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Geography Project: Natural Disasters and Their Management

This document is a geography project on natural disasters and their management. It contains an introduction that defines disasters and discusses their types and impacts. It then focuses on three specific disasters: cyclones, earthquakes, and tsunamis. For cyclones, it discusses their formation, structure, and categories. It also provides precautions during cyclones. For earthquakes, it explains their formation and measurement. The project contains case studies on specific disasters and concludes with a bibliography.

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134 views

Geography Project: Natural Disasters and Their Management

This document is a geography project on natural disasters and their management. It contains an introduction that defines disasters and discusses their types and impacts. It then focuses on three specific disasters: cyclones, earthquakes, and tsunamis. For cyclones, it discusses their formation, structure, and categories. It also provides precautions during cyclones. For earthquakes, it explains their formation and measurement. The project contains case studies on specific disasters and concludes with a bibliography.

Uploaded by

Nimbus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geography Project

[2021-22]

Natural Disasters and their Management


1.Acknowledgments
I would like to express my special thanks to my Geography Teacher Miss Nalina Shanmugam as
well as our Principle Miss Anupama Sethi who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on Natural Disasters And Their Management, which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know about so many new things. Secondly I would like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limiting time frame.
2.Certificate
3.. Index
4. 7 pages
( 1 page intro) (3 cyclones) (2 earthquakes) ( 1 tsunami)

.I. Intro

Disaster is a sudden calamitous event that brings huge destruction, damage and loss to property and
life. The damage varies depending on geographical location, earth’s surface, and climate. Disasters
retard the development of a country, region or area. In this chapter, we shall discuss disasters, their
types, impacts, and precautions to reduce the loss.
Types of Disasters
Disasters can occur because of environmental reasons, or can be human-induced. They can be of
two types- Natural and Man made. Natural disasters include drought, flood, cyclone, earthquake,
volcanic eruption, landslide, thunderstorm, hot or cold waves, and so on; whereas Man made
disasters include epidemic, forest fire, environmental pollution, road or train accident, riot, war, and
so forth.
Even though I find most topics in Geography interesting, none catch my attention better than natural
disasters. I have always found disasters intriguing and have wanted to know more about them. The
disaster that I found most interesting were Earthquakes and Cyclones. The 2 most prevalent
disasters in India and Asia.
.II. Cyclones https://www.britannica.com/video/143203/Cyclones-zones-seas

What are Cyclones?


Cyclones, also called typhoon or hurricane, is an intense circular storm that originates over warm
tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain. They
are gigantic, destructive, deadly storms.
How are they formed?
Because of information gathered by satellites observing Earth, we know that cyclones form in low
pressure zones over warm inter-tropical seas. A tropical depression may intensify and evolve into a
tropical storm, with even lower pressures and stronger winds. When the winds rise above 118
kilometers per hour, it is called a cyclone.

Cyclones look like huge disks of clouds. They are between 10 and 15 kilometers thick. And they
may be up to 1,000 kilometers in diameter. They are made of bands of storm clouds rolled into a
spiral around a zone of very low pressure called the eye of the cyclone. Winds are drawn in toward
the eye of the cyclone, but they cannot penetrate it. When winds reach the periphery of the eye they
become very strong. They begin to whirl around the eye, rising toward the top of the cloud, then
dispersing.

The westward trade winds sometimes push cyclones over the mainland, where they cause great
damage. Winds of more than 250 kilometers per hour flatten structures, while torrential rains and
the seawater sucked up by the cyclone flood entire regions. Every year cyclones cause an average of
20,000 deaths around the world.

Cyclone Categories
https://www.yovizag.com/10-basic-precautions-of-cyclone/
Cyclones are
divided into
categories
depending on the
strength of the
winds produced.
There are many
different
classification
scales but one
you may be familiar with is the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
The classifications (1-5) are intended primarily for use in measuring the potential damage and
flooding (storm surge) a cyclone will cause upon landfall.

Precautions:
Stay inside the house and secure your windows and doors with shutters
Turn off gas and disconnect the electrical appliances to avoid short circuits and damages
Stay updated with the latest cyclone updates and weather forecast reports. Keep monitoring the
warnings regularly
Refrain from going to the beach or venturing into the sea
Avoid driving as the roads will be slippery and it would be difficult to control the vehicle against
the blowing gusts
Keep phone numbers of hospital, police, help agencies, relatives and friends handy.
.III. Earthquakes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
What are Earthquakes?
An earthquake also known as a quake tremor is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting
from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere. Earthquakes can range in size from
those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people
into the air, and wreak destruction across entire cities.
How are Earthquakes Formed?
An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. The tectonic plates are always slowly
moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the
friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and
cause the shaking that we feel.
Measuring Earthquakes
The occurrence
Precautions
Case Study: Japan 2011
5. Bibliography

End.

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