SITE ANALYSIS &

BUILDING
REQUIREMENTS
-
ANALYSIS
AULI A MUF LI H N A SUT I O N , ST. , MSC .
CURIOSITA
DATA
BERPIKIR

D
A

A
T
KNOWLEDGE
BERPIKIR KNOWLEDGE
DESIGN THINKING
Site Analysis is a vital step in the design process. It involves the evaluation of an existing or
potential site in relation to:
• the development programme,
• environmental impact,
• impacts on the community
• adjacent properties,
• project budget
• schedule.
• environmental constraints and opportunities
• developmental constraints and opportunities.

A well-executed site analysis forms the essential foundation for a cost effective, environmentally
sensitive, and rational approach to project development. Analysis of the building programme and the
ability of the site to accommodate it, combined with assessment of political, environmental and
regulatory issues, reveals the development potential of a parcel of land.
Why is this required…??
WHEN DOES ONE NEED A SITE ANALYSIS…??
• One may have defined a building programme and be in search of a site. OR
• One may have selected a site and be interested in fitting a development programme to it.
• In yet another case one may have a site and programme in hand and be seeking the most
efficient, economical and environmentally sensitive approach to site development.
• One may be already owning or considering the purchase of an undeveloped or underdeveloped
property and seeks site analysis to accurately define the general development potential and
market value of the property.

As part of site analysis special studies may be required. Examples are utilities studies, environmental
impact studies, historic resources inventories, and studies of special opportunities such as the
construction of co-generation plants or solid waste disposal systems.
A good site analysis will enable the client to exploit the full potential of a site. Effective planning and
zoning assistance can maximize the potential for regulatory approvals and significantly reduce the
owner’s risk of economic loss.
Consultants with planning or real estate backgrounds are frequently part of the site analysis team. Other
disciplines normally involved include landscape architects and civil, power and geotechnical
engineers/ other specialists required may include traffic engineers or traffic planners, hydrologists,
economic analysts, environmental or wildlife scientists, archaeologists, historians, real estate
attorneys, or programming specialists.
1. LOCATION
• Where is the site located?
• How is the site approached?
• How far is the major junction?
• Are there any traffic and parking issues?
• Existing major streets
• Landmarks
• Aerial photographs help
• Documentation of distances and time from major places
• Verified by either driving or walking first – hand
2. NEIGHBOURHOOD CONTEXT
• Zoning of the neighbourhood as per the municipal planning dept/ master plan.
• Observation of architectural patterns
• Street lighting
• Condition of existing buildings
• Immediate surroundings of the site
• Reaction of the surrounding buildings towards the site
• Analyze movement of people around the site
• Landmarks and nodes (Nodes are key public gathering places that encourage people to linger
and socialize
• Prominent vision lines / visual linkages
• Locally available resources
3. SITE & ZONING
• Verify site boundaries by physical measurement or thru the tax accessor’s office
• Zoning classification
• Set-back requirements
• Height restrictions
• Allowable site coverage
• Uses permitted
• Parking requirement
• Social and political boundaries

4. LEGAL ELEMENTS
• Property description
• Present ownership – free hold/lease hold/ lisenciate – by govt or private (POA)
• Governmental jurisdiction In which the site is located
5. NATURAL PHYSICAL FEATURES
• Topographical features of the site thru contour map
• Site drainage
• Existing natural features of
• Trees – size, type, diameter, height, spread of roots, falling of leaves, water requirement,
soil nourishment. (1 eucalyptus tree consumes almost 500 gallons of water)
• ground cover,
• ground texture,
• soil type and soil conditions (particularly black cotton soil, clayey soil)
• IS4326 codes for construction in sesmic zone IV. Add sand filling at the bottom. The crack
will not advance towards structure. Bands will check vertical spread of crack. Have r.c.c.
roofing as a diaphragm
• rock formations
• location of swamps, marshes etc
• biological considerations. Promote aqua life. Bio- diversity zone
6. MAN-MADE FEATURES
• features located on site such as
• buildings
• walls
• fences
• patios
• plazas
• bus stop shelters
• site and location of these features can be directly measured
• documentation of existing historical districts/buildings/features should be made
• ( have a planned city not a planted city)
7. CIRCULATION
• make an inventory of streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks & plazas
• observe what activities happen on these circulation gateways
• promote ground percolation in paved areas.

8. UTILITIES – on or around the site

• get a print of the location of government utility lines serving the site:
• sewage – residual capacity available for the site at the external source
• drainage
• potable water supply
• electricity supply
• solid waste disposal
• water hydrants/fire stations – as per population sizes
9. SENSORY COMPONENTS
• first hand sketching and photographs (sometime aerial photos)
• direst observation of
• noise
• odour
• smoke
• pollutant areas nearby

10. HUMAN & CULTURAL COMPONENTS

• census statistics of the neighborhood
• activities among people on the site and their inter relationships
11. CLIMATIC COMPONENTS
• orientation – with respect to - sun path and wind direction
• temperature
• Average yearly temperature, average monthly temperature, max. and minimum temp range thru the seasons.
• Is it a heating or a cooling climate?
• Should solar heat gain be maximized or minimized?
• Wind
• intensity & direction thru the year
• wind direction may vary from place to place inside the site and thus should be checked from a few different places
esp. if the site is large. (book by Ar C.P. Kukreja)
• Humidity & Relative humidity
• Precipitation and Hydrology
• Average annual rainfall
• Peak hourly rainfall
• Spread of rainfall thru the year
• Drainage patterns of site – whether it stagnates or flows along natural slopes
• Location of water bodies- ponds, lakes, rivers – if seasonal or perinneal
• Depth of Water table
• Quality of ground water
• HFL - highest flood level – no imp building should be below the HFL
WHAT TO TAKE WITH YOU?

 Camera – essential.

• Make sure you take pictures of everything. Also, make sure you
get some shots of the site from a distance so you can use
them.
• It is so frustrating when you go to the trouble of visiting a site
and come back wishing you had taken more pictures.
• Don’t be embarrassed about taking pictures if it is in a built up
area. No one cares what you are doing!
WHAT TO TAKE WITH YOU?

 Note book.
• Really important to be able to jot down any observations.

 Tape measure.
• Some sites may be close to hazards or situations where you
will need to measure the proximity.
WHAT TO TAKE WITH YOU?

 Good weather!
• If you have a choice of when to visit the site try to pick
a day when there is a bit of blue sky around. It will look
better for your site photos, particularly if you are
planning on using them in future presentations.
Views from the
site
The Altitude of the sun is
different through out the year,
for that reason the
surroundings of the site cast
different patterns of shadows.
Which is something very
important to consider before
designing.

Shadows in summer
are shorter than
shadows in winter.

Shadows in the
afternoon is shorter
than shadows in the
morning or evening.
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN

Fungsi Bangunan

Tentunya saat akan mendesain sebuah bangunan, kita akan

mendapatkan informasi tentang fungsi bangunan yang akan di rancang
tersebut, yang bisa kita dapatkan dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik
bangunan atau berasal dari TOR (Term of Reference) atau kerangka
acuan kerja (KAK) yang telah disusun.
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN

Lakukan kajian terhadap fungsi yang akan dirancang, dengan melakukan:

1. Survey langsung ke bangunan dengan fungsi sejenis, dengan
melakukan pengamatan secara langsung.
2. Menonton video-video atau film yang memiliki fungsi bangunan
sejenis dan melakukan kajian
3. Membaca referensi-referensi berupa buku, dan lain-lain

Buatlah diagram-diagram dari tiap fungsi bangunan yang di kaji.

FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN

Aktivitas Pengguna Bangunan

Dari wawancara yang dilakukan atau TOR yang telah diberikan atau
survey/pengamatan secara langsung akan didapati siapa saja pengguna dari
bangunan. Buatlah diagram terkait aktivitas dari masing-masing pengguna
bangunan secara detail, dari datang ke bangunan sampai dengan pulang atau
keluar dari bangunan.

Kebutuhan Ruang
Dari kajian aktivitas yang telah dilakukan, tuangkan setiap aktivitas kedalam
setiap ruangan-ruangan yang diperlukan. Karena ini sifatnya sangat krusial,
maka lakukan kajian aktivitas pengguna secara DETAIL.
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN

Setelah mendapatkan kebutuhan ruang dari setiap aktivitas, buatlah criteria matrix dari setiap ruang.
Isi criteria matrix antara lain:
1. Besaran Ruang
2. Hubungan Antar Ruang
3. Akses Publik
4. Sinar Matahari
5. Privacy
6. Special Equipment
7. Special Consideration
8. Sustainable Factors
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN

Besaran Ruang
Lakukan kajian terhadap besaran ruang yang dibutuhkan dengan
melakukan:
1. Membaca buku standard besaran ruang (Data arsitek, dll)
2. Melakukan penggambaran terhadap ruangan yang akan di rancang,
dengan memasukkan furniture dan sirkulasi dari pengguna, agar
mendapatkan besaran ruangan
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN

Selesaikan criteria matrix yang telah

dibuat dengan memasukkan besaran
ruang yang sudah dihitung.
FUNGSI BANGUNAN, AKTIVITAS
PENGGUNA BANGUNAN DAN RUANGAN

Lanjutkan matrix yang sudah dibuat

dengan matrix hubungan antar ruang.
THE END

See you next week…..