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10
Research Hypothesis
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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 10

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Research Hypothesis

Name: _____________________________________________ Section: ____________

I. LEARNING COMPETENCY
✓ List research hypothesis (if appropriate) (CS_RS12-If-j-8)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the types of research hypothesis;
2. Formulate the hypothesis of research study;
3. Understand and apply the guidelines in formulating hypothesis

II. KEY CONCEPTS

Hypothesis
A Hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. It is a
specific and testable prediction on what you expect to happen with the variables in your study. Usually, it
proposes a possible relationship between the independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the
dependent variable (what the research measures). It is also described as an “educated guess” of what
possibly the result would be of your research, which should be supported on existing theories and knowledge.
Furthermore, the hypothesis states a tentative answer to your research question that can be tested by further
investigation in which you can support or refute it through scientific research methods such as data collection
and statistical analysis. It is the primary idea of any inquiry that transforms the research questions into a
prediction and integrates components like variables, population, and the relation between the variables.
Hypothesis formulation is employed when conducting correlational, ex-post facto, quasi experimental, and
experimental studies.
As a researcher, you must determine whether your hypothesis is accepted or not base on the findings
and outcome of your research study. Not all studies have a hypothesis while, some studies have several
hypotheses.

Types of Research Hypothesis

1. Simple Hypothesis
A simple hypothesis is a prediction of the relationship between two variables, the independent
variable and the dependent variable.It shows a connection between one independent variable and a
single dependent variable.
Ex: The higher the poverty rate in society (one independent variable), the higher the number
would be the out of school youth (one dependent variable).
2. Complex hypothesis
The complex hypothesis reflects the relationship between the independent variable and the
dependent variable. It expresses a connection between two or more independent variables and two
or more dependent variables.
Ex: Eating more vegetables and fresh fruits (independent variables) leads to boost immune
system and enhance blood circulation and digestion (dependent variables).
3. Empirical Hypothesis
An empirical hypothesis is also called as the “working hypothesis.” It is presumed to explain
certain facts and relationships of phenomena. It comes to life when a theory is being put to the test,
using observation and experiment. From the name itself “working,” it would mean that it can be
changed or replace anytime as soon as it is no longer supported or accepted base on the observation

Developed by: Joanna Marey F. Mondejar

School/Station: Agusan Del Sur National High School Division: Agusan Del Sur
Email address: [email protected]
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and experimentation being done. It is going through some trial and error and perhaps changing around
those independent variables.
Ex: Plants watered everyday grow faster than plants watered once a week. (Here, trial and
error are leading to a series of findings).
4. Logical hypothesis
Logical hypothesis expresses explanation with limited evidence that can be verified logically.
It reflects a relationship of the variables which anchored based on logical phenomena. Sometimes, a
logical hypothesis can be turned into an empirical hypothesis in which you have to test your theories
and postulates.
Ex: Tomato plants bear fruit faster in Earth than in Moon. (Until we are can test the soil and
plant growth in Moon's ground, the evidence for this claim will be limited, and the hypothesis
will only remain logical).
5. Statistical hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis is an analysis of a portion of a population. It can be verified statistically.
The variables in a statistical hypothesis can be transformed into quantifiable sub-variable to assess it
statistically.
Ex: If your research is about the psychosocial development of K-3 pupils of the private and
public schools in the city, you would want to examine every single K-3 pupil in the city. It is not
practical. Therefore, you would conduct your research using a statistical hypothesis or a
sample of the K-3 pupil population.
6. Null hypothesis
The null hypothesis is denoted with the symbol H o It exists when you consider that there is no
relationship between the independent and dependent variables or that there is an insufficient amount
of information to claim a scientific hypothesis.
Ex: There is no significant change in my health, whether I exercise every day or not.
7. Alternative hypothesis
An alternative hypothesis is denoted with the symbol (H a). It is an alternate statement
expressed to be tested in order to generate the desired output when the empirical or working
hypothesis is not accepted. In an attempt to disprove a null hypothesis, you tend to seek an alternative
hypothesis.
Ex: My health improves during the times when I sleep 8 hours a day than sleeping for 4 hours
only.

A Hypothesis can be classified as Directional and Non-directional Hypothesis

Directional Hypothesis
The directional hypothesis relates the relationship between the variables and can also
predict its nature. It illustrates the direct association of the impact of the independent variable
with the dependent variable, whether it is positively or negatively affected. The direction of
the statement should be clear and justified according to the findings of the study. Since the
hypothesis is gearing to one specific direction it is investigated through a one-tailed test.
Ex: Students who are eating nutritious food have higher grades than students not
having a proper meal. (This shows that there is an effect between the grades and
nutritious food and the direction of effect is clear that the students got a higher grade).
Non-directional Hypothesis
A non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no principle involved. It is a premise
that a relationship exists between two variables. However, the direction of the effect is not
specifically determined. It is a statement that reflects the association of the independent
variable to the dependent variable without predicting the exact nature of the direction of the

Developed by: Joanna Marey F. Mondejar

School/Station: Agusan Del Sur National High School Division: Agusan Del Sur
Email address: [email protected]
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relationship.This relationship is not specified as negative or positive. The hypothesis, in this

case, is investigated through a two-tailed test.
Ex: There is a significant difference in the average grades between those students that have
proper nutritious meal and those that do not have proper meals. (This depicts that there is an
effect between the average grades and nutritious food, but it does not reflect the direction of
the effect whether it is positively or negatively affected).

Guidelines in Formulating Hypothesis

These guidelines must be observed in formulating your hypothesis.
1. Before writing your specific hypothesis, spend more time researching about the topic you are
interested in. Focus on information and previous studies related to your topic.
2. Your independent variable and dependent variable must be included in your hypothesis.
3. The relationship of your variables must be reflected in your hypothesis. Will your independent variable
affect your dependent variable?
4. Your hypothesis should be simple and specific as possible. If your hypothesis is vague and
complicated, it would be difficult to find the answer to your question.
5. Your hypothesis should be concise and comprises clear and simple language. Make it short and
simple for it to be easily understood and avoid any misconceptions or misunderstandings.
6. Your hypothesis should be testable without violating ethical standards. It means that it could be
investigated and measured through a scientific methods such as statistical analysis and data
interpretation.
7. Your hypothesis must be falsifiable. It means that your hypothesis can be proven wrong through
experiments or empirical data. There are no absolute answers to research questions, but there is a
possibility of validating the hypotheses to be true beyond a reasonable doubt.

III. GUIDED PRACTICES

GUIDED PRACTICE: GOOD OR BAD?
Direction: Determine the following hypotheses, whether it is a good or bad hypothesis base on what
you have learned. Put a check (√) mark on the right column to indicate your answer. Briefly support your
answer with an explanation or remark.

Hypotheses Good Bad Reason/Remark

1. If the amount of water given to
my plants will be altered, then
they may grow at different
rates.

2. When there is less oxygen

in water, the mortality rate
of the fish is increased.
3. Pest infected plants that are
exposed to insecticidal
soap will have fewer pest
after a week than pest
infected plants that are not
treated.
4. In detecting enemy aircraft, .
a sound warning signal is
more effective to a fighter
pilot.
5. Studying of students is
more efficient under bright

Developed by: Joanna Marey F. Mondejar

School/Station: Agusan Del Sur National High School Division: Agusan Del Sur
Email address: [email protected]
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lights than studying under

dim lights.

IV. INDEPENDENT PRACTICES

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE 1: TYPE IDENTITY

Direction: Given the following hypotheses, identify the type and direction which applies to each. Write
your answer in the right column.
Hypotheses Answer
1. The higher the unemployment rate, the higher
will be the poverty and crime rate.
2. Increase the intake of food with high
carbohydrate content daily leads to obesity.
1. There is a significant change in my sleeping
pattern when I drink milk before sleeping or do
not.
2. Planets revolve around the sun at diverse
speeds.
3. There is no relationship between the use of
social media and the attention span of students
in school.
4. Implementing a flexible working arrangement
enhance job contentment of the employees.
5. Sex education for high school students has no
effect on the rates of teen pregnancy.
6. People who value freedom and longevity are
more likely to experience happiness than those
who do not value their freedom and longevity.
7. The number of lectures attended by the senior
high school students does not affect their final
exam scores.
8. If you sleep at least 6 hours a day, you will get
a high score on the test than if you get less
sleep.

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE 2: WITH GUIDANCE

Direction: Refer to the guidelines on how to write a hypothesis. Choose at least 3 guidelines and explain
them further on why or how they are vital in formulating hypothesis. Write your explanation in the right
column of the table.
Guideline Answer

Developed by: Joanna Marey F. Mondejar

School/Station: Agusan Del Sur National High School Division: Agusan Del Sur
Email address: [email protected]
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V. APPLICATION
APPLICATION: Ho vs Ha
Direction: Base on your research study, refer to your research questions. Formulate three (3) null hypotheses
and three (3) alternative hypotheses. Write your research title and research questions, followed by your
hypotheses. Use the space provided for your answer.

Research Title:

Research Questions:

Null Hypotheses (Ho) Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

VI. ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice. Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following hypothesis which shows no relation between variables?
A. alternative hypothesis C. complex hypothesis
B. logical hypothesis D. null hypothesis
2. “There is no difference in height between boys and girls who are taking vitamins every day.” What
type of hypothesis is this?
A. non-directional hypothesis C. directional hypothesis
B. empirical hypothesis D. simple hypothesis
3. What type of hypothesis that expresses the connection among two or more independent variables
and two or more dependent variables?
A. alternative hypothesis C. complex hypothesis
B. logical hypothesis D. null hypothesis
4. What term refers to the assumption about the relationship of the variables?
A. guide questions C. framework
B. hypothesis D. literature
5. Which of the following hypothesis is an analysis of a portion of population?
A. empirical hypothesis C. logical hypothesis
B. strategical hypothesis D. simple hypothesis

VII. ANSWER KEY

VIII. REFERENCES
Barrot, Jessie S. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing,
Inc., 2017.
Nueman, W. Lawrence.Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th e., Pearson Education.
2011. https://bit.ly/2XBSwat

Developed by: Joanna Marey F. Mondejar

School/Station: Agusan Del Sur National High School Division: Agusan Del Sur
Email address: [email protected]