20. Magnetic Field L.D.

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June 19, 2023
20.1 Concept of a magnetic field
20.2 Force on a current-carrying
conductor

TOPICS 20.3 Force on a moving charge

20.4 Magnetic fields due to currents
20.5 Electromagnetic induction
Topic 20.5
Topic 20.1, 20.2 Science project
exercise

1st meeting 2nd meeting 3rd meeting 4th meeting 5th meeting

Topic 20.3, 20.4 experiments

20.1 Concept of a magnetic field
- Magnetic field of permanent magnet

● Magnetic lines go out of the North pole

into the South Pole
● Similar poles repel each other
● Opposite poles attract each other

(i). magnetic field lines around a bar magnet

(ii). magnetic field lines of attraction between (iii). magnetic field lines of repulsion between
opposite poles similar poles
20.1 Concept of magnetic field
- Magnetic field around current of straight wire

Magnetic field lines around

straight wire (right hand/
corkscrew rule).

● Thumb is current direction

● Fingers are direction of
magnetic field

(i). magnetic field direction (ii). right hand rule

20.1 Concept of magnetic field
- Magnetic field around current of turns wire (coil)

Magnetic field around turns of

wire/coil (right hand grip rule)

● Thumb is direction of
magnetic field (North
pole)
● Fingers are direction on
current

(i) Magnetic field direction (ii) right hand grip rule

Sketch the direction of magnetic field of these coil
(i) (iii)

(ii)
20.2 Force on a current-carrying conductor

Left Hand Fleming’s rule

Right Hand palm rule

F=magnetic force
possible direction of current (OA, OB, OC, OD)
B=magnetic field/magnetic field
density
● Largest force →B and I I= current
(OA)right angle L=length of wire experienced
● No force → B and I (OD) parallel magnetic force
or opposite direction
Current and electron flow
20.3 Force on a moving charge
- Force on a moving charge in a non uniform magnetic field

● Left hand Fleming’s rule

● Force perpendicular to direction of
motion
● Electron beam trajectory bending and
form a semicircular path because of
force produced by magnetic field
20.3 Force on a moving charge
- Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic field
● Left hand Fleming’s rule
● Force perpendicular to direction of motion
● Electron beam trajectory bends and forms a
circular path because of the magnetic force
produced by uniform magnetic field.
● Magnetic force produced by the uniform
magnetic field equal to centripetal force
(circular motion) experienced by charges.

→ → (radius of electron circular path)

(charge to mass ratio of electron)

20.3 Force on a moving charge
- Hall Effect
● a conductor/semiconductor placed normal to a
uniform magnetic field.
● charge flow direction normal to magnetic field-B,
● using Fleming’s left hand rule, determines direction
of magnetic force
● electrons will be attracted to the magnetic force
direction causing a charge build up and an electric
field set up across it (pointed to negatif charge).
● The build up charges sets up a potential difference
known as Hall voltage
● as more and more charges accumulate. Hall voltage
increases, this causes the electric field strength to
increase
● charge build up stops when electric force acting on
charge equal to magnetic force.
(i) charge trajectory (ii) charge trajectory after
before electric force set electric force set up (electric field) ● n = number of charge)
up ● t = thickness of
conductor/semiconductor
(voltage Hall)
20.3 Force on a moving charge
- Measure Magnetic density flux using Hall Probe

How to measure :

● calibrate using known B, see the

reading in voltmeter
● rotate Hall probe until VH max
● secure the angle of Hall probe
● Measure VH in voltmeter
● Convert VH by calibrated B
20.3 Force on a moving charge
- Velocity selection

Velocity selection is a method of balancing the effect of

electric and magnetic field to produce a beam of
charged particles moving with the same velocity (use in
mass spectrometers).

A beam charge of particles entering an area of

magnetic field experiences a magnetic force and forms
a circular path. p.d set up to produce an electric force
opposite the direction of the magnetic field.
Don’t be stress 😉
Exercise

page 431: no. 1-9