MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

KASEGAON EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

RIT POLYTECHNIC

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2022-23

TITLE OF PROJECT

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO NETWORKS

Program: Diploma in Computer Engineering Program code: CO

Course: ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING Course code:22520

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr.Utkarsh Abhay Nikhare Roll No: - CO29 of 5TH
Semester of Diploma in Computer Engineering of Institute, Kasegaon Education
Society's, RIT Polytechnic (Code:1227) has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in Subject –Advance Computer Networking. Subject Code: 22520
for the academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Pune Enrollment No: 2012270070

Date: Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

(PROF.S.LILHARE) (PROF.V.JADHAV) (PROF.S.K.JOSHI)

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MICRO-PROJECT GROUP DETAILS

Sr.No Name of Student Roll Enrollment No

No

1 Utkarsh Nikhare CO29 2012270070

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INDEX
SR.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1 ABSTRACT 5

2 INTRODUCTION 6

3 MAIN CONTENT 8

4 BASIC CONCEPT 9

5 MODEL 10

6 CONCLUSION 12

7 WEEKLY PROJECT REPORT 13

8 EVALUATION SHEET 14

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ABSTRACT

Computer networking refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share
resources with each other. These networked devices use a system of rules, called communications protocols,
to transmit information over physical or wireless technologies. In the course advanced Internet procedures
and technologies are described which support an efficient, effective and secure interconnection of both
distributed applications and related structured data. Routing, flow and congestion control algorithms and
procedures are worked out as well as those concerned with insuring quality of service for various distributed
application. Internet security mechanisms are also elaborated along with procedures for preventive and
intervention response to network security threats. Finally, advanced techniques for application interworking
are worked out, which are based upon standard and intelligent network computation models .

 plan the interworking of distributed application basing on Semantic Web technology

 develop and evaluate distributed application architectures according to functional requirements

 design IPv6 based computer networks

 select the transport protocol appropriate for a given application

 develop a suitable security framework for a particular network environment

 select appropriate quality of service mechanisms for a give computer network

CISCO PACKET TRACER

Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to
create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate
the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface. Packet Tracer
offers an effective, interactive environment for learning networking concepts and protocols. Most
importantly, Packet Tracer helps students and instructors create their own virtual “network worlds” for
exploration, experimentation, and explanation of networking concepts and technologies.

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INTRODUCTION
Networking communication is full of some very technical concepts based on some simple principles. Learn
the terms below and you’ll be able to hold your own in a conversation about the Internet.

Packet: The fundamental unit of data transmitted over the Internet. When a device intends to send a message
to another device (for example, your PC sends a request to YouTube to open a video), it breaks the message
down into smaller pieces, called packets. Each packet has the sender’s address, the destination address, a
sequence number, and a piece of the overall message to be sent.

Hub: A simple network device that connects other devices to the network and sends packets to all the
devices connected to it.

Bridge: A network device that connects two networks together and only allows packets through that are
needed.

IP Address: Every device that communicates on the Internet, whether it be a personal computer, a tablet, a
smartphone, or anything else, is assigned a unique identifying number called an IP (Internet Protocol)
address. Historically, the IP-address standard used has been IPv4 (version 4), which has the format of four
numbers between 0 and 255 separated by a period. For example, the domain Saylor.org has the IP address
of 107.23.196.166.

Switch: A network device that connects multiple devices together and filters packets based on their
destination within the connected devices. A network switch is a physical device that operates at the Data
Link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model -- Layer 2. It takes in packets sent by devices
that are connected to its physical ports, and forwards them to the devices the packets are intended to reach.
Switches connect network segments, providing full-duplex communication, valuable network performance
data and efficient use of network bandwidth

Switch is a network device that is used to segment the networks into different subnetworks called subnets
or LAN segments. It is responsible for filtering and forwarding the packets between LAN segments based
on MAC address.

1. It operates in Data Link Layer in OSI Model

2. It performs error checking before forwarding data

3. It transfers the data only to the device that has been addressed

4. It operates in full duplex mode

5. It allocates each LAN segment a limited bandwidth

Router: A device that receives and analyzes packets and then routes them towards their destination. In some
cases, a router will send a packet to another router; in other cases, it will send it directly to its destination A
router is a device that connects two or more packet-switched networks or subnetworks. It serves two primary
functions: managing traffic between these networks by forwarding data packets to their intended IP
addresses, and allowing multiple devices to use the same Internet connection. A router is a device that
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connects two or more packet-switched networks or subnetworks. It serves two primary functions: managing
traffic between these networks by forwarding data packets to their intended IP addresses, and allowing
multiple devices to use the same Internet connection.

There are several types of routers, but most routers pass data between LANs (local area networks) and WANs
(wide area networks). A LAN is a group of connected devices restricted to a specific geographic area. A
LAN usually requires a single router. A WAN, by contrast, is a large network spread out over a vast
geographic area. Large organizations and companies that operate in multiple locations across the country,
for instance, will need separate LANs for each location, which then connect to the other LANs to form a
WAN. Because a WAN is distributed over a large area, it often necessitates multiple routers and switches.

THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO NETWORKS

The gateway addresses are required , since , communication is to be achieved between devices on two different
networks. The gateway for PC1 should be a device , which is accessible to it , and which is capable of
forwarding the information to the intended network.

The article explains the protocols and technology which is involved when two computers on different TCP/IP
networks communicate with each other.

In the diagram, a router is used to segregate two networks. The networks are 192.168.1.0/24 and
192.168.2.0/24. The corresponding interface IP address on the routers are 192.168.1.1/24 and 192.168.2.1/24
as shown in the diagram.

The interfaces on the router are connected to ports on the switch , to which the computers are connected. The
IP address of the computers are 192.168.1.2 (PC1) and 192.168.2.2 (PC2).

Take a scenario where PC1 wants to communicate with PC2. For the communication to be succesfull, the
TCP/IP adapter settings of PC1 and PC2 should be configured with the corresponding gateway addresses. The
gateway addresses are required , since , communication is to be achieved between devices on two different
networks.

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MAIN CONTENT
The router is configured with two IP addresses, 192.168.1.1/24 and 192.168.2.1/24. When configured,
routing tables are populated and 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24 ( the corresponding network addresses)
are listed as directly connected networks.

When the packet reaches the router, the destination IP address is looked into (192.168.2.1). The router
checks if it is aware of the destination network for the destination IP packet.

The gateway addresses are required , since , communication is to be achieved between devices on two
different networks. The gateway for PC1 should be a device , which is accessible to it , and which is capable
of forwarding the information to the intended network.

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BASIC CONCEPT
The gateway addresses are required , since , communication is to be achieved between devices on two different
networks. The gateway for PC1 should be a device , which is accessible to it , and which is capable of
forwarding the information to the intended network.

The gateway for PC1 should be a device , which is accessible to it , and which is capable of forwarding the
information to the intended network. In the diagram, the router would be the ideal gateway. But the router
has two interfaces, which are configured for two different IP addresses.

So which IP address should the PCs use. For example, the IP address 192.168.1.1 should be used as the
gateway IP address for PC1 and IP address 192.168.2.2 should be used as the gateway IP address for PC2.
What would happen if 192.168.2.1 is used as the gateway for PC1 ?

PC1 would not be able to access it since , the IP address (192.168.2.1) itself is on a different network.
Gateways are devices which should belong to the same network, and has knowledge about how to reach
other networks. The following sequence of events follow, once the TCP/IP adapter settings is configured
with the gateway address.

1. PC1 pings PC2

2. The routing table on PC1 identifies that PC2 (192.168.2.2) is on a different network

3. The packet would be sent to the gateway IP address configured on the PC as the destination is on a
different network and the PC does not have any other option as a specific route to the network 192.168.2.0
is unavailable on the routing table of the PC.
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MODEL

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN 2 NETWORKS

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CONCLUSION

Computer Networks basically used in sharing the information or data. It also used to inter, intra and extra
connect with each other whatever the location is such as building, city, nation or country. Computer network
works on basis of topologies and technical communication barriers which flows the effective information for
best visible growth. It also includes new developments according today's era. Internet, server etc are the
example of computer networks. When using a network, people can communicate efficiently with a group of
people through instant messaging, video conferencing, social media, chat rooms, etc. It is easy to share files,
data, and information. a network is two or more computers connected together using a telecommunication
system for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources. Without having a network, Companies
would not be able to share resources and increase productivity more effectively

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WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

MICRO PROJECT
SR. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF DATE
NO GUIDE
1 3rd Discussion and finalization of topic
2 4th Preparation and submission of Abstract

3 5th Literature Review

4 6th Collection of Data
5 7th Collection of Data
6 8th Discussion and outline of Content
7 9th Formulation of Content
8 10th Editing and proof Reading of Content
9 11th Compilation of Report And Presentation
10 12th Seminar
11 13th Viva
12 14th Final submission of Micro Project

Sign of the Student Sign f the Faculty

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MICRO PROJECT EVALUATION SHEET

Academic Year: 2022-23 Name of the Faculty: Prof.S.Lilhare

Course: Advance Computer Networking Course code:22520 Semester:V

Title of the project:- COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO NETWORKS

COs addressed by Micro Project:-
A:- Utkarsh Nikhare
Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project
(a) Practical outcome:
1)
2)

(b) Outcomes in Affective domain:

1)
2)
Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication(if any):-

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