Analog Filters Using MATLAB
Analog Filters Using MATLAB
Lars Wanhammar
13
Lars Wanhammar
Department of Electrical Engineering
Division of Electronics Systems
Linköping University
SE-581 83 Linköping
Sweden
[email protected]
This book was written for use in a course at Linköping University and to aid the
electrical engineer to understand and design analog filters. Most of the advanced
mathematics required for the synthesis of analog filters has been avoided by
providing a set of MATLAB functions that allows sophisticated filters to be
designed. Most of these functions can easily be converted to run under Octave as
well.
The first chapter gives an overview of filter technologies, terminology,
and basic concepts. Approximation of common frequency selective filters
and some more advanced approximations are discussed in Chapter 2. The
reader is recommended to compare the standard approximation with
respect to the group delay, e.g., Example 2.5, and learn to use the corre-
sponding MATLAB functions. Geometrically symmetric frequency trans-
formations are discussed as well as more general synthesis using MATLAB
functions.
Chapter 3 deals with passive LC filters with lumped elements. The
reader may believe that this is an outdated technology. However, it is
still being used and more importantly the theory behind all advanced filter
structures is based on passive LC filters. This is also the case for digital
and switched-capacitor filters. The reader is strongly recommended to
carefully study the principle of maximum power transfer, sensitivity to
element errors, and the implications of Equation (3.26). MATLAB func-
tions are used for the synthesis of ladder and lattice structures. Chapter 4
deals with passive filters with distributed elements. These are useful for
very high-frequency applications, but also in the design of corresponding
wave digital filters.
In Chapter 5, basic circuit elements and their description as one-, two-, and
three-ports are discussed.
Chapter 6 discusses first- and second-order sections using single and
multiple amplifiers. The reader is recommended to study the implication
of the gain-sensitivity product and the two-integrator loop. Chapter 7 dis-
cusses coupled forms and signal scaling, and Chapter 8 discusses various
methods for immitance simulation. Wave active filters are discussed in
v
vi Preface
Chapter 9 and leapfrog filters in Chapter 10. Finally, tuning techniques are
discussed in Chapter 11.
Text with a smaller font is either solved examples or material that the reader
may skip over without losing the main points.
Linköping
Sweden Lars Wanhammar
Contents
vii
viii Contents
The solutions manual for the book can be found on the author’s webpage at
http://www.es.isy.liu.se/publications/books/Analog Filters Using MATLAB/.
Supplementary information can also be found on the author’s webpage.
xv