming – It is the filling up of the pump with water to displace or

evacuate the entrapped air through a vent and create a liquid seal
inside the casing.
Human and Animal Daily Water
Requirement
Type Water Requirement

gpd m3/day
Each household (min) 50 - 250 0.189 - 0.945
Each horse 12 0.045
Each cow producing milk 40 0.151
Each dry cow or steer 12 0.045
Each hog 4 0.015
Each sheep 2 0.008
Each 100 chickens 6 0.023
Each 100 turkeys 18 0.068
Crop Water Requirement

Various Crops (mm/day)

Corn 6.15
Cabbage 3.75
Eggplant 4.76
Mungbean 5.33
Pechay 6.00
Soybean 5.23
Tomato 4.35
Water Melon 4.87
n Head – It is the amount of energy required to lift and move the
water from any arbitrary datum.
(1) Friction Head - It is the equivalent head required to overcome
the friction caused by the flow through the pipe and pipe fittings.

(2) Static-Suction Head – It is the vertical distance from the free

suction water level to the center line of the pump.

(3) Static-Discharge Head – It is the vertical distance from the

centerline of the pump to the discharge water level.
Head

Ht = Hs + Hd + Hf

where:
Ht - total head, m
Hs - suction head, m
Hd - discharge head, m
Hf - friction head, m
Water Horsepower

n It is the theoretical power required by the pump in pumping

water.

WHP = Q H / 273

where:
WHP - water horsepower, hp
Q - discharge, m3/hr
H - vertical lift, m
Brake Horsepower

n It is the power required to drive the pump shaft

BHP = WHP / ξp

where:
BHP - brake horsepower, hp
WHP - water horsepower, hp
ξp - pump efficiency, %
Pump Efficiency
n It is the ratio of the power output to the power input of the
pump.

ξp = WHP x 100 / BHP

where:
ξp - pump efficiency, %
WHP - water horsepower, hp
BHP - brake horsepower, hp
Overall System Efficiency of Water
Pump

Pump Type Overall System

Efficiency
New electric motor and water pump 95
Reconditioned pump and motor units 60
New Engine and water pump 85
Surplus Engine and reconditioned pump 65
Pump Performance Curve

n It is a curve which represents the interrelationship between

capacity, head, power, NPSH, and efficiency of the pump.
Factors to Consider in the Selection
of Pump
n Head-Capacity of the Well
n Initial Cost
n Space requirement
n Type of power unit and pump characteristics
n Storage Capacity, rate of replenishment, and well diameter
n Other possible uses of pump
Factors to Consider in the Selection of
Power Units for Pumps
n Amount of power required
n Initial cost
n Availability and cost of energy fuel
n Duration and frequency of pumping
n Maintenance and convenience of operation
n Durability and dependability of unit
n Labor availability and quality
Pump Laws

Q1 / Q2 = N1 / N2

H1 / H2 = N1 2 / N2 2

BHP1 / BHP2 = N13 / N23

where:
Q - discharge
N - rpm
H - head
BHP - brake horsepower
Geometrically Similar Pumps

Q2 / Q1 = (D2 / D1)3
H2 / H1 = (D2 / D1)2

BHP2 / BHP1 = (D2 / D1)5

where:
Q - discharge
D - impeller diameter
H - head
BHP - brake horsepower
A centrifugal pump that is used in pumping water to a tank operates at
a rate of 1gpm. The pump is driven directly by an electric motor with
an input power of 1.5hp running at a speed of 1700 rpm. The total
head loss of the system is 10m. If the motor drives the pump at 2200
rpm, what is the rate of flow of the pump? What is the change in the
total head delivered by the pump? What would be the increase in the
input power of the pump?

Given:
Q1 - 1 gpm
Hp1 - 1.5 hp
N1 - 1700 rpm
H1 - 10 m
N2 - 2200 rpm
Required:
Q2, Hp2, and H2
Solution:
N1/N2 = Q1/Q2
Q2 = N2Q1/N1
= 2200 rpm ( 1gpm)/1700 rpm
= 1.294 gpm
N12/N22 = H1/H2
H2 = H1 (N22) / N12
= 10 m (2200 rpm)2 / (1700 rpm)2
= 16.75 m
N13/N23 = Hp1/Hp2
Hp2 = Hp1 (N23) / N13
= 1.5hp (2200 rpm)3 / (1700 rpm)3
= 3.25hp
Design a water pump system required to supply water to 10,000 heads
of broiler in a poultry farm. The source of water is 20ft below the
ground and required to elevate to 30ft high on a water tank. The
specific water requirement of broiler is 0.025 m3/day-head. Assume a
20% friction head load from the suction and discharge head loss.
Pump operating time is 20 hrs per day

Given:
No. of broilers - 10,000 heads
Hs - 20 ft
Hd - 30 ft
SWR - 0.025 m3/day-chicken
Friction Head - 20% of the Hs & Hd
Operating time - 20 hr per day
Required: Pump flow rate, total head,
water hp, brake hp, and motor hp
Solution:
(a)Pump flow rate = 0.025 m3/day-head x 10,000 heads
x 1 day/20 hrs
= 12.5 m3/hr
(b) Total head = (20 ft + 30 ft)(1.2)
= 48.8 ft / (3.28 ft/m)
= 14.8 m
(c ) Water Hp = 12.5 m3/hr (14.8 m) / 273
= 0.68 hp
(d) Brake hp = 0.68 hp / 0.60
= 1.13 hp
(e) Motor Hp = 1.13 hp/ (0.95 x 0.8)
= 1.48 hp or use 2 hp electric motor
Design a water pump system required to supply water to a 5-hectare
rice farm. The source of water is from a river 10 feet below, and
discharges water 2ft above the ground surface. Consider 25% friction
head from the suction and discharge head of the piping system.
Assume a crop requirement for rice of 10 mm/day and losses due to
percolation and seepage of 2 mm/day. Conveyance losses is %10 of
the irrigation requirement. Assume pump efficiency of 60% and
transmission and engine efficiency of 80% and 80%, respectively.
Operating time per day is 8 hrs.

Given: Area of the farm - 5 hectare rice farm

Hs - 10 ft
Hd - 2 ft
Hf - 25% of Hs & Hd
Crop Requirement - 10 mm/day
Seepage & percolation - 2 mm/day
Conveyance losses - 10% of IR
Required: Pump capacity, total head loss, water hp, brake hp, motor hp
Solution:
(a) Irrigation requirement = (10 mm/day + 2 mm/day) x 50,000 m2
/ (1000 mm/m)
= 600 m3/day
(b) Diversion requirement = (600 m3/day ) 1.1
= 660 m3/day
(c) Pump discharge rqt = (660 m3/day)(day/8 hrs)
= 82.5 m3/hr
(d) Total head = (10 ft + 2 ft)(1.25)/93.28 ft/m)
= 4.5 m
(e) Water hp = 82.5 m3/hr x 4.5 m / 273
= 1.36 hp
(f) Brake hp = 1.36 / 0.6
= 2.26 hp
(e) Engine hp = 2.26 hp
= 2.26 hp / 0.8 /0.8
= 3.5 hp use 5 hp engine
A lift pump having a diameter of 4 inches and a stroke of 6 inches is used to
lift water from a 20ft well and deliver it to a cylindrical tank at a height of 12
ft. If the volumetric efficiency of the pump at 10 lifting strokes per minute is
90%, what is the pump capacity? Also compute for the power required to
operate the pump manually if its mechanical efficiency is 80%? Moreover, How
long does the pump is required to fully fill the 600 liter tank if its operating
efficiency is 70%?

Given:
Pump diameter - 4 inches
Pump stroke - 6 inches
Lifting height - 20 ft
Delivery height - 12 ft
Pump speed - 10 lifting stroke per minute
Volumetric efficiency - 90%
Mechanical efficiency - 80%
Operating efficiency - 70%

Required: pump capacity, power to lift, and time to fill the tank -
Solution:

Pump Capacity = (π/4) (4 in)2 x 6 in. x 0.90 x 10stroke/min

= 68.75 in3/min x (2.54 cm/in)3
= 11 26.6 cm3 / min x li/1000 cc
= 1.126 li/min

Power to Lift = (1.126 lpm x m3/1000 l x 60 m/hr) (32 ft x m/3.28 ft )

/ 273 x 0.80
= 0.003 hp

Time to Fill Tank = 600 li / (1.126 li/min x 0.70)

= 12.68 hrs
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS
1. A device used to lift or to transfer 4. Which of the following can be used
water from one source to another. as a power drive for water pumps?
a. Pump a. Electric motor, human and/or animal
b. Wind turbine b. Gasoline or diesel engine
c. Electric motor c. Solar and wind
d. None of the above d. All of the above

2. A pump is used to supply water 5. Type of pump commonly driven

___. manually or with the use of a windpump
a. for domestic and group of in drawing water from a deep well.
households a. Centrifugal pump
b. for farm animals b. Lift pump
c. for conveyance canal by gravity c. Diffuser pump
irrigation d. None of the above
d. All of the above
6. Type of pump that uses the back-
3. Pumps are also used to ___. and-forth motion of mechanical parts,
a. provide pressure for sprinkler and such as piston or diaphragms, to
drip irrigation pressurize the fluid.
b. provide pressure in applying a. Centrifugal
chemicals into irrigation system b. Reciprocating
c. All of the above c. Axial
d. None of the above d. None of the above
7. Type of pump that uses the head is developed partly by the
centrifugal force imparted to the centrifugal force and partly by the lift
fluid by one or more rotating of the vanes in the water.
elements called impellers to a. Self-priming pump
increase the kinetic energy and the b. Diffuser-type centrifugal pump
pressure energy of the fluid. c. Mixed-flow pump
a. Centrifugal d. None of the above
b. Reciprocating
c. Axial 10. Type of pump that uses gears,
d. None of the above vanes, lobe or screw to trap and to
convey the fluid from the inlet to the
8. Type of pump that develops most outlet of the pump.
of the suction and of the discharge
head by propelling or by the lifting a. Centrifugal
action of the impeller vanes in the b. Reciprocating
water. c. Rotary
a. Centrifugal d. None of the above
b. Mixed-flow
c. Axial-flow 11. Type of pump commonly used
d. None of the above for pumping irrigation water.
a. Centrifugal pump
9. Type of pump characterized by b. Diffuser pump
the combination of features of c. Volute pump
centrifugal and axial pumps in which d. All of the above
12. Type of pump with impellers is 12 meters below the ground
rotating inside a closed casing surface, what would you
which draws water into the pump recommend?
through a central inlet opening and a. Install the pump on ground
forces water out through a surface.
discharge outlet at the periphery of b. Install the pump down below the
the housing by centrifugal force. water surface.
a. Diffuser pump c. Replace the lift pump with gear
b. Centrifugal pump pump.
c. Volute pump d. None of the above
d. None of the above
15. Type of centrifugal pump in
13. Type of pump that moves water which its impeller is surrounded by
by the upward and downward a set of vanes.
motions of the plunger. a. Diffuser pump
a. Axial-flow pump b. Centrifugal pump
b. Mixed-flow pump c. Volute pump
c. Lift pump d. None of the above
d. None of the above
16. This type of pump is
14. A lift pump is to be installed to sometimes called a turbine pump.
provide water for a village using a a. Diffuser pump
4-in casing. If the source of water b. Volute pump
c. Self-priming pump
d. None of the above
17. The diffuser vanes have ___ velocity heat to the pressure head.
near the impeller and are gradually a. velocity of water
enlarged toward their outer diameter b. pressure of water
where the water flows into the c. volume of water
chamber and around the pump d. None of the above
discharge.
a. big openings 20. Type of impeller for centrifugal
b. medium-size openings pumps.
c. small openings a. Open
d. None of the above b. Semi-open or Semi-enclosed
c. Enclosed
18. Type of a centrifugal pump with d. All of the above
spiral-curve casing.
a. Diffuser pump 21. Which of the following
b. Volute pump statements is true?
c. Self-priming pump a. Open-type impeller is designed to
d. None of the above pump clear water.
b. Semi-open or semi-enclosed is
19. The casing of the volute pump is used to pump water with some
proportioned to gradually reduce the amount of suspended sediments.
___ as it flows from the impeller to c. Enclosed-type impeller is used to
the discharge, thus discharging pump water with considerable
amount of small solids.
d. All of the above