Government Websites Analysis (Jabarprov.do.id, Jakarta.go.

id, and
Jatengprov.go.id) Using White Hat SEO and Black Hat SEO Method

1
Vikri Alif Putrananda, 2Dr. Dewi Agushinta R., SKom., MSc

Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology

Gunadarma Unoversity
Jl. Margonda Raya No. 100, Depok 16424, West Java
1
[email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Websites for each province is one of the ways the government strategically takes to
push the development in the E-government area through a measured and realistic approach.
By definition E-government is a government initiative with the goal of interconnecting
government members with the related parties. Three websites ranked at the top of the Google
search engine results using “website daerah” as the keyword they are Jawa Barat, Jawa
Tengah and Jakarta. The purpose of this research is to determine what makes the three
websites above ranked above the other websites using six Meta Tag variables in SEO White
Hat. This study also analyzed the usage of Black Hat SEO to find out whether the websites
mentioned uses illegal methods to increase their ranking in the search engine. Based on the
research results, Jakarta.go.id outclass the other two ranked at 3.305 worldwide, and ranked
at 72 amongst other websites in Indonesia. In the SEO White Hat category they do not use
Meta Description as one of the method to increase their ranking; therefore they have an
imperfect score 25/30. Meanwhile, based on the research Jakarta.go.id did not use any of SEO
Black Hat’s methods to illegally increase their search engine ranking.

Keyword: E-government, Government Website Analysis, SEO Black Hat, SEO White Hat.

INTRODUCTION is one of the ways the government

strategically takes to push the development
Technology has grown at an
in the E-government area through a
incredible pace throughout the years; one
measured and realistic approach
of the advantages for society is the creation
(KOMINFO, 18).
of Government Websites for each province
1
By definition E-government is a purposefully violates said search engine’s
government initiative with the goal of set of rules [2]. The website that proven to
interconnecting government members with uses said illegal method could get a
the related parties. Inside the e-government penalty, therefore it’s best to stay away
initiative there is also included an from using Black Hat SEO. [3]Three
automation and computerized most paper- websites ranked at the top of the Google
based procedure in the government search engine results using “website
workplace. That way it could create a daerah” as the keyword they are West
plethora of advantages such as new Java, Jakarta, and Central Java.
leadership pattern, alternative way to Based on a study conducted by
discuss, new technique regarding business Novi Prisma Yunita [4] titled “Kondisi
transaction, facilitate a two way Terkini Perkembangan Pelaksanaan E-
communication between the public and the Government di Indonesia: Analisis
governments and such, lastly it provide a Website” analyzed the development of e-
new platform to deliver information to the government in Indonesia with condition
larger society. and literature method. The study
People can find government mentioned above only answered what is
website of their region or others via a the condition of Indonesia’s e-government
search engine mainly to find information initiative and the development of said
regarding such regions. In order to be initiative regarding the implementation
placed on top of the search engine result based on the third President Instruction
page, websites should implement a Search conducted in 2003.
Engine Optimization (SEO) technique. The author aims to find out what
SEO is a set of techniques to optimize makes the three government websites
certain website to get a higher result in a above (West Java, Jakarta, and Central
search engine result. One of the methods is Java) ranked superior above the other
called White Hat SEO, it refers to a way to using White Hat SEO method with six
optimize websites that abides said search variables, they are Meta Title, Meta
engine’s rules [1]. Meanwhile, there is Keyword, Meta Description, Meta Robot,
another way to increase a website’s Meta Viewport, and Heading Tag. This
ranking in the search engine result other study also analyzed the usage of Black Hat
than White Hat SEO and that is called SEO to find out whether the websites
Black Hat SEO the way to optimize that mentioned uses illegal methods to increase

2
their ranking in the search engine that is Fig 1. Research Scheme
Keyword Stuffing, Paid Backlink,
Comment Section Spamming, Link The research method used to
Farming, Private Blog Network, and poor- accomplish this thesis is as follows:
quality content. The result of this study 1. Data Gathering. Data gathered through
hopefully can be useful information to various literature forms such as books,
develop the other government websites. domestic scientific journals as well as
international.
RESEARCH PURPOSES 2. Determining Tools. Tools that can
The purpose of this research is to helped analyze the data in this study’s,
analyze the three government websites they are: similarweb.com,
mentioned above using the White Hat SEO website.grader.com, and
and Black Hat SEO method, to find out smallseotools.com.
their traffic system using tools provided by 3. Determining Website to Analyze. The
similarweb.com. Also to determine what three government websites used in this
makes the three websites above ranked study is determined by the top three
above the other websites using six Meta websites ranked in Google result with
Tag variables in SEO White Hat. This the keyword “website daerah” and they
study also analyzed the usage of Black Hat are West Java, Jakarta. And Central
SEO to find out whether the websites Java.
mentioned uses illegal methods to increase 4. Data Processing. This step processes
their ranking in the search engine the data gather by tools mentioned
above based on the six variables of
RESEARCH METHOD White Hat and Black Hat.
5. Testing and Data Analysis. The White
Hat and Black Hat data that had been
processed and gathered then tested and
analyzed by comparing said data
between the three government websites
to produce useful information.

Data Gathering

3
Data gathered through various the third President Instruction
literature forms such as books, domestic conducted in 2003. It concluded that
scientific journals as well as international Indonesia has accomplished the second
to support the theories used in this step which is creating a website for
research. Data gathered through literature each region with 341 government
is directly related to the problem presented websites.
in this research. The following are few 3. “Analisis Perbandingan 10 Website
journal used in this research: Dari Kabupaten/ Kota Terbaik di
1. “Analisis Website Berita Online Provinsi Jawa Timur Menggunakan
Detik.com, Liputan6.com, dan Metode Acuan 6 Variabel (SEO White
Beritamerdekaonline.com Dengan Hat) Dan Pendekatan Perspektif
Menggunakan Metode SEO White Content”, by Siti Kardiyanti in 2018.
Hat”, by Farhan El Barhaz in 2021. This research analyzes 10 websites in
The result of this research stated that the East Java city and its district. This
the Dettik.com website ranked above research showed that Surabaya ranked
the other two websites because it has above 10 other website based on White
an advantage in the usage of White Hat Hat SEO score, yet it still imperfect
SEO category followed by Liputan score because Meta Description, and
6.com and lastly Heading Tag is nowhere to be found
Beritamerdekaonline.com because inside the website. Meanwhile in the
Liputan6.com only excel in the meta Perspective Content analysis, Surabaya
tag section but lack in other categories, ranked the lowest amongst the other 10
therefore they ranked below Detik.com in terms of range. This plummet is
website. caused by Surabaya’s website lacks the
2. “Kondisi Terkini Perkembangan amount of information in the primary
Pelaksanaan E-Government Di commodity category (only provides
Indonesia: Analisis Website”, by Novi information about palm oils, forestry
Prisma Yunita in 2018. The study and plantation) meanwhile the G2B
mentioned above only answered what (Government to Business) only covers
is the condition of Indonesia’s e- information about recreation and
government initiative and the industries around Eastern Java.
development of said initiative
regarding the implementation based on

4
Determining Tools Tools Description
Can be seen in table 1 the description in
detail.
considered tools to analyze each websites
Chosen. Providing
traffic system and website rankings. the rest meta tags
Meanwhile in table 2 is a few tools that not included in
website.grader.om,
considered to help analyze White Hat and smallseotools.com
also provides a
Black Hat. tools to analyze
Black Hat SEO
Table 1. Tools for analyzing Website usage.

Traffic and Website Rangkings

Determining Website to Analyze
Tools Description
The three government websites
Not chosen.
used in this study is determined by the top
Information
provided is three websites ranked in Google result with
complete, but to the keyword “website daerah” and they are
Alexa.com access said
West Java, Jakarta, and Central Java.
information the
user needs to make (Accessed at 14th February 2021).
an account and
paid subscription. Data Proccessing
Chosen. Provides
complete This step include procesing the data
information, gather by tools mentioned above based on
Similarweb.com flexible usage and the six variables of White Hat and Black
can be used
Hat on the government website
without any paid
subscription. jabarprov.go.id, jakarta.go.id,
Not chosen. To jatengprov.go.id with similarweb.com to
accsess the
find out each website’s rankings.
Semrush.com information, user
needs to have a Meanwhile website.grader.com and
semrush account. smallseotools.com is used to analyze the
usage of six Meta tags. White Hat SEO
Table 2. Meta Tag Tools
Tools Description analyzes six Meta tags they are: Meta
website.grader.com Chosen. Easy Title, Meta Keyword, Meta Description,
usage, complete Meta Robot, Meta Viewport, and Heading
information
Tag. For Black Hat SEO analysis is:
provided, provide
tool to analyze meta Keyword Stuffing, Paid Backlink,
5
Comment Section Spamming, Link either on desktop version or mobile
Farming, Private Blog Network, and poor- version without any problems.
quality content. 6. Heading Tag, heading tag is a HTML
code used to create a title inside the
Testing and Data Analysis
website. The bigger the number, the
White Hat SEO method refers to a smaller it is so the code is <h1>, <h2>,
set optimization technique to optimize <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>.
certain website that abides the search Meanwhile, Black Hat SEO
engine’s rules without violating it, this implements malicious website ranking
optimization is done by maximizing the optimization techniques which violates the
usage of six Meta Tags unseen by search engine optimization rules.
visitors[5]. The six variables of Meta tags Implementing black hat techniques may
provides an additional information about result in a short term rise in organic
said website to the search engine’s root, listings. However, if it is discovered by the
they are: search engines those websites who use
1. Meta Title, an optimized title can help black hat techniques then those sites may
a website’s SEO performance. be penalized (by demoting it further down
2. Meta Keyword, is a set of keywords the rankings) or removal from its index
that related to the content provided by completely[2]. The technique includes:
the website. 1. Keyword Stuffing, Stuffing large pile
3. Meta Description, explains what the of keywords in the webpage causes
website is about in a concise sentence. increase in keyword density of the
The optimal number of character used page. The keyword density is a factor
is 80-160 characters. which can increase page relevance for
4. Meta Robot, it decides whether search keywords[2].
engine is allowed to index a website by 2. Paid Backlink, the website creator paid
the spider. Spider is a software who another website to artificially become
follows a certain website page to the their backlink.
other. 3. Comment Section Spamming, this
5. Meta Viewport, it inform the browser method would not work in the latest
how to display said website. With this iteration of Google’s rule but a lot of
function, visitors can access a website website especially in Indonesia still
uses this technique.

6
4. Link Farming, a set of poor-quality Website jabarpro jakart jatengpro
secondary website created for the main Aspect v.go.id a.go.id v.go.id
website’s backlink. Pages per

5. Private Blog Network (PBN), a group Visit

of websites with high domain score Daily

Average 00:06:2
used for their backlink. Usually the 00:03:41 00:03:55
Visit 7
perpetrator bought an expired website
Duration
to then revive it.
Indone
6. Poor-quality Content, one of the
Indonesia sia,
examples of this technique is copying
, Singap Indonesia,
their content from other more qualified Singapor ore, Unitd
website without consent. Visitors e, United United States,
After testing each White Hat and (Country) States, States, Singapore,
Black Hat data with the tools mentioned, a Turkey, Netherl Japan,
set of questionnaire to test the website’s Netherla and, Vietnam

usability will be given to 30 respondents. nd Austral

ia
This questionnaire judges by 3 aspects,
Search
they are each website’s Efficiency, View, 49.98 40.75 46.96
Visit (%)
and Satisfaction the result gathered then
Display
processed by a Likert Scale. Tidak Tidak
Advertisin Tidak Ada
Ada Ada
g
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Whatsa
Table 3. Similarweb.com Data Comparison pp
YouTube
Website jabarpro jakart jatengpro Webap
,
Aspect v.go.id a.go.id v.go.id p, YouTube,
Whatsap
Global YouTu Whatsapp
21.865 3.305 7.755 p
Rank Social be, Webapp,
Webapp,
Country Media Twitter Instagram,
409 72 145 Instagra
Rank , Twitter,
m,
Total 10.27 Instagr Facebook
2.01 Juta 5.18 Juta Twitter,
Visitor Juta am,
Facebook
Bounce Facebo
60.05 43.65 44.31
Rate (%) ok

Daily 6.43 11.11 7.89

7
Based on Table 3, it shows website 6. Daily Average Visit evaluates how
owned by Jakarta ranked the highest long visitors stayed in the website on
between other 2 websites globally and average. Jakarta gets the longest
domestically. These are a few aspects duration with 06 minutes and 27
that support it: seconds, followed by Central Java
1. Globally, Jakarta ranked at 3.305 with 03 minutes and 55 seconds, and
way above Central Java at 7.755 and Central Java with 03 minutes and 41
lastly West Java ranked the lowest at seconds.
21.865. 7. Visitors came from various countries,
2. Domestically, Jakarta also ranked the the top 8 countries are Indonesia,
highest amongst the three at 72, United States, Singapore,
followed by Central Java at 145 and Netherlands, Turkey, Australia,
lastly West Java ranked 409. Japan, and Vietnam.
3. Jakarta’s total visitor is also reached 8. Search Visit aspect evaluates how
up to 10.27M visitors the highest many visitors searched said website
among Central Java with 5.18M directly from the search engine. West
visitors and West Java with 2.01M Java gets the highest percentage with
visitors. 49.98% followed by Central Java
4. Bounce Rate is a ratio of visitors who with 46.98% and lastly Jakarta with
came to the website and then 40.75%.
immediately leave, the higher the 9. The three website did not use any
percentage the better quality a advertisement to promote their
website gets. Jakarta get the lowest website.
percentage with 46.65% followed by 10. Visitors also came from various
Central Java with 44.31% and lastly social media platform such as
West Java with 60.05%. Whatsapp Webapp, YouTube,
5. In the Daily Pages per Visit aspect Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.
shows an average pages visited by
visitors on a daily basis. Jakarta get Table 4. Website.grader.com Data
the highest average with a total of Comparison
11.11 pages followed by Central Java Website Jabarpr Jakarta Jatengpro
with 7.89 pages and lastly West Java Aspect ov.go.id .go.id v.go.id
with 6.43 pages. Overall 77
53 (OK) 71 (OK)
Score (Good)
8
Page Size Central Java by six points with 71
5.4 4.2 3.3
(MB) and West Java gets the lowest score
Page with 53 out of the possible 100.
156 116 207
Request 2. Page Size, this aspect rate each
Page
website’s page size. Central Java has
Speed 17.7 10.8 21.8
the lowest page size with 3.2MB,
(second)
followed by Jakarta with 4.2MB, and
Pass Pass
Permissio Pass the highest is West Java with 5.4MB.
(Grante (Grante
n to Index (Granted) 3. Page Request, Jakarta have the
d) d)
lowest request with 116 requests,
Meta
Descriptio Pass Fail Pass followed by West Java with 156
n requests, and the highest request
Content belongs to Central Java with 207
Pass Pass Pass
Plugin requests.
Descriptiv 4. Page Speed, Jakarta once again gets
e Link Pass Pass Pass the shortest time to load with 10.8
Text seconds, followed by West Java with
Legible
Pass Pass Pass 17.7 seconds, and lastly Central Java
Font Size
with 21.8 seconds.
Tap
Fail Pass Pass 5. All three website already allowed
Targets
search engine to index their website,
Responsiv
Pass Pass Pass therefore the three of them gets a
e
Pass.
HTTPS Fail Pass Pass
6. Jakarta does not implement any Meta
Secure
Description in their Meta Tags,
Javascript Fail Pass Fail
therefore they gets a Fail meanwhile
Libraries
the other two gets a Pass.
7. In the Content Plugin all websites
Table 4 shows the data comparison
also gets a Pass.
between the three website using
8. All three websites gets a Pass in the
Website.grader.com, here are the
Descriptive Link Text aspect.
aspects:
9. The three websites also gets a
1. Overall Score, Jakarta gets the
Legible Font Size, which means in
highest score with 77 outscoring
9
both version the fonts are readable rd Mistake Mistake Mistake
not too small or too big. No Meta No Meta No Meta
Meta
10. West Java website gets a Fail in the Robot Robot Robot
Robots
Tap Targets aspect because in the Founded Founded Founded
Meta
mobile version their buttons does not
Viewp Optimal Optimal Optimal
have ample space so there often miss
ort
clicks.
Headin Suboptima Optimal Optimal
11. All three website gets a Pass in the
g Tag l (H1= 0) (H1= 5) (H1= 5)
responsive aspect.
Explanation:
12. Central Java’s website does not
: No mistake found
registered as a secured site which
: Mistake found
resulted in a Fail in the HTTPS
aspect.
As you can see table 5 shows that
13. Central Java and West Java both does
Jakarta’s website (Jakarta.go.id) is more
not implement the latest JavaScript
optimized compared to the other two
libraries in their website building so
government websites. These are the
therefore gets a Fail.
aspects which affected it:
1. The usage of each website’s Meta
Table 5. White Hat SEO Data Comparion
Title are already optimized, based the
Using Smallseotools.com
criteria regarding how many
Websit
Jabarprov Jakarta. Jatengpro characters used which is equal or less
e
.go.id go.id v.go.id than 60 characters.
Aspect
2. Meanwhile each website’s Meta
Meta
Title Optimal Optimal Optimal Description deemed not optimal,

(charac (58) (7) (31) because they unable to fulfilled the

ter) criteria to use more than 80 characters
Meta whilst not getting over 160 characters.
Descri 3. Meta Keyword’s usage each website
Suboptima Subopti Suboptimal
ption is also deemed not optimal, because
l (44) mal (44)
(charac the usage of keywords in each website
ter)
deemed unrelated to the content they
Meta Meta No Meta Meta provide.
Keywo Keyword Keyword Keyword 4. In the Meta Robot aspect, the three
10
websites did not implement Meta Farming used
Robot therefore this enable search Private
Does
engine to easily index each web page. Blog Does not Does not
not
5. Each Meta Viewport aspect is also Network used used
used
(PBN)
optimized, this means users can
Poor- Does
accesses all three websites in desktop Does not Does not
Quality not
or mobile with no problem. used used
Content used
6. In the Heading Tag aspect only
Exolanation:
Central Java is deemed not optimized,
: Does not used
because they did not use any Heading
: Used
Tag (h1=0) in their website.
Table 6 contains the information of
7. Based on the rating given by
which government website uses any
Website.grader.com regarding the
illegal methods to increase their results
SEO usage of each website, West and
in search engine result page, the
Central Java gained a perfect score of
following are each explanations:
30/30. But only Jakarta who gets a
1. Each website did not use the
imperfect score of 25/30 because they
Keyword Stuffing method, this
did not implement Meta Description.
means they did not use the same
keyword repeatedly.
Tabel 6. Black Hat Data Comparison
2. Also each website do not uses Paid
Using Smallseotools.com
Backlinks as their backlinks.
Jabar
Website Jakarta. Jatengpro 3. In the Comment Section Spamming,
prov.g
Aspect go.id v.go.id West Java is proven to use this
o.id
Does method to increase their ranking in
Keyword Does not Does not
not the search engine page. There are
Stuffing used used
used various poor quality website in their
Does backlink filled with other users
Paid Does not Does not
not promoting other website in the
Backlink used used
used comment section.
Comment 4. Link Farming method is used by 2
Does not Does not
Section Used
used used websites, they are West Java and
Spamming
Central Java. There are dozens of
Link Used Does not Used poor quality website they specifically
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created to be their backlink whilst suboptimal aspects in the White Hat
provide nothing related to the category, they are Meta Description
government activities, one website is and Meta Keyword. Meanwhile they
even titled “Super SEO 404”. also uses 1 of the Black Hat method,
5. Each websites also did not use any that is Link Farming.
Private Blog Networks in order to
increases their rating in the search Data analysis is done by using the
engine result page. questionnaire results to know each
6. Lastly, all three website’s content is websites usability based on three aspects
already filled with useful information that is View, Efficiency, and Satisfaction
regarding each region they hailed. the results then calculated by a Likert
Scale. Questionnaire then published to
Data Result 30 respondents through various social
Based on the White Hat and Black media platforms for 3 days started in
Hat data gathered and analyzed Saturday July 31st 2021 and ended in
mentioned above, here are the results: August 2nd 2021, table 7 shows the
1. West Java (jabarprov.go.id) has 3 average questionnaire result:
suboptimal aspects in the White Hat
category, they are Meta Description, Tabel 7. Website’s Average
Meta Keyword, and Heading Tag. Questionnaire Result
West Java’s website is also proven to No. Website Average (%)
use 2 Black Hat or illegal methods to 75.94 (Agree/
1. Jabarprov.go.id
increase their rating, they are Good)
Comment Section Spamming and 85.46 (Strongly
2. Jakarta.go.id
Link Farming. Agree/Superb)
2. Jakarta (jakartya.go.id) also has a Jatengprov.go.i 78.22 (Agree/
3.
suboptimal aspect in the White Hat d Good)
category it is Meta Description,
because they did not use it. In the
1. West Java obtained an average score
Black Hat category, Jakarta is proven
of 75.94% based on View, Efficiency
to not implement any illegal
and Satisfaction. West Java also has 3
methods.
answers that got a strongly agree
3. Central Java (jatengprov.go.id) has 2
score, they are: website already

12
provides the newest information about (jatengprov.go.id) by a longshot. This
their region with 80.%, website analysis conducted using tools provided by
appeared on top of the search engine similarweb.com, website.grader.com,
result with 83.3%, and lastly website smallseotools.com and to find out each
runs well and has no problems with website’s usability score, a questionnaire is
84%. published to 30 respondents which then
2. Jakarta obtained the highest score calculated by a Likert scale. Jakarta’s
amongst the two with the average website ranked 3.305th globally and 72nd
score of 85.46% with this score they Indonesia way above the other two, the
rated superb by the respondents. The traffic website is reached up to 10.27
highest aspect scored by Jakarta’s million visitors and has the smallest
website is in the good interface, bounce rate compared to the other two
attractive design, and provide the websites which are 43.64%. Jakarta did not
latest information about the city with obtain the maximum score on White Hat
each scored 88%. SEO ranking only scored 25/30, this
3. Lastly, Central Java obtained the happens because they do not use Meta
second highest score below Jakarta Description on their website, other than
with 78.22% rated good. They also that the Jakarta’s website got an optimal
have 3 highest aspect scored, they are: score in each categories. Jakarta also had
latest information about the region proven not to use any of the Black Hat
with 84.7%, appeared on top of the SEO’s illegal method to increase their
search engine result with 86%, and ranking in the search engine result page.
website runs well and has no problems Meanwhile on the other side of the
with 84.7% spectrum, website with the worst rating in
almost every category is West Java’s
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
website (jabarprov.go.id). In the White Hat
Conclusion SEO category there are three suboptimal
aspects, which are the usage of Meta
Based on the analysis that
Description, Meta Keyword and Heading
conducted with White hat SEO and Black
Tag. West Java’s website also proven to
hat SEO shows Jakarta’s website
have uses two illegal methods of Black Hat
(Jakarta.go.id) outclassed the other two
SEO to increase the ranking on the search
government websites in this case West
engine result page, two of them are
Java (jabarprov.go.id) and Central Java
13
Comment Section Spamming and Link [2] R.-W. Bello and F. N. Otobo,
“Conversion of Website Users to
Farming. Central Java’s website
Customers-The Black Hat SEO
(jatengprov.go.id) also proven to use one Technique,” Int. J. Adv. Res.
Comput. Sci. Softw. Eng., vol. 8,
of the illegal methods, that is Link
no. 6, p. 29, Jun. 2018, doi:
Farming. In the questionnaire section, 10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i6.714.
[3] R. A. Malaga, “Search Engine
Jakarta’s website also obtained the highest
Optimization—Black and White
average score based on Usability aspect Hat Approaches,” in Advances in
Computers, vol. 78, Elsevier, 2010,
that assessed website’s View, Efficiency,
pp. 1–39. doi: 10.1016/S0065-
and Satisfaction published to 30 2458(10)78001-3.
[4] “Novi Prisma Yunita, KONDISI
respondents with average score of 85.46%
TERKINI PERKEMBANGAN
followed by Central Java with 78.22% and PELAKSANAAN E-
GOVERNMENT DI
the lowest one is West Java with 75.94%
INDONESIA : ANALISIS
out of 100%. WEBSITE, 2018, ISSN: 2089-
9815.”
[5] “(Rahman Su, 2016))Buku Pintar
Suggestion SEO. Su Rahman PENERBIT PT
ELEX MEDIA
In the next study can implement the
KOMPUTINDO.pdf.”
other SEO method, Grey Hat SEO. A
method that did not violate any rules but
also not recommended by the search
engine, if proven the website that uses it
did not get any penalty. Another
suggestion would be a deeper research on
each government website’s backlink, this
study only analyzed the top backlinks with
high domain.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] W. Nurjaya Wk, “ANALISIS DAN
PENERAPAN SEARCH ENGINE
OPTIMIZATION PADA
WEBSITE MENGGUNAKAN
METODE WHITE HAT SEO
(STUDI KASUS DI
PT.SURYAPUTRA
ADIPRADANA),” p. 6, May 2018.

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