Basic Level DPP - Differential Equations JEE Advanced Crash Course

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Q1 (3) - Order, Degree and Formation of DE

We have,
2
dy d y
3
√ − 4 − 7x = 0
dx 2
dx
2
dy d y
3
⇒ √ = 4 + 7x
2
dx dx

2 3
dy d y
= (4 2
+ 7x)
dx dx

Hence, order a = 2 and degree b = 3

∴ a + b = 2 + 3 = 5

Q2 (3) - Order, Degree and Formation of DE

We have, y = (c 1 + c2 ) cos(x + c3 ) − c4 e
x+c5

c5 x
y = (c1 + c2 ) cos(x + c3 ) − (c4 e ⋅ e )

x
∵ c1 + c2 = A
y = A cos(x + c3 ) − Be [ ]
c5
 and c4 e = B

The above equation have three arbitrary constants A, B and c . 3

Hence, the order of differential equation is 3.

Q3 (2) - Order, Degree and Formation of DE

We have, y = a + bx + ce
−x

dy
−x
∴ = b − ce
dx
2
d y
−x
⇒ 2
= ce
dx
3
d y
−x
⇒ 3
= −ce
dx
3 2
d y d y
Now, 3
+ 2
= 0
dx dx

′′′ ′′
⇒ y + y = 0

Q4 (3) - Order, Degree and Formation of DE

The equation of family of circle with the fixed radius 5 units and centre on the line y = 2, is
2 2
(x − a) + (y − 2) = 25

On differentiating Eq.(i) w.r.t. x, we get

′
2(x − a) + 2(y − 2)y = 0
′
⇒ (x − a) = −(y − 2)y

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On putting the value of (x − a) in Eq. (i), we get

2 ′2 2
(y − 2) y + (y − 2) = 25

2 ′2 2
⇒ (y − 2) y = 25 − (y − 2)

Q5 (4) - Variable Separable Form and Reducible to Variable Separable Form

2
dy 1+y
Given, xy dx
=
1+x
2
(1 + x + x )
2

2
y 1+x+x
⇒ 2
dy = 2
1+y x(1+x )

y 1 1
⇒ dy = ( + ) dx
2 x 1+x
2
1+y

On integrating both sides, we get

y 1 1
∫ dy = ∫ ( + ) dx
2 x 1+x
2
1+y

1 2 −1
⇒ log(1 + y ) = log x + tan x + C
2

2 −1
⇒ log √1 + y − log x = tan x + C

2
√1+y
−1
⇒ log = tan x + C
x

2
√1+y −1
tan x
⇒ = Ce
x

−1
tan x
⇒ √1 + y 2 = Cxe

Q6 (2) - Variable Separable Form and Reducible to Variable Separable Form

We have,
−1 dy
sin ( ) = x + y
dx

dy
⇒ = sin(x + y)
dx

dy
Put x + y = v ⇒ 1 + dx
=
dv

dx

dv
∴ − 1 = sin v
dx

dv
⇒ = dx
1+sin v

On integrating both sides, we get

1 − sin v
∫ dv = ∫ dx
cos2 v

2
⇒ ∫ (sec v− sec v tan v)dv = ∫ dx

⇒ tan v − sec v = x + C

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⇒ tan(x + y) − sec(x + y) = x + C

⇒ x = tan(x + y) − sec(x + y) + C

Q7 (1) - Variable Separable Form and Reducible to Variable Separable Form

Given, y log y + xy ′
= 0

dy
⇒ ylog y + x dx
= 0

On integrating both sides, we get

dy dx
∫ = −∫
y log y x

⇒ log(log y) = − log x + C

⇒ log log y + log x = C

⇒ x(log y) = C

 It is given that, y(1) = e

∴1 ⋅ log e = C ⇒ C = 1

Hence, x(log y) = 1

Q8 (1) - Variable Separable Form and Reducible to Variable Separable Form

2+sin x dy
We have, y+1
⋅
dx
= − cos x

dy cos x
⇒ ∫ = −∫ dx
y+1 2+sin x

⇒ log(y + 1) = − log(2 + sin x) + log C

⇒ log(y + 1) + log(2 + sin x) = log C

⇒ (y + 1)(2 + sin x) = C

It is given that, y(0) = 1

Put x = 0 and y = 1, then

2(2 + sin 0) = C ⇒ C = 4

So, the equation is

(y + 1)(2 + sin x) = 4

Now, put x = π/2

π
∴ (y + 1) (2 + sin ) = 4
2

1
⇒ (y + 1)(3) = 4 ⇒ y =
3

Q9 (3) - Variable Separable Form and Reducible to Variable Separable Form

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Given, dP

dx
= 100 − 12√x

⇒ dP = (100 − 12√x)dx

On integrating both sides, we get

∫ dP = ∫ (100 − 12√x)dx

3/2
⇒ P = 100x − 8(x) + C

 When x = 0, P = 2000,  then 

C = 2000

Now, when x = 25, then

3/2
P = 100(25) − 8(25) + 2000

= 2500 − 8(125) + 2000 = 3500

Q10 (4) - Variable Separable Form and Reducible to Variable Separable Form
′
f (x)
We have, f ′
(x) < 2f (x) ⇒
f (x)
< 2

On integrating both sides, we get

On integrating both sides, we get

log f (x) < 2x + C

2x+c
⇒ f (x) < e

2x−1 1
⇒ f (x) < e [∵ f ( ) = 1]
2

Hence, f (x) > 0

2x−1
∴0 < f (x) < e

1 1 2x−1
0 < ∫ f (x)dx < ∫ e dx
1/2 1/2

2x−1 1
1 e
⇒ 0 < ∫ f (x)dx < [ ]
1/2 2
1/2

1 e−1
0 < ∫ f (x)dx <
1/2 2

Q11 (3) - Homogeneous Form and Reducible to Homogeneous Form

dy
Given, x
dx
= y(log y − log x + 1)

dy y y
⇒ = (log + 1)
dx x x

dy
Put y = vx ⇒
dx
= v + x
dv

dx

dv dv
∴ v + x = v(log v + 1) ⇒ x = v log v
dx dx

dv dx dv dx
⇒ = ⇒ ∫ = ∫
v log v x v log v x

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⇒ log(log v) = log x + log C

⇒ log v = Cx

y
⇒ log( ) = Cx [∵ v = y/x]
x

Q12 (1) - Homogeneous Form and Reducible to Homogeneous Form

y y
Slope of the curve at point P (x, y) is x
+ sec(
x
) .
dy y y
∴ = + sec( )
dx x x

dv dy dv
⇒ v + x = v + sec v [∵ y = vx ⇒ = v + x ]
dx dx dx

dv
x = sec v
dx

On integrating both sides, we get

dv dx dx
⇒ ∫ = ∫ ⇒ ∫ cos vdv = ∫
sec v x x

⇒ sin v = log x + C

⇒ sin y/x = log x + C

When x = 1, y = π/6, then C =

1

∴ Equation of the curve is

y 1
sin( ) = log x +
x 2

Q13 (1) - Homogeneous Form and Reducible to Homogeneous Form

Given, (3xy + y 2
) dx + (x
2
+ xy) dy = 0

2
dy (3xy+y )
⇒ = −
dx 2
x +xy
2
(3v+v ) dy
dv dv
⇒ v + x = − [∵ y = vx ⇒ = v + x ]
dx 1+v dx dx

2
dv −3v−v
⇒ x = − v
dx 1+v

2 2
dv −3v−v −v−v
⇒ x =
dx 1+v

2
dv −4v−2v
⇒ x =
dx 1+v

1+v 2dx
⇒ 2
dv = −
2v+v x

On integrating both sides, we get

1+v dx
∫ dv = −2 ∫
v(2+v) x

v+1 dx
⇒ ∫ 2
dv = −2 ∫
v +2v x

1 2
⇒ log(v + 2v) = −2 log x + log C
2

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2
1 y 2y
⇒ log( + ) + 2 log x = log C
2
2 x
x

2
(y +2xy)
4
⇒ log[ 2
× x ] = 2 log C
x

2 2
⇒ x (y + 2xy) = C

Q14 (1) - Homogeneous Form and Reducible to Homogeneous Form

We have,
x 2 2 x
xy ⋅ log( )dx + {y − x log( )} dy = 0
y y

2 2
−{y −x log(x/y)}
dx
⇒ =
dy xy log(x/y)

2
(1−v log v)
dv dx dv
⇒ v + y = − [∵ x = vy ⇒ = v + y ]
dy v log v dy dy
2 2
−1+v log v−v log v
dv
⇒y =
dy v log v

dy
⇒ v log vdv = −
y

On integrating both sides, we get

dy
∫ v log vdv = ∫ −
y

d log v
⇒ log v ∫ vdv − ∫ ⋅ ∫ vdv ⋅ dv = − log y + log C
dv

2 2
v 1 v
⇒ log v − ∫ ⋅ dv = − log y + log C
2 v 2

2 2
v v
⇒ log v − = − log y + log C
2 4

2 2
⇒ 2v log v − v = 4 log C/x

2 x 2 2 C
⇒ 2x log( ) − x = 4y log( )
y x

Q15 (4) - Homogeneous Form and Reducible to Homogeneous Form

dy 2x−y+3
We have. dx
=
x+2y+4
...(i)
The given equation is non-homogeneous.
On solving 2x − y + 3 = 0 and x + 2y + 4 = 0, we get

x = −2 and y = −1

Put x = −2 + u and y = −1 + v ⇒ dx = du and dy = dv

dy dv
⇒ =
dx du

Eq. (i) reduces to

2(−2+u)−(−1+v)+3
dv
=
dx (−2+u)+2(−1+v)+4

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dv 2u−v
⇒ =
du u+2v

dt 2−t dv dt
⇒ t + u = [∵ v = ut ⇒ = t + u ]
du 1+2t du du

2
dt 2−t−t−2t
⇒ u =
du 1+2t

On integrating both sides, we get

1+2t du 2t+1 du
dt = −2 ⇒ ∫ dt = −2 ∫
2
t +t+1 u 2
t +t−1 u

2 C 2 C
⇒ log(t + t − 1) = log 2
⇒ t + t − 1 = 2
u u
2
v v C v
⇒ + − 1 = [∵ t = ]
u
2 u u
2 u

2 2
⇒ v + uv − u = C

2 2
⇒ (y + 1) + (x + 2)(y + 1) − (x + 2) = C

2 2
⇒ y + 2y + 1 + xy + x + 2y + 2 − x − 4x − 4 = C

2 2
⇒ y − x + xy + 4y − 3x − 1 = C

Q16 (3) - Homogeneous Form and Reducible to Homogeneous Form

Given, (2x 2
+ 3y
2
− 7) x ⋅ dx − (3x
2
+ 2y
2
− 8) y ⋅ dy = 0

2 2
dy (2x +3y −7)x
⇒ = 2 2
dx (3x +2y −8)y

On solving 2x 2
+ 3y
2
− 7 = 0 and 3x 2
+ 2y
2
− 8 = 0 , we get
2 2
x = 2 and y = 1

Now, put x 2
= u + 2 and y 2
= v + 1

⇒2xdx = du and 2ydy = dv

ydy dv
⇒ =
xdx du

2u+3v
Eq. (i) reduces to dv

du
=
3u+2v

dt 2 + 3t dv dt
⇒ t + u = [∵ v = tu ⇒ = t + u ]
du 3 + 2t du du
2
dt 2 + 3t − 3t − 2t
⇒ u =
du 3 + 2t
3+2t 2du
2
dt =
1−t v

On integrating both sides, we get

5/2 1/2
du
∫ ( + ) dt = 2 ∫
1−t 1+t u

5 1
⇒ − log |1 − t| + log |1 + t| = 2 log u + log C
2 2

1 1+t
2
⇒ log 5
= log u C
2 (1−t)

1+t
4
⇒ log 5
= log u C
(1−t)

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1+t
4
⇒ 5
= u C
(1−t)

u+v v
⇒ = C [∵ t = ]
(u−v)
5 u

5
⇒ u + v = C(u − v)

5
2 2 2 2
⇒ x + y − 3 = C(x − y − 1)

2 2
⇒ [∵ u = x − 2, v = y − 1]

Q17 (1) - Homogeneous Form and Reducible to Homogeneous Form

We have,
dy cos x(3 cos y−7 sin x−3)
+ = 0
dx sin y(3 sin x−7 cos y+7)

dy − cos x(3 cos y−7 sin x−3)

⇒ =
dx sin y(3 sin x−7 cos y+7)

On solving 3 cos y − 7 sin x − 3 = 0 and

3 sin x − 7 cos y + 7 = 0 , we get
sin x = 0, cos y = 1

Now, put sin x = u and cos y = v + 1

⇒ cos xdx = du and − sin ydy = dv
dy − cos x dv
⇒ =
dx sin y du

3v−7u
Eq. (i) reduces to dv

du
=
3u−7v

dt 3t−7 dv dt
⇒ t + u = [∵ v = ut ⇒ = t + u ]
du 3−7t du du

2
dt 3t−7−3t+7t
⇒ u =
du 3−7t

3−7t du
⇒ dt = 7
2
t −1 u

On integrating both sides, we get

−5 2 du
∫ ( − ) dt = 7 ∫
t+1 t−1 u

⇒ −5 log |t + 1| − 2 log |t − 1| = 7 log u + C

⇒ 5 log |t + 1| + 2 log |t − 1| = −7 log u + C

5 2 7
⇒ log(t + 1) (t − 1) = log C/u

5 2 C
⇒ (t + 1) (t − 1) = 7
u
5 2
(u+v) (v−u)
C v
⇒ = [∵ t = ]
7 7 u
u u

5 2
⇒ (u + v) (v − u) = C

5 2
⇒ (sin x + cos y − 1) (cos y − sin x − 1) = C

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Q18 (4) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

dy
We have, (1 + t) dt
− ty = 1

dy t 1
⇒ − ( )y =
dt 1+t 1+t

which is a linear differential equation of the form

dy
+ P y = Q(t)
dt

where, P =
−t

1+t
and Q = 1

1+t

t+1
Now, ∫ P dt = ∫
−t

1+t
dt = − ∫
t+1
dt + ∫
1

1+t
dt

= −t + log(1 + t)

∫ Pα −t+log(1+t) −t log(1+t) −t
∴ IF = e = e = e ⋅ e = e (1 + t)

So, the general solution is

y ⋅ IF = ∫ Q ⋅ IFdt

−t 1 −t
⇒ ye (1 + t) = ∫ ⋅ e (1 + t)dt
1+t

−t −t
⇒ ye (1 + t) = −e + C

When t = 0, y = −1, then C = 0

−1
∴ y =
1+t

−1
When t = 1, then y = 2

Q19 (1) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

d(px)
It is given that, dx
= p(x) for all x ≥ 1
dp(x)
⇒ − p(x) > 0
dx

On multiplying both sides bye −x

, we get
dp(x)
−x −x
e − e p(x) > 0
dx

−x
⇒d [p(x)e ] > 0

Hence, p(x)e −x
is increasing, ∀x ∈ [1, ∞].
Now, p(1) = 0

∴ p(x) > 0 for all x > 1

Q20 (1) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

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dy
We have, x 2 1 1
cos( ) − y sin( ) = −1
dx x x

dy y − sec(1/x)
1
⇒ − tan( ) =
dx
2 x 2
x x

which is a linear differential equation.

− tan(1/x) − sec(1/x)
 where, P = 2
 and Q = 2
x x
− tan(1/x) 1
∫ dx log sec( )
Now, IF = e x2 = e
x
= sec(
1

x
)

So, the solution is

2 1
− sec ( )
1 x

y ⋅ sec = ∫ dx
x x
2

1 1
⇒ y sec = tan + C
x x

1 1
⇒ y = sin( ) + C cos( )
x x

When x → ∞ and y → −1, then C = −1

Hence, the required solution is

1 1
y = sin − cos
x x

Q21 (3) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

dy
Given, 1 + y
−1y
2 tan
+ (x − e ) = 0
dx

−1 dy
tan y 2
∴ (x − e ) = − (1 + y )
dx

−1
tan y
−(x−e )
dx
⇒ = 2
dy 1+y
−1
tan y
dx x e
⇒ + =
2 2
dy 1+y 1+y
1
∫ dy
Now,
−1
1+y 2 tan y
IF = e = e

Hence, the solution of given differential equation is

−1
−1 2 tan y
tan y e
xe = ∫ 2
dy + C
1+y

−1 1 −1
tan y 2 tan y
⇒ xe = e + C
2

−1 −1
tan y 2 tan y
⇒ 2xe = e + C

Q22 (3) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

dy
We have, (2x − 10y 3
)
dx
+ y = 0

dy −y
⇒ =
dx 3
2x−10y
3
10y −2x
dx
⇒ =
dy y

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dx 2x 2
⇒ + = 10y
dy y

2
∫ dy 2 log y 2
y
IF = e = e = y

Hence, the solution of given differential equation is

2 4
xy = ∫ 10y dy + C

2 5
⇒ xy = 2y + C

Q23 (4) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

We have, y 2
dx + (x −
1

y
) dy = 0

dx x 1
⇒ + 2
= 3
dy y y

1
1
dy
2 −
∴ IF = e y = e y

Hence, the solution of given differential equation is

−1/y
−1/y e
xe = ∫ 3
dy
y

−1 1
−1/y t
⇒ xe = −∫ e ⋅ tdt [∵  put  = t ⇒ dy = dt]
y y
2

−1/y t
⇒ xe = −e (t − 1) + C

−1/y
−1/y −1/y e
⇒ xe = e + + C
y

When x = 1 and y = 1, then C =

−1

1/y
1 e
∴x = 1 + −
y e

Q24 (1) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

2 2
t f (x)−x f (t)
We have, limt→x
t−x
= 1

2 ′
2tf (x)−x f (t)
⇒limt→x
1
= 1 [applying L' Hospital's rule]
2 ′
⇒ 2xf (x) − x f (x) = 1

2 ′
⇒ x f (x) = 2xf (x) − 1

2f (x) −1
′
⇒f (x) − =
x x
2

which is a form of linear differential equation. where, P =

−2

x
and Q = −1

x
2

∫ −2/xdx −2 log x 1
∴I F = e = e =
2
x

Hence, the solution of given differential equation is

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1 −1
f (x) ⋅ 2
= ∫ 4
dx
x x
1 1
⇒ f (x) ⋅ = 3
+ C
2 3x
x

1 2
⇒ f (x) = + Cx
3x

1 2
⇒ f (1) = + C = 1 ⇒ C =
3 3

2
1 2x
∴ f (x) = +
3x 3

Q25 (1) - Linear Differential Equations and Bernoulli's Eqiation

We have, y
′
− y tan x = 2x sec x

dy
⇒ − y tan x = 2x sec x
dx

which is a form of linear differential equation.

where, P = − tan x and Q = 2 × sec x
∫ − tan xdx log cos x
∴ IF = e = e = cos x

So, the solution of given differential equation is

y cos x = ∫ 2x sec x cos xdx + C

2
y cos x = x + C

When x = 0 and y = 0, then C = 0

2
∴y = x sec x

2
2 2
π π π π π
⇒ y( ) = ( ) sec = × √2 =
4 4 4 16
8 √2

Q26 (3) - Exact Form

We have,
3
xdy + ydx + 2x dx = 0

3
⇒d(xy) + 2x dx = 0

On integrating both sides, we get

3
∫ d(xy) + ∫ 2x dx = 0

4
x
∴ xy + = C
2

Q27 (1) - Exact Form

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Given, xdx + ydy = a (x 2 2

+ y ) dy

xdx+ydy
⇒ 2 2
= ady
x +y

1 2 2
⇒ d log(x + y ) = ady
2

On integrating both sides, we get

2 2
∫ d [log(x + y )] = 2 ∫ ady

2 2
∴ log(x + y ) = 2ay + C

Q28 (1) - Exact Form

We have, ydx − xdy + (1 + x 2

) dx + x
2
sin ydy = 0

On dividing by x , we get 2

ydx−xdy 1

2
+ ( 2
+ 1) dx + sin ydy = 0
x x

xdy−ydx 1
−( 2
) + ( 2
+ 1) dx + sin ydy = 0
x x

On integrating both sides, we get

y 1
−∫ d( ) + ∫ ( + 1) dx + ∫ sin ydy = C
x 2
x
y 1
⇒ − + x − − cos y = C
x x

y 1
∴ + − x + cos y + C = 0
x x

Q29 (2) - Exact Form

Given,
2 2 2 2
(1 + x√x + y ) dx + (−1 + √x + y ) ydy = 0

2 2 2 2
dx + x√x + y dx − ydy + y√x + y dy = 0

2 2 2 2
⇒ dx − ydy + x√x + y dx + y√x + y dy = 0

1 3/2
2 2
dx − ydy + d(x + y ) = 0
3

On integrating both sides, we get

1 3/2
2 2
∫ dx − ∫ ydy + ∫ d(x + y ) = 0
3
2
y 1 3/2
2 2
⇒ x − + (x + y ) = C
2 3

2 3/2
2 2 2
∴ 2x − y + (x + y ) = C
3

Q30 (1) - Exact Form

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xdy y
We have, 2
x +y
2
= ( 2
x +y
2
− 1) dx

xdy ydx
⇒ − = −dx
2 2 2 2
x +y x +y

xdy−ydx y
−1
⇒ = −dx ⇒ d tan ( ) = −dx
x +y
2 2 x

y
−1
⇒ ∫ d tan ( ) = ∫ −dx
x

y
−1
∴ tan ( ) = −x + C
x

Q31 (3) - Exact Form

We have,
−1
{y (1 + x ) + sin y} dx + {x + log x + x cos y}dy = 0

y
⇒ydx + dx + sin ydx + xdy + log xdy + x cos ydy = 0
x
y
⇒ydx + xdy + dx + log xdy + sin ydx + x cos ydy = 0
x

⇒ d(xy) + d(y log x) + d(x sin y) = 0

⇒∫ d(xy) + ∫ d(y log x) + ∫ d(x sin y) = 0

∴xy + y log x + x sin y = c

Q32 (3) - Exact Form

We have,
y y
x cos( ) ⋅ {ydx + xdy} = y sin( ){xdy − ydx}
x x

y y y y
2 2
⇒ xy cos( )dx + x cos dy = xy sin( )dy − y sin( )dx
x x x x

y y y y
2 2
⇒ x cos dy − xy sin( )dy = − {y sin( ) + xy cos( )} dx
x x x x

2 y y
−[y sin( )+xy cos( )]
dy x x

⇒ =
dx 2
y y
x cos( )−xy sin( )
x x

2
−(v sin v+v cos v) dy
dv dv
⇒ v + x = [∵ y = vx ⇒ = v + x ]
dx cos v−v sin v dx dx

2 2
dv −v sin v−v cos v−v cos v+v sin v
⇒ x =
dx cos v−v sin V

dv −2v cos v
⇒ x =
dx cos v−v sin v

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cos v−v sin v −2dx

⇒ dv =
v cos v x

1 dx
⇒ ∫ ( − tan v) dV = −2 ∫
v x

⇒ log v − log sec v = −2 log x + log C

2
⇒ log v + log x = log C + log sec v

2
⇒ vx = C sec v

y y y
2
⇒ ⋅ x = C sec( ) [∵ v = ]
x x x

y
∴ xy = C sec( )
x

Q33 (3) - Orthogonal Trajectory

We have, y = cx ...(i) 2

On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

dy

dx
= 2cx ...(ii)

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

1 dy
y = x
2 dx

dy
⇒ 2y = x
dx
...(iii)
dy
Now, to obtain orthogonal trajectory replace dx
by (− dx

dy
)

Eq. (iii), we get

dx
⇒ 2y = −x
dy

⇒ 2ydy = −xdx

On integrating both sides, we get

∫ 2ydy = − ∫ xdx

2
x
2
⇒ y = − + C1
2
2 2
∴ x + 2y = 2C1

Q34 (4) - Orthogonal Trajectory

We have, x 2
+ y
2
− 2cx = 0 ...(i)

On differentiating w.r.t. x both sides, we get

dy
2x + 2y − 2c = 0
dx

On putting the value of c in Eq. (i), we get

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Hints & Solutions #MathBoleTohMathonGo

dy
2 2
x + y − 2 (x + y )x = 0
dx

dy
2 2
⇒ y − x = 2xy
dx

dy
For orthogonal trajectories, we replace dx
by (− dx

dy
) we get
dy 2xy
2 2 dx
y − x = −2xy ⇒ =
dy dx 2 2
x −y

2v dy
dv dv
⇒ v + x = 2
[∵ y = vx ⇒ = v + x ]
dx 1−v dx dx

3
dv 2v−v+v
⇒ x = 2
dx 1−v

On integrating both sides, we get

2
1−v dx
∫ 3
dv = ∫
v+v x

1 2v dx
⇒ ∫ ( − 2
) dv = ∫
v 1+v x

2
⇒ log v − log(1 + v ) = log x + log C

v
⇒ 2
= xC
1+v

yx
⇒ 2 2
= Cx
x +y

2 2
∴ x + y + Cy = 0

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