SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Biology 1
Module 4
Understanding the Basic
Unit of life
General Biology I
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 4: Understanding the Basic Unit of life
First Edition, 2020

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General Biology 1
Module 4
Understanding the Basic
Unit of life
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Classifying Different
Cell Types (of plant/animal tissues) and Specify the Functions of each.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

Hello my dear facilitator of learning. You are lucky to have this learning
material which easily deliver the lesson for our learners, enhance their
knowledge on specific learning competency and help them achieve our learning
objectives.

Please tell our learners to read, understand, analyze and answer all the
activities and questions seriously as this material is designed and made for
them. Inform also our learners to take some precautionary measures and some
activities need extra care. Don’t go beyond our objectives and main goal for our
learners. As a facilitator let us be an agent to let them love learning through
this module.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Self Learning Module (SLM)) on Classifying

Different Cell Types (of plant/animal tissues) and Specify the Functions of each.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

Hello! How are you? Did you know that some organisms are microscopic yet
still successful to survive for millions of years? Some organisms are made up of only
one cell and these are known as unicellular organisms. Other bigger organisms are
so complex that they are made up of many different types of cells; they are known as
multicellular organisms such as snake and coconut tree. Animal and Plant cells
have many organelles in common but some organelles also have features that
different in both. At the same time cells of the same kind group together to form
tissue that perform specific function in the body of an organism. These are the
contents of this module.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

 Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissue) and specify the
functions of each (STEM_BIO 11/12-Ia-c-4).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissue) and specify the
functions of each;

2. make a concept map that shows the different plant and animal cells and
tissues; and

3. relate cell and tissue functions for the organism’s over-all functions.

What I Know

Directions: Select the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following tissues are specialized for the covering or lining of all
internal and external body surface?
A. Nerve tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue

2. What kind of animal tissue is made up of closely-packed cells arranged in

flat sheet?
A. Nerve tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue

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3. Which of the following is a correct list of structures found in both plant and
animal cells?
A. Mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, centriole
B. Mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast
D. Mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall,
chloroplast

4. Under a microscope, a student observe a specimen containing cell wall,

nucleus and chloroplasts. Which of the following could the specimen being
observed belongs to?
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Human
D. Tomato

5. What cell organelle is present in plant cell that distinguishes from an animal
cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Cell wall
C. Mitochondria
D. Cell membrane

6. Which of the following cells have uneven cell wall, elongated and can stretch
to provide mechanical support to elongating parts of the plant?
A. Collenchyma
B. Cork
C. Parenchyma
D. Sclerenchyma

7. Which of the following cells is part of the connective tissue?

A. Blood
B. Neuron
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Skeletal muscle

8. Which of the following best corresponds to a semi-rigid structure that lends

support to a cell?
A. Plastids
B. Cell wall
C. Lysosome
D. Smooth ER

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9. Which of the following cell can centrioles be observed when viewed using the
electron microscope?
A. Leaf cells
B. Liver cells
C. Onion cells
D. Parenchyma cells

10. Which of the following is NOT part of a connective tissue?

A. Brain
B. Blood
C. Bones
D. Cartilage

11. Is it true that (I) Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and dissolve
substances while (II) phloem is responsible for the transport of organic
substances such as carbohydrates?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II

12. Which following organs are NOT composed of epithelial tissue?

A. Skin
B. Heart
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine

13. Which is TRUE about the function of epithelial tissue?

A. It holds the body together.
B. It carry electrical and chemical signals and impulses.
C. It forms the covering or lining of internal and external body surface.
D. It is responsible for the distribution of nutrients throughout the body

14. How can the tissue of voluntary muscle differ from involuntary muscle?
A. Involuntary muscle was under our conscious control while voluntary
muscle is not.
B. Voluntary muscle is made up of smooth muscle while involuntary
muscle is made up of long fiber muscle.
C. Voluntary muscle include the muscle of our arms while involuntary
muscle includes the muscle of the digestive tract.
D. Involuntary muscle is most commonly attached to the bones while
voluntary muscle is found in our internal organs.

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15. Why an apical meristem tissue is important in plant growth and
development? It is responsible for the
A. food production in plants.
B. increase in with or diameter of roots
C. increase in length of stem and roots.
D. transport of minerals throughout the plant.

What’s In

In the previous lessons you have learned that cells can be classified as
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Can you still cite the difference between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cell?
Directions: Put check on if the following organelles can be found in eukaryotic or
prokaryotic cells.

Cell organelles Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Cellulose in cell wall
Undergo binary fission
Undergo mitosis
Ribosomes
Flagella
Unicellular
Multicellular
Mitochondria

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What’s New
This time look at the images below of a plant and animal cells. List any
differences you see between the two images.

Fig 1. Comparison of plant and animal cells

Based on the pictures above which is a plant cell? An animal cell?

Directions. List down the structures of the cell of the plant and animal in the cell
structure column. Put a check (/) mark in the column where each of these
structures are found and (x) if not. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Cell Structure Plant Only Animal Only Plant and Animal

What is It

Based on the activity you have done, which organelles are present in both
plants and animals? Which organelles are found in plant only? In animal only?

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This time you will learn the different cell types of plants and animals together
with their specific functions they performed. The cells of living things are different.
Most cells are specialized to performed one specific function. Groups of cells
performing special life functions are called tissues.

The following are some human cells and its functions:

1. Blood cells – red, white blood cells and platelets floating in liquid plasma
2. Nerve cells – also called neuron .Cells with fiber which conduct impulses. It
consist of a cell body, axon and dendrites.
3. Skeletal muscle cells – also called striated muscle cells because of their striped
appearance when viewed under a compound microscope.
4. Ova or egg cells sex cells – Female sex cells produced by the ovaries.
5. Sperm cells –Male sex cells produced by the testes.

Figure 2. Different animal cells

Tissues are group of similar cells which perform a definite functions.

These are several kinds of tissues in animals:

1. Epithelial tissues. These are made up of closely-packed cells arranged in flat
sheet. It forms lining of various cavities and tubes in the body such as lining
of the small intestine which secretes digestive substances and absorbed
products of digestion. This tissue is specialized to form the covering or lining
of all internal and external body surface. Some has special functions of
absorption, secretion, excretion, sensation and respiration.

Fig.3. Types of Epithelial tissues

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2. Connective tissues hold parts of the body together, such as bones. The long
tough fiber that hold bones onto other bones are called ligaments, forming
joints, while the tissues which hold muscle to bone are called tendons.
Cartilage is another type of connective tissue, which has widely spaced cells.
Blood is regarded as specialized form of connective tissue because it originates
in the bones and has some fibers. Blood is compose of red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets.

Fig. 4. Different types of connective tissues

3. Muscle tissues are for movement in animals.

a. Involuntary-muscles not under our conscious control. Example. The
muscles in your stomach move even if we do not let them do so and the
action cannot be stopped either. This type of muscle is also called
visceral or smooth muscle.

b. Voluntary muscle – made up of long fibers and they move our bones.
It is striated in appearance. We can control them at will. Example. We
can raise our legs if we wish. This type of muscle is called skeletal
muscle, since they are attached to the bones.

c. Cardiac muscle is a special type of muscle that make up our heart. It

is an involuntary muscle that is striated in appearance.

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Figure 5. Types of
muscle cells

4. Nerve tissues it carry electrical and chemical signals and impulses from the
brain and central nervous system to the periphery, and vice versa. This tissues
are made up of specialized cells called neurons. Brain, spinal cord and nerves
are all composed of nerve tissue.

Types of neurons

1. Motor neurons/efferent
a. Accept nerve impulses from the Central Nervous System
b. Transmit them to muscles or glands
2. Sensory Neurons/ afferent
a. Accept impulse from sensory receptors
b. Transmit them to CNS
3. Interneurons/association
a. Convey nerve impulse between various parts of the CNS

Fig. 6. A typical neuron

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Plant Tissues

A tissue is composed of a group of vegetative cells with one or more specific

functions.

1. Meristematic tissues are tissues responsible for the production of new cells.
It is compose of immature cells and regions of active in cell division. It have
small, thin cell walls and rich in cytoplasm. Found in the growing tips of roots
and stems.
2. Permanent tissues. These are composed of mature and differentiated cells.
Cells of this tissue have lost their ability to divide and they have specialized
structure to perform specific functions. These are
derived from meristematic tissues.

Kinds of Meristems

1. Apical meristems. Found at the tips of stems and

roots and are mainly responsible for the increase in
length of stems and roots.
2. Lateral meristems. Found in the sides or periphery
of roots and stems. Responsible of the increase in
width or diameter of stems or roots.

Fig.7. image of meristems

Kinds of Permanent Tissues

1. Simple permanent tissue – consist of only one type of cells ( eg. Parenchyma)
2. Complex permanent – consist of more than one type of cells ( eg. Xylem and
phloem)

Simple Permanent tissues

1. Epidermis. This is an external tissue which consist of a single layer of living

cells. It serves as the protective outer covering of the leaves, young roots and
young stems. It produce cutin to protect plants against loss of water.
2. Parenchyma. This is an internal tissue and consist of living cells with thin
cell wall. Found in the soft parts of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Most of
the chlorophyll of leaves are in the cells of parenchyma tissue. It is where
photosynthesis occurs. The functions of parenchyma of stems and roots is
food manufacturing and food storage. Ex. Fleshy tissues of fruits and
vegetables.
3. Collenchyma. This is also an internal tissue. The collenchyma cells are
structurally similar to parenchyma cells except that their walls are irregularly
and compactly arranged. The collenchyma is a strengthening or supportive
tissue and functions to store food.

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4. Sclerenchyma. Also an internal tissue consist of thick-walled, dead cells . The
cells have uniformly thick heavily lignified secondary walls. They function
mainly for support. Plant fibers are sclerenchyma cells. Found also in stone
cells of chico fruit and in seed coat of coconut shells.

Fig. 8. Plant tissues present in plants.

Complex Permanent Tissues

Vascular tissues

1. Xylem – primarily functions for the transport of water and dissolved

substances upward in the plant body.
2. Phloem – primary functions in the transport of organic material such
as carbohydrates and amino acids.

What’s More

Directions: Determine what type of cells/tissues the following organs or part are
made of. Write your answer on separate paper.

A. C.

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B. D.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Copy the diagram bellow. Continue the diagram by filing with sub idea
to complete the concept map.
[

Plant and Animal Cells and Tissues

Plants Animals

Rubric of the activity

Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement
Criteria
3 2 1
Shows complete and Shows little
insightful Shows some understanding of
understanding of understanding of relationship
Concepts
relationship between relationship between
(knowledge) concepts and use between terminologies and
appropriate terminologies and shows a lack of
terminology and notations understanding of
notations many concepts.
Most key words and
All key words and Many key words
concepts from the
concepts necessary to and concepts from
units are covered in
organization promote an overview the unit are
a meaningful way
of the unit are used covered and are
and are
and well organized to somewhat
thoughtfully
give added meaning. organized.
organized

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What I Can Do
Direction: Fill up the boxes with correct answer based on the statement stated bellow.

Plant and Animal Cells and Tissue Crossword

5

6 2

3
((8)

4 9

Across
1. Functions mainly for support in plant
2. It serves as the protective outer covering of leaves, young roots and young
stems.
3. A tissue that is Responsible for the production of new cells in plant
4. Found in the fleshy parts of fruits and the softer parts of roots, stem and
leaves.
5. A tissue that forms lining of various cavities and tubes in the body.

Down

6. Muscles of the heart.

7. Male sex cells produced by the testes.
8. A tissue that received and send sensations in the body.
9. For movement in animals
10. Meristem found at the tip of the stems and roots.

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Assessment

Directions: Select the letter of the Best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which organelle can be found in plant cell but not in animal cell?
A. Ribosomes
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondria
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

2. Which of the following tissue provide support and strength to the plant?
A. Parenchyma
B. Xylem tissue
C. Collenchyma
D. Sclerenchyma

3. In which of the following cells can the centrioles be observed when viewed
using the electron microscope?
A. Root cells
B. Skin cells
C. Stem cells
D. Parenchyma cells

4. Which of the following tissue specialized for the covering or lining of all
internal and external body surface?
A. Nerve tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue

5. What is the primary function of the cell wall?

A. Builds proteins
B. Takes in carbon dioxide
C. Convert solar energy to chemical energy
D. To protect and provide support for the cell.

6. The tip of stem and roots continue to grow and increase in length. What
plant cell does this region have?
A. Collenchyma
B. Cork
C. Parenchyma
D. Sclerenchyma

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7. Which of the following describe the functions of connective tissues?
A. It holds parts of the body together.
B. It is responsible for movement in animals.
C. It specialized for covering all internal body organs.
D. It is responsible for receiving and transmitting information in the
body.

8. Which of the following tissues are made up of closely-packed cells arranged

in flat sheet?
A. Nerve tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue

9. Which of the following tissues do the following parts belong: tendon,

ligaments, and cartilage?
A. Nervous
B. Muscular
C. Epithelial
D. Connective

10. Which is TRUE about the main function of nervous tissue?

A. Responsible for lining and covering
B. Contracts and shortens to produce movement
C. Responsible for protecting, supporting and binding together other
body tissues
D. Receives and conducts electrochemical impulses from one part of the
body to another.

11. Collenchyma cell are structurally similar to parenchyma cells, EXCEPT that
A. It consist of single layer of living cell
B. It consist of living cell with thin cell wall
C. Collenchyma cell wall are irregularly and compactly arranged
D. The cell have uniformly thick heavily lignified secondary walls

12. Which of the following is NOT the characteristics of permanent tissues?

A. Matured tissues which are already differentiated
B. Actively dividing to produce new cells for growth
C. Mature tissues that are undergoing differentiation
D. Categorized into epidermal tissue, ground tissue and vascular tissue

13. All of the following are functions of neurons, EXCEPT

A. Accept impulse from sensory receptors
B. Secrete enzymes to regulate body functions
C. Convey nerve impulse between various parts of the CNS
D. Accept nerve impulse from Central Nervous System (CNS)

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14. Under a microscope, a student observe a specimen containing cell wall,
nucleus and chloroplasts. Which of the following conclusions applicable to a
certain organism?
A. Bacteria
B. Leech
C. Moss
D. Mushroom

15. Xylem is a part of vascular bundles of a plant in which it carries certain

function. Why xylem tissue important to plants?
A. Carry out photosynthesis
B. Transport water and minerals
C. Provide support for young plant
D. Control the opening and closing of stoma

Additional Activities

This time, search in the internet, books and other references about the
images of other cells not mentioned in this module.
Directions. Draw and label the parts of at least 5 types of animal cells. Example
bone cells, blood cells, etc.

Rubrics for this activity.

Excellent-3 Satisfactory - 2 Needs improvement -1

Drawing looks similar to Drawing is almost similar Drawing is far from

what was observed and/or to what was observed what was observed
taught and/or taught and/or taught
Drawing has more
Drawing includes many
Drawing has lacking in lacking in details
details (measurements,
details (measurements, (measurements,
shapes, colors, size etc.)
shapes, colors, size, etc.) shapes, colors, size,
when possible
etc.)

Drawing is accurately Drawing has little Drawing has more

labeled mislabeled parts. mislabeled parts.

Drawing is little smaller Drawing is too small

Drawing is legible and large
and details are and details are
enough to see all details
observable observable.

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Cell organelles Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Nucleus /
Membrane-bound organelles /
Cellulose in cell wall /
Undergo binary fission /
Undergo mitosis /
Ribosomes /
Flagella / /
Unicellular / /
Multicellular /
Mitochondria /
What’s In
Assessment
What I Know
1. B
1. C
2. D
2. C
3. B
3. B
4. C
4. D
5. D
5. B
6. C
6. A
7. A
7. A
8. C
8. B
9. D
9. B
10. D
10. A
11. C
11. C
12. B
12. B
13. B
13. C
14. C
14. B
15. B 15. C
Answer Key
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c
s c l e r e n c h y m a
r
s e p i d e r m i s
p i
e n a
m e r i s t e m a t i c
u m u
s p a r e c h y m a
c o p
l n i
e c
e p i t h e l i a l
l
What’s more.
Cell Structure Plant Only Animal Only Plant and Animal
Cell wall / X
Cell membrane /
Ribosomes /
Nucleus /
Mitochondria /
Chloroplast / X /
Centrioles X /
Vacuoles /
Golgi apparatus /
Endoplasmic /
reticulum
cytoskeleton /
What’s New – Activity 1
References
Carale, Lourdes C, Aide Dasallas, Zenaida L Dee, Elvira R Galvez, Gerardo Luna, Ma.
Dulcelina O Sebastia, Esther Sebua, Merle C Tan, Guadalupe Yap, and Mabel
Ypil. 1990. Science and Technology II: Biology. Mandaluyong City, Philippines:
Book Media Pres, Inc.

deped. 2010. Science and Technology II: Biology Textbook. Quezon City: Printing.
Penecilla, Gerald l, Ligaya D Valmonte, Monina M Fandialan, and Minda J
Formacion. 2003. Basic Concepts in Biology. Meycauayan Bulacan,
Philippines: Trinitas Publishing, Inc.

Rea, Ma. Angelica D, Mary Zugar M Dequillo, and Jenny Lyn C Chua. 2017. General
Biology 1. Manila: Rex Book Store.

org, Wikipedia. 2020. wikipedia.org. July 02. Accessed August 08, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology).
wikipedia.org. 2020. /en.wikipedia.org. 03 20. Accessed 08 10, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg.

—. 2020. wikipedia.org. July 15. Accessed 08 10, 2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology).

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Disclaimer
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by the DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of
this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC).
This is a supplementary material used by all learners of region XII in all public
schools beginning 2020-2021. This process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This version 1.0 highly encourage feedback, comments
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource

Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No. (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]