© Mathswatch Clip 135a Standard Form Basics

1) Change the following to normal (or ordinary) numbers.

a) 4.3 × 104 c) 7.03 × 103 e) 1.01 × 104

b) 6.79 × 106 d) 9.2034 × 102 f) 4 × 105

2) Change the following to normal (or ordinary) numbers.

a) 4.3 × 10-4 c) 7.03 × 10-3 e) 1.01 × 10-4

b) 6.79 × 10-6 d) 9.2034 × 10-2 f) 4 × 10-5

3) Change the following to standard form.

a) 360 c) 520 000 e) 1 003

b) 8 900 d) 62 835 f) 6 450 000

4) Change the following to standard form.

a) 0.71 c) 0.00076 e) 0.00009

b) 0.0008 d) 0.0928 f) 0.00000173

5) Work out the following, giving your answer in standard form.

a) 3 000 × 5 000 d) 5 × 4 × 103 g) 7 × 102 × 3 × 10-4

4
b) 240 × 0.0002 e) 8 × 10 h) 2 × 3.6 × 10-5
4 × 102

c) 9 × 1.1 × 107 f) 9 × 102 × 2 × 10-5 i) 6 × 4.1 × 103

Page 128A
© Mathswatch Clip 135b Standard Form Calculation

1) Work out the following, giving your answer in standard form.

3
a) (6 × 102) × (8 × 104) c) 3 × 10-5
6 × 10
b) (2 × 105) + (3 × 104) d) (9.2 × 105) ÷ (2 × 102)

2) A spaceship travelled for 5 × 103 hours at a speed of 9 × 104 km/h.

a) Work out the distance travelled by the spaceship.
Give your answer in standard form.

Another spaceship travelled a distance of 2 × 107 km, last month.

This month it has travelled 5 × 106 km.
b) Work out the total distance travelled by the spaceship over these past two months.
Give your answer as a normal (or ordinary) number.

3) Work out the following, giving your answer in standard form,

correct to 2 significant figures.
5
a) 2.6 × 103 × 4.3 × 104 c) 9.435 × 103
3.28 × 10

b) (7.5 × 105) × (1.9 × 10-2) d) 5.98 × 108

6.14 × 10-2

4) Work out the following, giving your answer in standard form

correct to 3 significant figures.

5.76 × 107 + 3.89 × 109 3 × 108 × 2 × 107

a) c)
7.18 × 10-2 3 × 108 + 2 × 107
7.2 × 10-2 – 5.4 × 10-1 3 × 3.2 × 1012 × 1.5 × 1012
b) d)
9.25 × 10-7 3.2 × 1012 – 1.5 × 1012

5) A microsecond is 0.000 001 seconds.

a) Write the number 0.000 001 in standard form.

A computer does a calculation in 3 microseconds.

b) How many of these calculations can the computer do in 1 second?
Give your answer in standard form, correct to 3 significant figures.

6) 340 000 tomato seeds weigh 1 gram.

Each tomato seed weighs the same.
a) Write the number 340 000 in standard form.

b) Calculate the weight, in grams, of one tomato seed.

Give your answer in standard form, correct to 2 significant figures.

Page 128B
© Mathswatch Clip 136 Percentage Increase and Decrease

1) A car dealer is comparing his sales over the past two years.
In 2006, he sold 175 cars.
In 2007, he sold 196 cars.
Work out the percentage increase in the number of cars sold.

2) In September 2005, the number of pupils attending MathsWatch College was 1352.
In September 2006, the number of pupils attending MathsWatch College was 1014.
Work out the percentage decrease in the number of pupils attending MathsWatch College.

3) The usual price of a shirt is £32.50

In a sale, the shirt is reduced to £29.25
What is the percentage reduction?

4) Olivia opened an account with £750 at the MathsWatch Bank.

After one year, the bank paid her interest.
She then had £795 in her account.
Work out, as a percentage, MathsWatch Bank’s interest rate.

5) Ken buys a house for £270 000 and sells it two years later for £300 000.
What is his percentage profit?
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

6) Shelley bought some items at a car boot sale and then sold them on ebay.
Work out the percentage profit or loss she made on each of these items.
a) Trainers bought for £15, sold for £20
b) DVD recorder bought for £42, sold for £60.90
c) Gold necklace bought for £90, sold for £78.30
d) A DVD collection bought for £120, sold for £81.60

Page 129
© Mathswatch Clip 137 Compound Interest/Depreciation

1) Henry places £6000 in an account which pays 4.6% compound

interest each year.
Calculate the amount in his account after 2 years.

2) Sarah puts £8600 in a bank. The bank pays compound interest of

3.8% per year.
Calculate the amount Sarah has in her account after 4 years.

3) Mary deposits £10000 in an account which pays 5.6% compound

interest per year.
How much will Mary have in her account after 5 years?

4) Susan places £7900 in an account which pays 2.4% compound

interest per year.
How much interest does she earn in 3 years?

5) Harry puts money into an account which pays 6% compound

interest per year.
If he puts £23000 in the account for 5 years how much interest
will he earn altogether?

6) Laura buys a new car for £14600.

The annual rate of depreciation is 23%.
How much is the car worth after 3 years?

7) The rate of depreciation of a particular brand of computer is 65%

per year. If the cost of the computer when new is £650 how much
is it worth after 2 years?

8) Sharon pays £3500 for a secondhand car.

The annual rate of depreciation of the car is 24%
How much will it be worth four years after she has bought it?

9) Dave places £17000 in an account which pays 4% compound

interest per year.
How many years will it take before he has £19122.68 in
the bank?

10) A new motorbike costs £8900.

The annual rate of depreciation is 18% per year.
After how many years will it be worth £2705.66?

Page 130
© Mathswatch Clip 138 Reverse Percentages

1) In a sale, normal prices are reduced by 20%.

The sale price of a shirt is £26
Calculate the normal price of the shirt.

2) A car dealer offers a discount of 15% off the normal price of a car for cash.
Emma pays £6120 cash for a car.
Calculate the normal price of the car.

3) In a sale, normal prices are reduced by 13%.

The sale price of a DVD recorder is £108.75
Calculate the normal price of the DVD recorder.

4) A salesman gets a basic wage of £160 per week plus a commision of 30%
of the sales he makes that week.
In one week his total wage was £640
Work out the value of the sales he made that week.

5) Jason opened an account at MathsWatch Bank.

MathsWatch Bank’s interest rate was 4%.
After one year, the bank paid him interest.
The total amount in his account was then £1976
Work out the amount with which Jason opened his account

6) Jonathan’s weekly pay this year is £960.

This is 20% more than his weekly pay last year.
Tess says “This means Jonathan’s weekly pay last year was £768”.
Tess is wrong.
a) Explain why
b) Work out Jonathan’s weekly pay last year.

7) The price of all rail season tickets to London increased by 4%.

a) The price of a rail season ticket from Oxford to London increased by £122.40
Work out the price before this increase.
b) After the increase, the price of a rail season ticket from Newport to London was £2932.80
Work out the price before this increase.

Page 131
© Mathswatch Clip 139 Four Rules of Fractions

Work out

2 1 2 3 2 3
1) + 11) × 21) ×
3 5 3 4 5 7

2 3 11 5 2 3
2) 13 + 2 4 12) − 22) 53 − 2 4
12 6

2 3 3 1 2
2 2 + 13
1
3) + 13) 24 ÷ 23)
5 8 5

3 1 2 1 2 3
4) + 14) 2 3 × 14 24) 15 + 2 7
4 6

2 3 1 3 3 1
5) 3 5 − 14 15) + 25) 3 4 + 112
3 5

4 2 1 1 1 5
6) × 16) 1− ( + ) 26) 12 2 ÷
5 9 2 6 8

3 1 1 3 3 3
7) 14 4 − 112 17) 1− ( + ) 27) 1− ( + )
5 8 10 5

9 3 1 1 5
2 3 × 32
1
8) − 18) 28) 64 ÷
10 7 12

4 12 4 1 1 2
9) ÷ 19) + 29) 23 ×
9 18 7 3 5

7 5 1 3 2 1
10) × 20) 33 + 2 4 30) 1− ( + )
10 8 3 5

Page 132
© Mathswatch Clip 140 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factorising

1) Factorise and solve the following equations:

a) x2 + 5x + 6 = 0

b) x2 + 9x + 20 = 0

c) x2 + x – 6 = 0

d) x2 + 5x – 24 = 0

e) x2 – 6x + 8 = 0

f) x2 – 3x – 28 = 0

g) 2x2 + 7x + 3 = 0

h) 6x2 + 11x + 3 = 0

i) 3x2 + 13x – 10 = 0

j) 3x2 – 34x + 63 = 0

2) Lucy said that -1 is the only solution of x that satisfies the equation
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0

Was Lucy correct?

Show working to justify your answer

3) Ben said that -5 is the only solution of x that satisfies the equation
x2 + 10x + 25 = 0

Was Ben correct?

Show working to justify your answer

Page 133
© Mathswatch Clip 141 Difference of Two Squares

x2 – y2 = (x – y)(x + y)

1) Factorise
1
a) x2 – 16 c) y2 – 9 e) x2 –
4

1
b) a2 – b2 d) x2 – 1 f) x2 –
9

2) Factorise

a) x2 – 4y2 c) 9x2 – 16y2 e) 4x2 – 25y2

1 2 1 2
b) 9a2 – b2 d) x – y2 f) x2 – y
4 9

3) Simplify

y −4
2
5
a) ×
y +2 y +5

3 4x2 − 1
b) 2 x + 1 × x − 2

12 x + 8 x
2

c)
9x − 4
2

25a − 16b
2 2

d)
10ab − 8b
2

4) Solve

a) 4x2 – 16 = 0 c) 49x2 = 121

b) 25x2 = 1 d) 9x2 – 9 = 7

Page 134
© Mathswatch Clip 142 Simultaneous Linear Equations

1) Solve
4x + 3y = 6
5x – 3y = 21

2) Solve
4x + 3y = 19
3x – 5y = 7

3) Solve
3x + 5y = 13
2x + 3y = 8

4) Solve
x + 4y = 5
4x – 2y = 11

5) Solve
2a + b = 3
4a – 5b = 20

6) Solve
5x + 3y = 4
3x + 4y = 9

7) Solve
6x – 2y = 13
2x + 3y = -3

8) Solve
3a – 2b = 14
4a + 3b = 13

9) Solve
5x + 4y = 5
2x + 7y = 29

10) Solve
6x – 4y = 39
2x + y = 6

Page 135
© Mathswatch Clip 143 Understand y = mx + c
gradient cuts the y-axis

1) a) Find the equation of line A.

b) Draw the line B, with equation y = x – 1.
c) Draw the line C, with equation y = 1 – 2x.
y
A
2

x
-1 -0.5 O 0.5 1 1.5 2

-1

-2

2) A straight line passes through points (0, 4) and (3, 13).

What is its equation?

3) A straight line passes through points (0, 7) and (2, -1).

What is its equation?

4) A straight line is parallel to y = 3x – 2 and goes

through (1, 8).
What is its equation?

5) A straight line is parallel to y = 2x + 5 and goes

through (5, 6).
What is its equation?
B (1, 6)
6) A is the point (-1, 2).
B is the point (1, 6).
C is the point (0, -1). A (-1, 2)
Find the equation of the line which passes through C
and is parallel to AB. C (0, -1)

Page 136
© Mathswatch Clip 144 Regions

1) On the grid below, draw straight lines and use shading to show the region R that
satisfies the inequalities x > 1 y>x x+y<7
y

x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2) On the grid below, draw straight lines and use shading to show the region R that
satisfies the inequalities y>x+1 y<5 x>1
y

x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Page 137
© Mathswatch Clip 145 Cubic and Reciprocal Functions
y
8
1) a) Complete this table of values for
6
y = x3 + x – 4
4
x –2 –1 0 1 2
2
y –14 –2
x
-2 -1 O 1 2
-2
b) On the grid, draw the graph of
y = x3 + x – 4 -4
c) Use the graph to find the value
-6
of x when y = 2
-8

-10

-12

-14

12
2) a) Complete this table of values for
y = x3 + 2x

x –2 –1 0 1 2 8

y –12 0

b) On the grid, draw the graph of

y = x3 + 2x
-2 -1 O 1 2
c) Use the graph to find the value
of x when y = -6

-4
1
3) Sketch the graph of y = 1 + x
in your book.
-8

-12
Page 138
© Mathswatch Clip 146 Recognise the Shapes of Functions

Match each of the functions below, with the correct sketch of its graph.
y = 3x3 y = -2x y = 3x – 1 y = 2x

y = 2x2 + 1 y = 2x y = 5x – x3 y = -2x3

Page 139
© Mathswatch Clip 147a/b Trigonometry
Q
1) PQR is a right-angled triangle.
PR = 11 cm.
QR = 4.5 cm 4.5 cm
Angle PRQ = 90°

Work out the value of x. x°

P R
Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. 11 cm

A
2) AC = 14 cm.
Angle ABC = 90°
Angle ACB = 34° 14 cm

Calculate the length of BC.

Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures. 34°
B C

Q
3) PQR is a right-angled triangle.
PQ = 18 cm.
18 cm
QR = 8.4 cm 8.4 cm
Angle PRQ = 90°

Work out the value of x. x°

Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. P R

4) AB = 23 cm. A
Angle ABC = 90°
Angle ACB = 21°
23 cm
Calculate the length of AC.
Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures. 21°
B C

5) A lighthouse, L, is 3.4 km due West of a port, P. N

A ship, S, is 1.8 km due North of the lighthouse, L.

Calculate the size of the angle marked x. S

Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

1.8 km N

x
L P
3.4 km
Page 140A
© Mathswatch Clip 147c Bearings by Trigonometry

1) Crowdace

N Diagram NOT
accurately drawn.

7.6 km

Appleby 9.8 km Brompton

Appleby, Brompton and Crowdace are three towns.

Appleby is 9.8 km due west of Brompton.
Brompton is 7.6 km due south of Crowdace.
a) Calculate the bearing of Crowdace from Appleby.
Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.

b) Calculate the bearing of Appleby from Crowdace.

Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.

2) Froncham

Diagram NOT
accurately drawn.

Denton 12.3 km Egleby

Denton, Egleby and Froncham are three towns.

Egleby is 12.3 km due East of Denton.
Froncham is due north of Denton and on a bearing of 320° from Egleby.
Calculate the distance between Froncham and Egleby.
Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.

Page 140B
© Mathswatch Clip 148 3-D Coordinates

1) A cuboid lies on the coordinate axes.

U P

O x
T
R
S
z

The point Q has coordinates (5, 3, 4)

a) Write down the coordinates of the point P

b) Write down the coordinates of the point T
c) Write down the coordinates of the point S
d) Write down the coordinates of the point R
e) Write down the coordinates of the point U

2) A cuboid lies on the coordinate axes.

y

A P B

z
Point P lies half way between A and B and has coordinates (3, 4, 5)

a) Write down the coordinates of B.

b) Write down the coordinates of C.

Page 141
© Mathswatch Clip 149 Similar Shapes
A
1) BE is parallel to CD.
AB = 12 cm, BC = 3 cm, CD = 7 cm, AE = 8 cm.

a) Calculate the length of ED.

b) Calculate the length of BE. 12 cm

8 cm

B E
3 cm Diagram NOT
accurately drawn.

C 7 cm D

2)
Diagram NOT
accurately drawn.

B
A

Two prisms, A and B, are mathematically similar.

The volume of prism A is 36000 cm3.
The volume of prism B is 383328 cm3.
The total surface area of prism B is 40656 cm2.

Calculate the total surface area of prism A.

3) P and Q are two geometrically similar solid shapes.

The total surface area of shape P is 540 cm2.
The total surface area of shape Q is 960 cm2.
The volume of shape P is 2700 cm3.

Calculate the volume of shape Q.

Page 142
© Mathswatch Clip 150 Circle Theorems
B
Diagram NOT
1) In the diagram, A, B and C are points accurately drawn
on the circumference of a circle, centre O.
PA and PB are tangents to the circle.
Angle ACB = 72°. O P
C 72°
a) (i) Work out the size of angle AOB.
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
A
b) Work out the size of angle APB.

R
2) P, Q, R and S are points on the circle. Diagram NOT
PQ is a diameter of the circle. S accurately drawn
Angle RPQ = 32°. b

a) (i) Work out the size of angle PQR. 32° a

P Q
(ii) Give reasons for your answer.

b) (i) Work out the size of angle PSR.

(ii) Give a reason for your answer.

3) The diagram shows a circle, centre O. Diagram NOT

AC is a diameter. B accurately drawn
Angle BAC = 31°.
D is a point on AC such that angle BDA
is a right angle.
31°
A C
a) Work out the size of angle BCA. O D
Give reasons for your answer.

b) Calculate the size of angle DBC.

c) Calculate the size of angle BOA.

4) A, B, C and D are four points on the circumference of a circle. A

ABE and DCE are straight lines.
Diagram NOT
Angle BAC = 21°. Angle EBC = 58°. 21° accurately drawn
B
a) Find the size of angle ADC.
58°
b) Find the size of angle ADB.

Angle CAD = 69°. D C E

c) Is BD a diameter of the circle?
You must explain your answer.

Page 143A
© Mathswatch Clip 150 Circle Theorems
1) a = ____ 2) b = ____ 3) c = ____

a
46°

O b O O
c
88° 46°

4) d = ____ 5) e = ____ f = ____ 6) g = ____

39°
23° e
85°
f g
O O O

d 41°

7) h = ____ 8) i = ____ 9) j = ____ k = ____

h
k
36°
O
O i O

10) l = ____ m = ____ 11) n = ____ p = ____ q = ____ 12) r = ____ s = ____

m p q 54°
s
100° 18°
n O O
O 114°
12°
r
l 102°

Page 143B
© Mathswatch Clip 150 Circle Theorems
1) a = ____ b = ____ 2) c = ____ d = ____ 3) e = ____ f = ____

98°

88°
a
125°
O O O
d
109° e f
c
113° 120°
b

4) g = ____ h = ____ 5) i = ____ 6) j = ____

85° 102°
g

O O O
88°

i
h
j
100°

7) k = ____ l = ____ m = ____ 8) n = ____ p = ____ q = ____ 9) r = ____ s = ____

m 34° p 110°
k
O
O 21° O
l

n r
q 40° s
134°

10) t = ____ 11) u = ____ 12) v = ____ w = ____

u 30°
O
O O v
25° 55°

48°
w

Page 143C
© Mathswatch Clip 150 Circle Theorems
1) a = ____ 2) b = ____ c = ____ 3) d = ____ e = ____

e 28°
b

O O O
a

64° 63° 88°

51°

4) f = ____ g = ____ 5) h = ____ i = ____ 6) j = ____ k = ____ l = ____ m = ____

40°
g

O O 50° O

m
k j
h 65° l
78°

7) n = ____ 8) p = ____ q = ____

9) r = ____ s = ____ t = ____

162°
O O q O 40° t
s

n p
76°

10) u = ____ v = ____ w = ____

11) x = ____ y = ____ z = ____

81° v

O 34°
O
x

u
w y z

Page 143D
© Mathswatch Clip 151 Cumulative Frequency
The heights of 80 plants were measured and can be seen
in the table, below.
a) Complete the cumulative
Height (cm) Frequency frequency table for the plants.
0 < h < 10 2
Height (cm) Cumulative Frequency
10 < h < 20 5
0 < h < 10 2
20 < h < 30 19
0 < h < 20
30 < h < 40 38
0 < h < 30
40 < h < 50 13
0 < h < 40
50 < h < 60 3
0 < h < 50

0 < h < 60
CF
80
b) Draw a cumulative frequency
graph for your table.

70

c) Use your graph to find an

estimate for
60
(i) the median height of a plant.

(ii) the interquartile range of the

heights of the plants.
50

d) Use your graph to estimate

how many plants had a height
40
that was greater than 45cm.

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Height (cm)
Page 144
© Mathswatch Clip 152 Box Plots

1) The ages of 20 teachers are listed below.

22, 22, 24, 25, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29, 29, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 49, 55, 57, 58, 58

a) On the grid below, draw a boxplot to show the information about the teachers.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

b) What is the interquartile range of the ages of the teachers?

2) A warehouse has 60 employees working in it.

The age of the youngest employee is 16 years.

The age of the oldest employee is 55 years.

The median age is 37 years.

The lower quartile age is 29 years.
The upper quartile age is 43 years.

On the grid below, draw a boxplot to show information about the ages of the employees.

10 20 30 40 50 60

Page 145
© Mathswatch Clip 153 Simple Tree Diagrams

1) Lucy throws a biased dice twice.

Complete the probability tree diagram to show the outcomes.
Label clearly the branches of the tree diagram.

1st Throw 2nd Throw

2 Six
6

.....
Not
Six

2) A bag contains 10 coloured balls.

7 of the balls are blue and 3 of the balls are green.
Nathan is going to take a ball, replace it, and then take a second ball.
a) Complete the tree diagram.

1st Ball 2nd Ball

..... Blue
Blue
..... ..... Green

..... ..... Blue

Green
..... Green

b) Work out the probability that Nathan will take two blue balls.

c) Work out the probability that Nathan will take one of each coloured balls.

d) Work out the probability that Nathan will take two balls of the same colour.

Page 146
© Mathswatch Clip 154 Harder Tree Diagrams

1) A bag contains 7 green and 3 yellow balls.

A ball is taken from the bag at random and replaced.
Another ball is taken from the bag at random.
a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possibilities.
b) What is the probability that both balls are different colours?

2) A bag contains 7 green and 3 yellow balls.

A ball is taken from the bag at random and not replaced.
Another ball is taken from the bag at random.
a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possibilities.
b) What is the probability that both balls are different colours?

3) A box contains 5 red counters and 3 blue counters.

A counter is taken from the box at random and not replaced.
Another counter is taken at random.
a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possibilities.
b) What is the probability of choosing at least one blue counter?
c) What is the probability of choosing two counters of the
same colour?
d) What is the probability of choosing two counters of
different colours?

4*) A box contains 4 red counters and 3 blue counters.

A counter is taken from the box at random and not replaced.
A second counter is taken from the box at random and not replaced.
A third counter is taken from the box.
a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possibilities.
b) What is the probability that all three counters are the same colour?
c) What is the probability that exactly two of the counters are red?

*This is harder than a standard GCSE question.

Be very neat with your tree diagram.

Page 147