Different Parts Of

Camera
lens

The lens allows light into the camera and to the sensor,
allowing the camera to process the captured image. More basic
cameras have a permanently fixed lens, but DLSRs include a
removable lens.
Zoom Ring

As the name suggests, the zoom ring allows you to modify the
image’s zoom levels. Different lenses have different zoom
capabilities, but they all focus on changing the focal length, with a
longer focal length corresponding to a larger zoom.
Zoom rings are integrated into the lens, unless it is a prime lens.
Prime lenses have a static focal length, but usually offer better image
quality at this fixed focal length.
Focus Ring

The focus ring is another part of a DSLR camera that’s located on the lens,
usually towards the front. It allows you to modify the focal point for your
photo. When you have selected manual focus mode, the focus ring allows
you to move focus between the foreground and background of the scene
you are photographing.
Autofocus / Manual Focus Button

Besides the focus ring, some DSLR cameras include an autofocus or manual
focus switch or button, usually located on the lens. This function allows you to
choose how your camera will focus on the image.

With autofocus, or AF, selected the camera’s autofocus system will

automatically use its hardware and software to determine the correct focus.
Lens Release Button

If you want to change lenses, then all you need to do is

press the lens release button, and then you’ll have to rotate
the lens so you can remove it from the camera. You only
need to press it when you want to unmount the current lens.
Aperture

The aperture allows you can change the image’s exposure and the size of the focal plane.
It does so by modifying the diameter of the lens, allowing either more or less light to
reach the image sensor. You can read the aperture as f/stops (i.e., f/2.8).
In the days of early film cameras, many cameras had a fixed aperture lens. However,
cameras have evolved, and now most camera models include a range of apertures that
you can select, although this does tend to get more limited with larger zoom lenses.
Camera Body

The camera body contains the camera sensor and all of the software that handles
image creation, plus most of the buttons that you will use day-to-day in your
photography.

Camera bodies can vary in size, shape and weight based on the type and brand. For
example, it’s typical for pro-level DSLR cameras with long lenses to weigh about 5lbs
or more; therefore, you’ll need a bag to store them as they’re too big to fit in your
pocket, unlike compact cameras.
Sensor

The image sensor is one of the most important parts of a DSLR camera as it allows the device to
record light. It is located behind the lens and it has a rectangular shape.

Thanks to the sensor, the camera can record the light and transform it into the image you’ll later find
on your memory card. Also, like with other camera parts, the size depends on the brand and the
camera type, with sensor sizes ranging from APS-C to full frame in typical DSLRs, which are much
larger than the sensors usually found in budget cameras.
Mode Dial

The mode dial allows you to set the camera based on the shooting mode of your preference,
such as shutter priority or aperture priority. There are also program and manual models.
What is Shutter Speed?

Shutter speed is the length of time the camera shutter is open, exposing light onto the camera sensor.
Essentially, it’s how long your camera spends taking a photo. This has a few important effects on how your
images will appear.

When you use a long shutter speed (also known as a “slow” shutter speed), you end up exposing your
sensor for a significant period of time. The first big effect of it is motion blur. If your shutter speed is long,
moving subjects in your photo will appear blurred along the direction of motion. This effect is used quite
often in advertisements of cars and motorbikes, where a sense of speed and motion is communicated to
the viewer by intentionally blurring the moving wheels.
ISO

In very basic terms, ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As
you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter. For that
reason, ISO can help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about
your aperture and shutter speed settings.

However, raising your ISO has consequences. A photo taken at too high of an ISO will show
a lot of grain, also known as noise, and might not be usable. So, brightening a photo via
ISO is always a trade-off. You should only raise your ISO when you are unable to brighten
the photo via shutter speed or aperture instead (for example, if using a longer shutter
speed would cause your subject to be blurry).
Depth of Focus

Depth of focus refers to the space between the lens and the image sensor where the image being
filmed will appear in focus to the human eye. If an image sensor is too close or too far from the
lens, it is outside of the depth of focus and the photograph or footage will look blurry.
Depth of Focus Components

Image sensor

Lens

Focus
Depth OF Field
Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo
that appears acceptably sharp. Now your camera can only focus sharply at one
point. But the transition from sharp to unsharp is gradual, and the term ‘acceptably
sharp’ is a loose one! Without getting too technical, how you will be viewing the
image, and at what size you will be looking at it are factors that contribute to how
acceptably sharp an image is. It also depends on how good your vision is!
Light Metering system

If you point your camera at a very bright area, the bars will go to “+” side, indicating
that there is too much light for the current exposure settings. If you point your
camera at a very dark area, the bars will go to the “-” side, indicating that there is not
enough light. You would then need to increase or decrease your shutter speed to get
to “0”, which is the optimal exposure, according to your camera meter.
Type of lenses
Prime lenses

Primes have a fixed lens focal length, making them faster

and sharper. While prime lenses are less flexible due to the
fixed focal length, they are also fast and lightweight,
making them easy to travel with
Zoom lenses

Zooms use a series of lenses to allow different focal lengths

from a single lens, making them more flexible but not as fast.
They contain more glass, which aids in their flexibility, but
they also tend to be bigger and heavier than prime
lenses.Within both prime and zoom types of lenses, there are
a variety of lenses, all with different focal lengths.
a. Macro Lenses

This type of camera lens is used to create very close-up, macro photographs. They have a unique design that allows
them to produce sharp images at extremely close range. These lenses are great for nature photography, enabling
you to capture an enormous amount of detail in one image.

b. Telephoto Lenses

Telephoto lenses are a type of zoom lens with multiple focal points. These types of lenses are great for isolating a
subject that is far away. However, such great magnification comes at the price of a narrower field of view. In the
same way that you would use a telescope to look at stars and planets, a telephoto lens is used for focusing in on
distant objects. Many sports photographers use telephoto lenses to provide a sense of intimacy with the subjects on
the field (the players) while standing on the sidelines or in the bleachers. There are many different types of
telephoto lenses, and some can be quite large, heavy, and expensive, so take some time in choosing the right
telephoto lens.

c. Wide Angle Lenses

Wide angle lenses are ideal for fitting a large area into your frame. This is especially useful for landscape
photography or street photography. With wide angle lenses, almost everything is in focus, unless your subject is
very close to the lens.
Standard Lenses

Standard lenses can be used for a variety of different types of

photography. Their focal lengths fall somewhere in the middle,
usually between 35mm and 85mm. A zoom lens within this range
will have a small enough focal length at the bottom end to take a
wider angle, full-frame photo, and a large enough focal length at
the top end to zoom in on subjects.
Specialty Lenses

Finally, there are some more specialized camera lenses that can
impart a unique look and feel to your photographs. There are
several types of specialty camera lenses, but a few of the most
prominent examples are:
a. Fisheye lens. A fisheye lens is an ultra-wide-angle lens that can take in a
full 180 degree radius around it. Fisheye lenses are so named because they
distort an image’s field of view, making even a room in a house look like a
bubble.

b. Tilt shift lens. A tilt shift lens distorts perspective, making things look
smaller than they really are—almost as if they are toys.

c. Infrared lens. These lenses play with light rather than perspective,
filtering out all light waves except infrared for a unique visual effect.
You are Ready For Exams!