SHS

Earth & Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 20:
Reproduction for Success in
Conservation
Earth & Life Science – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2– Module 20: Reproduction for Success in Conservation
First Edition, 2020

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SHS

Earth & Life Science

Quarter 2– Module 20:
Reproduction for Success in
Conservation
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Earth & Life Science – Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module about the different ways on how representative animals
reproduce!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st-century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the
learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:
Welcome to the Earth & Life Science – Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module about the different ways on how representative animals
reproduce!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.

3
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real-life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task that aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
to the retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

4
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
learn the different ways of how representative animals reproduce. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Describe the different ways of how representative animals reproduce
(MELCs).
Specifically, you will identify and describe the two different types of
reproduction.

5
What I Know

Read each item carefully. Select the best answer and write only the
letter of your choice on a separate piece of paper.

1. Which process describes new “offspring” being produced from their

parents?
a. respiration
b. reproduction
c. metamorphosis
d. parthenogenesis

2. How do you describe the offspring asexually reproduced by an organism?

a. different from their parents
b. like a combination from both parents
c. identical to parents
d. a different species

3. How many parents does asexual reproduction involve?

a. one c. three
b. two d. four

4. Which of the following is true about sexual reproduction?

a. genetically identical offspring is produced
b. only one parent is involved in the process
c. it puts animals at an evolutionary disadvantage in terms of
variation
d. it involves the exchange of genetic material between two individuals

5. What is the disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

a. the disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population
b. species can adapt to new environments
c. the offspring produces genetic variation
d. fewer offspring are typically produced

6. Which of the following describes the main advantage of sexual

reproduction?
a. requires lots of time/energy
b. provide genetic diversity
c. no new gene will arise
d. looks identical to the parent

7. What is the general term of a sex cell (egg or sperm)?

a. zygote c. gene
b. offspring d. gamete

6
8. What kind of asexual reproduction where some parts of an animal
regrow? (Example: hydra and crabs)
a. binary fission c. budding
b. regeneration d. fragmentation

9. Which is an example of sexual reproduction?

a. butterflies receive nectar when they deposit pollen on the flower
b. cutting off the arm of a starfish
c. yeast producing identical cells
d. dolphins laying eggs

10. In external fertilization, where do the egg and sperm cells unite?
a. environment c. body or womb
b. ovary d. fallopian tube

11. In internal fertilization, where do the egg and sperm cells unite?
a. environment c. body or womb
b. ovary d. fallopian tube

12. What kind of asexual reproduction is where some parts of the organism
undergo detachment and regrow to become a whole new organism.
a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission

13. What kind of asexual reproduction is used by amoeba and bacteria?

a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission

14. What kind of asexual reproduction is used by hydra?

a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission

15. What kind of asexual reproduction is used by planaria and earthworms?

a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission

7
Lesson
Reproduction for Success in
20 Conservation

Reproduction is a process by which living organisms produce another

one of their kind and it also plays a vital process in every animal to continue
its race. Thus, all living organisms reproduce to succeed in conserving life
here on earth. Without it, life will not exist.
The different ways of how living organisms reproduce shall be discussed
in detail in the succeeding activities of this module.

What’s In

Before we proceed further, it is important to look back on your previous

lessons that are in some ways related to this topic of reproduction. These
lessons were taken from your lower science classes and have a connection to
this present topic.

So, are you ready? Let’s begin!

Fill in the crossword puzzle using the clues given.

Notes to the Teacher

The tasks printed in this module will not be accomplished by
the learner here. Hence, a separate paper for the answers
may be used by him/her.
What I Know!
The terms used in the crossword puzzle will activate your learning
about animal reproduction. You will know later that these concepts provide
some basic foundation of the current topic you are going to discuss.

What’s New

Read the 4-stanza poem below and identify the two types of animal
reproduction described in each stanza. Identify also the key factor(s) on the
different ways on how animals reproduce as described in each stanza.
Summarize your answers in the table given after the poem.

Okay! Let’s begin!

Replication

Faster than the ray of the sun

As quick as the blink of an eye

I
Can multiply several times

Cannot survive in undesirable ambiance.

Fusion undergoes cell division

Through the process, an individual grows.

II
Some animals bare their offspring

But there are species where cells join outside their bodies.

Single-origin divides into numbers

One or two bloom, equal is our name.

III
A parent breaks off like the prior

New identical species sprout and grow.

There is another with two origins

One is sperm and the other is the ovum.

IV
The aftermath of the crucial process

Flora and fauna can be reproduced.

Stanza Different Types of Key Factor/s

Reproduction

I Asexual Faster, quick can multiply several times

II

III

IV

What is It

Once organisms reach adulthood, they can reproduce and transfer their
genetic information to their offspring. Animals engage in behaviors that
increase their chances of reproduction. Some animals produce a lot of
offspring and some produce few. No matter how they reproduce, all animals
share some common reproductive behaviors. Organisms adapt the strategy
that is best for them to make sure that their genes are passed on to future
generations. For example, animals produce sounds that are significant in
their reproduction. Thus, this characteristic plays an essential feature in
some living organisms so that life will continue to exist here on earth. How
do different animals ensure the continuity of species? There are two types
of reproduction that exist in living organisms: asexual and sexual
reproduction. The term asexual reproduction is common among the lower
form of animals while sexual reproduction can be found in more complex
animals.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION. This type of reproduction does not need
two parents to produce an individual. Therefore, the offspring produced is the
exact copy of their parent. The most common forms are fission,
fragmentation, and budding.

Fission. This refers to a type

of asexual reproduction wherein
two individuals will form as the
parent divides in half. The
illustration shows a sea anemone
undergoing fission. Sea anemone is
a marine predatory animal of the
phylum Cnidaria. They are named
after a terrestrial flower, having a
basic radial symmetry with tentacles that surround their mouth opening.
Other examples of organisms that undergo fission are amoeba,
paramecium, and euglena.

Fragmentation. The
breaking of body parts into
fragments is always followed by
regeneration and regrowth of lost
parts. Even if the animal is broken
into many pieces, each piece will
grow into a new individual.
Planarians, as shown in the
illustration, as well as sponges,
bristle worms, and sea squirts
reproduce by fragmentation. Planarian is a free-living flatworm of the
phylum Platyhelminthes.
Budding. It is a process
when an outgrowth called a bud
grows and develops from the
parent animal and would
eventually separate to become a
new individual. This type of
reproduction is common in
certain species of coral and hydra.
As shown in the illustration hydra
undergo a budding process. Hydra is a genus of small, fresh-water
organisms of class Hydrozoa.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. This type of reproduction needs two

parents from male and female parents to produce offspring. The
combination of the genes from both parents increases the chances of species
variation. Therefore, species extinction is highly unlikely. Fertilization, the
union of egg and sperm cells, could happen internally or externally.

External fertilization. It
is the union of egg and sperm
cells outside the female
reproductive tract. This is
common among most species of
bony fish and amphibians. As
shown in the illustration, the
clasping (mating embrace of
some amphibians in which the
male takes a position on the
back of the female and tightly grasps onto the female) of the male frog
induces the female to release eggs, over which the male releases his sperm.
Most eggs of the amphibians develop in the water but others carry them on
their back like Suriname toad (Pipa pipa) or in their vocal sacs like Darwin’s
frog (Rhinoderma darwinii).

Internal fertilization. This refers to the union of egg and sperm cells
within the female reproductive tract. Animals that undergo this type of
reproduction produce offspring in any of the following ways: oviparity
ovoviviparity and viviparity.
Oviparity Internal
Fertilization. After the eggs are
fertilized internally, it would
complete its development outside
the mother’s body. The egg would
receive its nourishment through
its yolk. This is found in some
bony fish, most reptiles, some
amphibians, all birds, and a few
mammals (they are monotremes).
Organisms that undergo this type are called oviparous.

Ovoviviparity Internal
Fertilization. The eggs are also
fertilized internally and receive
nourishment through their yolk.
However, eggs will complete their
development within the mother’s
womb. The egg hatched inside the
mother’s womb when fully
developed and giving birth to a
live-bearing animal.
This is common in some bony fish (including mollies, guppies, and
mosquito fish), some cartilaginous fish, and many reptiles. These animals
are described as ovoviviparous.

Viviparity Internal
Fertilization. The eggs are
developed internally and receive
nourishment directly from the
mother’s blood through the
placenta rather than from the yolk.
This can be found in most
cartilaginous fish (including lemon
sharks) some amphibians, a few
reptiles, and almost all mammals including humans and pigs as seen in the
picture. Animals that undergo this type are described are viviparous.
What’s More

Activity: Picture Identification

Examine the pictures below. Identify whether the given animal
undergoes asexual or sexual reproduction and describe the process. Copy the
format of the activity table on a separate paper and write your answers. The
first one is already done for you.
Ready! Let’s do it!

Clownfish Bacteria

Sea star
Crocodile shark
Hydra
Sea turtle

Catfish

Dog
Activity Table
Representative Type of Modality Process
Animals Reproduction
Ex: Catfish Sexual External When the catfish discharges
fertilization the eggs into the water, male
catfish fertilizes the egg into
the water.

Crocodile shark

Amoeba

Clownfish

Sea stars

Sea turtles

Dog

Hydra

So, how was it? Were you able to do it? I hope you find the task easy.
In the next activities, you will still use the knowledge you gained to accomplish
the tasks. Hence, get hold of that knowledge as we continue our learning
journey in this module.
Let’s proceed.

What I Have Learned

Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring.

It is one of the defining characteristics of all organisms. The main purpose is
to perpetuate the species. Animals have varied ways of reproduction.
Reproduction may be sexual or asexual.
• In asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved. The
offspring is copied exactly like the parent.
• Some organisms that asexually reproduce are sea anemones,
which reproduce by fission. The hydra reproduces by budding, in
which the new individual arises as a bud from one parent or by
fragmentation as in planarians.
• Sexual reproduction requires male and female gametes. A mature
sperm cell is needed to fertilize a mature ovum to form a zygote.
• Fertilization is the union of egg and sperm cells that could happen
internally or externally.
• External fertilization is the union of egg and sperm that occurs
outside the female reproductive tract. It is common mostly of
bony fish and amphibians.
• Internal fertilization is the union of egg and sperm that occurs
within the female reproductive tract. These types of reproduction
have three different ways.
• Oviparity is also known as egg-laying, in which animals lay eggs.
• Viviparity also known as live-bearing, in which animals give birth
to live offspring.
• Oviviparity is the combination of oviparous and viviparous in
which the eggs are fertilized internally and receive nourishment
through their yolk. However, the egg hatches inside the mother’s
womb when fully developed and giving birth to alive-bearing
animals.
What I Can Do

This time, my dear learner, let us apply what you have learned in real-
life situations. This will be done for you to appreciate the lesson as it finds
relevance in our existence here on earth.
Okay! Let us start!
Here are your tasks. First, read the comic strip of Ana the ant and Dan
the dog’s conversation. Second, write the differences and similarities of
asexual and sexual reproduction in a Venn diagram. Third, explain the
differences and similarities of the two types of reproduction.
VENN DIAGRAM

Asexual Sexual

Instruction. Write the differences of asexual and sexual reproduction on the

outer side and write the similarities at the center.
Refer to the table (rubric) for your guidance:
Strong grasp Progressing Not in Evidence
5 3 1
Text Easy to read, legible. No Most text is easy to Text is not easy to
misspelling. read. Fewer than read. Excessive
four misspelled misspelled words
words. more than five errors.
Placement of All statements noting Most statements Few statements are
Statements within the similarities are placed in are placed in the placed in the correct.
Venn Diagram the center circle and all correct circle, but
statements that note students mixed up
differences are placed in the a few statements.
correct outer circle.
Number of Quality The student can make five The student can The student makes
Statement or more comparison make 3-4 two or fewer
statements in each circle. comparison comparison
statements in each statements in each
circle. circle.

Write your explanation here!!!

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Refer to the table (rubric) for your guidance:
Outstanding Good Fair Poor Very Poor
5 4 3 2 1
Concept Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation The student
demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates was unable
a strong a good some limited to write an
understanding understanding understanding understanding. explanation.
of the concept. of the concept. of the concept.
Assessment

Read each item carefully. Select the best answer and write only the
letter of your choice on a separate piece of paper.

1. How do you describe the offspring asexually reproduced by an organism?

a. different than their parents
b. like a combination from both parents
c. identical to parents
d. a different species

2. Which of the following is true about sexual reproduction?

a. genetically identically offspring is produced
b. only one parent is involved in the process
c. it puts animals at an evolutionary disadvantage in terms of
variation
d. it involves the exchange of genetic material between two
individuals

3. Which of the following describes the main advantage of sexual

reproduction?
a. requires lots of time/energy
b. provide genetic diversity
c. no new gene will arise
d. looks identical to the parent

4. What is the disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

a. the disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population
b. species can adapt to new environments
c. the offspring produces genetic variation
d. fewer offspring are typically produced

5. What kind of asexual reproduction is used by planaria and earthworms?

a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission

6. What kind of asexual reproduction is used by amoeba and bacteria?

a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission

7. In internal fertilization, where do the egg and sperm cells unite?

a. environment c. body or womb
b. ovary d. fallopian tube
8. Which is an example of sexual reproduction?
a. butterflies receive nectar when they deposit pollen on the flower
b. cutting off the arm of a starfish
c. yeast producing identical cells
d. dolphins laying eggs

9. Which process describes new “offspring” being produced from their

parents?
a. respiration
b. reproduction
c. metamorphosis
d. parthenogenesis

10. How many parents does asexual reproduction involve?

a. one c. three
b. two d. four

11. What is the general term of sex cell (egg or sperm)?

a. zygote c. gene
b. offspring d. gamete

12. In external fertilization, where do the egg and sperm cells unite?
a. environment c. body or worm
b. ovary d. fallopian tube

13. What kind of asexual reproduction where some parts of the organism
undergo detachment and regrow to become a whole new organism?
a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission

14. What kind of asexual reproduction is where some parts of an animal

regrow. (Example: hydra and crabs).
a. binary fission c. budding
b. regeneration d. fragmentation

15. What kind of asexual reproduction is used by hydra?

a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission
Additional Activities

3, 2, 1 CHART

In blue charts, write 3 things that you have learned about the lesson.
In yellow charts, write at least 2 things that you find interesting about the
topic.
In the brown chart, write 1 question that you have not found the answer,
since the discussion has started.
Answer Key
References
Bayo-ang, Roly B, Maria Lourdes G. Coronacion, Annamae T. Jorda and
Anna Jamille Restubog. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School.
Cubao, Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation. 2016.

Gair, Charles Molnar and Jane. n.d. "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License." How Animal Reproduce-Concepts of Biology -
1st Canadian Edition. Accessed June 2, 2020.
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/chapter/chapter-13-
introduction-to-animal-reproduction-and-development/.

Jew, Darren. “Alamy Stock Photo”. August 26. Accessed June 2, 2020.
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-clown-fish-24843797.html.

Layman, Dale. Biology A Self-Teaching Guide. New York City. McGRAW-HILL.

2006.

Melchor, Marciano B. Introduction to Biology. Metro Manila: Rex Bookstore.

2007.

n.a. "Amoeba photo." Cell Division: Binary Fission and Mitosis. Accessed
June 2, 2020.
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap2.html
#two_bact_groups.

Sharman, Norman. "Animal Diversity Web." Pseudocarcharias kamoharai

Crocodile Shark. Accessed June 2, 2020.
https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Pseudocarcharias_kamoharai/.

Turner, Jose F. "Animal Welfare." Viviparous Animals. March 25. Accessed

June 2, 2020. https://www.animalwised.com/viviparous-animals-
2548.html.

University, Florida Atlantic. "Science Network." Sex and Sea Turtles: New
Study Reveals Impact of Climate Change, Sea Level Rise. October 15.
Accessed June 2, 2020. https://phys.org/news/2015-10-sex-sea-
turtles-reveals-impact.html.
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