Silicone Fluid: Performance Test Results
Silicone Fluid: Performance Test Results
Silicone Fluid
KF-96
Contents
■
1 Structure 2
■
2 Features 3
■
3 General characteristics 2
■
4 Viscosity 4
1. Correlation between viscosity and molecular weight 4
2. Determining the viscosity of a silicone fluid based on the viscosity of a diluted solution of dimethylpoly siloxane 4
3. Temperature and viscosity 6
4. Adjusting viscosity 10
■5 Specific gravity 12 ■
20 Chemical stability 23
■6 Specific heat 14 ■
21 Corrosivity 24
■7 Thermal conductivity 14 ■
22 Solubility 25
■8 Refractive index 14 ■
23 Releasability and non-adhesiveness 26
■9 Volatility 14 ■
24 Water repellency 26
■
10 Flash point and autoignition point 14 ■
25 Effects of radiation 27
■
11 Vapor pressure 15 ■
26 Gas solubility 28
■2
1 Thermal oxidation stability 16 ■
27 Physiological function 29
■
13 Cold resistance 17 ■
28 Removal methods 31
■
14 Surface tension 17 ■
29 Coloring methods 31
■
15 Lubricity 18 ■
30 Bake-on method 32
■
16 Velocity of sound 19 ■
31 Absorbed moisture and dehydration methods 33
■
17 Effects of pressure 19 ■
32 Handling precautions 35
■
18 Resistance against shear 20 ■
33 Hazards classification on UN 35
■
19 Electrical properties 21
Technical data
1. Structure
3. General characteristics
Kinetic viscosity Specific gravity Volatile matter content Viscosity-Temperature Refractive index Pour point Flash point
Grade 25°C 150°C/24h Coefficient
mm2/s 25°C % V.T.C 25°C °C °C
2
KF-96 Performance Test Results
2. Features
Specific heat Thermal conductivity Surface tension Coefficient of expansion Volume resistivity✽ Dielectric Dielectric Dielectric
25°C 25°C 25°C 25-150°C breakdown strength✽ constant✽ loss tangent✽
J/g·°C W/m·°C mN/m cc/cc/°C TΩ·m 2.5mm kV 50Hz 50Hz
2.0 0.10 15.9 0.00135 ≥1 ≥ 35.0 2.17 ≤ 0.0001
2.0 0.10 16.9 0.00129 ≥1 ≥ 35.0 2.28 ≤ 0.0001
2.0 0.10 17.7 0.00127 ≥1 ≥ 35.0 2.38 ≤ 0.0001
1.8 0.11 18.3 0.00124 ≥1 ≥ 35.0 2.42 ≤ 0.0001
1.8 0.12 19.7 0.00109 ≥1 ≥ 35.0 2.60 ≤ 0.0001
1.8 0.12 19.8 0.00109 — — — —
1.7 0.14 20.1 0.00106 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.65 ≤ 0.0001
1.6 0.15 20.6 0.00104 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.70 ≤ 0.0001
1.6 0.15 20.7 0.00099 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.71 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.15 20.8 0.00096 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.72 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 20.9 0.00095 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.74 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.1 0.00095 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.74 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.1 0.00095 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.75 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.1 0.00095 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.1 0.00095 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.2 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 ≥1 ≥ 50.0 2.76 ≤ 0.0001
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 — — — —
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 — — — —
1.5 0.16 21.3 0.00094 — — — —
(Not specified values)
3
Technical data
4. Viscosity
2. Determining the viscosity of a silicone fluid based on the
1. Correlation between viscosity and molecular weight viscosity of a diluted solution of dimethylpolysiloxane
KF-96 is linear dimethylpolysiloxane and contains trimethyl- This method is convenient because it can be used to determine
silyl end-groups. The chemical structure is shown below. The the viscosity of a silicone fluid using just a very small sample.
basic unit of the polymer is shown in brackets [ ], and n First, prepare a toluene solution with a dimethylpolysiloxane
indicates the number of units. KF-96 is available in viscosities concentration of 1 g/100 mL in order to determine specific
ranging from 0.65 mm2/s (n=0) to 1,000,000 mm2/s (n=2230). viscosity η sp (25°C).
η sp=(η/η0)-1 (1)
Provided that η0: viscosity of toluene η: viscosity of the solution
●Warrik formula✽1
Figure 2 shows the correlation between the specific viscosity
logηP/40°C = 1.43 logM-5.54
(determined using the formulas above) and true viscosity of
Provided that molecular weight M is 40,000 or below, ηP/40°C indicates
viscosity at 40°C (P = 0.1 Pa·s). KF-96.
[References] 1x102
✽1 J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77. 5017 [1955] ✽2 J. Appl. Physics. 17. 1020 [1946] 1 2 3 4 5
✽3 Doklady Akad. Nauk. U.S.S.R. 89 65 [1953] ✽4 Nakamuta, Nikka, 77 588 [1956]
Specific viscosity η sp x 10
4
KF-96 Performance Test Results
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1x106 1x106
8 8
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
Kinetic viscosity
– Degree of polymerization
1x104 1x104
8 8
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
Kinetic viscosity 25°C (mm2/s)
2 2
Kinetic viscosity –
Molecular weight
1x103 1x103
8 8
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1x102 1x102
8 8
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
10 10
8 8
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
1x102 2 3 4 5 6 8 1x103 2 3 4 5 6 8 1x104 2 3 4 5 6 8 1x105 2 3 4 5 6 8 1x106
5
Technical data
Temperature (C)
-60 -55 -50 -45 -35 -25 0 25 50 100 150 200 250
Grade
KF-96-50cs — 586 437 327 220 164 88.0 50.0 32.5 15.9 9.13 5.81 —
KF-96-100cs — 1.223 909 700 480 324 171 100 64.6 31.3 17.9 11.4 —
KF-96-350cs — 4,570 3,350 2,530 1,700 1,190 598 350 220 107 59.1 37.1 —
KF-96-1,000cs — 16,100 10,000 7,530 4,860 3,400 1,720 1,000 633 302 165 104 —
KF-96H-10,000cs — — 97,200 75,200 48,700 34,100 17,500 10,000 6,370 3,020 1,700 1,030 —
KF-50-100cs 2,340 — 1,400 — — 435 181 100 60.8 27.7 15.1 9.30 6.11
KF-50-1,000cs 24,000 — 14,500 — — 4,380 1,830 1,000 600 270 146 88.1 5.65
KF-54 — — — — 50,400✽2 24,800 1,770 450 167 46.3 20.0 10.9 6.56
6
KF-96 Performance Test Results
10,000 10,000
8,000 100,000mm2/s 8,000
6,000 6,000
350mm2/s 60,000mm2/s 5,000
5,000
4,000 4,000
3,000 KF-50-100mm2/s 3,000
30,000mm2/s
2,000 2,000
100mm2/s
1,000 1,000
800 800
600 50mm2/s 600
Kinetic viscosity 25°C (mm2/s)
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
20mm2/s
100 100
80 80
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
8 8
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 10mm2/s 1
1mm2/s 5mm2/s
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.65mm2/s 0.4
0.3 0.3
KF-96
0.2 KF-54 0.2
[Computational expression] KF-50
763.1
log ηt = -2.559+log η25 0.1 0.1
273+t
-60 -50 -25 0 25 50 100 150 200 250
ηt : kinetic viscosity (mm2/s) at t°C
t : -25 - 250°C Temperature (°C)
7
Technical data
KF-96-50cs — 11.7 8.75 6.54 4.82 3.28 1.76 1.00 0.649 0.318 0.183 0.116 —
KF-96-100cs — 12.2 9.09 7.24 4.80 3.24 1.71 1.00 0.646 0.313 0.179 0.114 —
KF-96-350cs — 13.1 9.57 7.23 4.88 3.41 1.71 1.00 0.633 0.306 0.169 0.106 —
KF-96-1,000cs — 16.1 9.58 7.53 4.86 3.40 1.72 1.00 0.633 0.302 0.165 0.104 —
KF-96H-10,000cs — — 9.72 7.52 4.87 3.41 1.75 1.00 0.637 0.302 0.170 0.103 —
KF-50-100cs 23.4 — 14.0 — — 4.35 1.81 1.00 0.608 0.277 0.151 0.0935 0.0611
KF-50-1,000cs 24.0 — 15.0 — — 4.38 1.83 1.00 0.601 0.270 0.146 0.088 0.0565
KF-54 — — — — 112✽2 55.0 3.93 1.00 0.372 0.103 0.0446 0.0241 0.0146
Measurement temperature ✽1:-40°C ✽2:-30°C ✽3:-20°C ✽4:140°C
Fig. 4-1 Viscosity change rate by temperature Fig. 4-2 Viscosity change rate by temperature (0°C to 50°C)
40.00
4.50
30.00
KF-96 4.00 KF-96
20.00 KF-54 KF-54
3.50
KF-50 KF-50
10.00 3.00
8.00
6.00 2.50
5.00
4.00
3.00 2.00
1.90
2.00 1.80
1.70
Viscosity change rate
1.60
1.50
1.00 1.40
0.80 1.30
0.60 1.20
0.50 1.10
0.40 1.00
0.30 0.95
0.90
0.85
0.20 0.80
0.75
0.70
0.10 0.65
0.08 0.60
0.06 0.55
0.05
0.50
0.04
0.03 0.45
0.40
0.02
0.35
0.01 0.30
-60 -50 -25 0 25 50 100 150 200 250 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
8
KF-96 Performance Test Results
Fig. 5 Kinetic viscosity of various oils at various temperatures Fig. 6 Kinetic viscosity change of various oils at various temperatures
4,000
1,000 100
800 Spindle oil 80 Spindle oil
600 60
Kinetic viscosity 25°C (mm2/s)
400 40
Damper oil Damper oil
Viscosity change
200 20
100 10
80 8.0
60 6.0
40 4.0
KF-96-20cs
20 2.0
KF-96-20cs
10 1.0
8.0 0.8
6.0 0.6
4.0 0.4
2.0 0.2
1.0 0.1
-30 0 25 50 70 100 -30 0 25 50 70 100
9
Technical data
4. Adjusting viscosity
The viscosity of KF-96 products ranges from 0.65 to 1,000,000 mm2/s. We offer 27 standard viscosity products within this
range.
If the desired viscosity is not readily available, two products of different viscosities can be blended to obtain fluid of the desired
viscosity.
Fig. 7 Usage quantity of a standard viscosity product corresponding with scale marks at left (weight %)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
1x104 1x104
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
Example 2
1x103 1x103
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 Example 1 4
3 3
Kinetic viscosity 25°C (mm2/s)
1x102 1x102
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1x101 1x101
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Usage quantity of a standard viscosity product corresponding with scale marks at right (weight %)
10
KF-96 Performance Test Results
●Usage method
Using Figure 7,
1. Blend fluids of as close viscosities as possible.
2. Blend fluids in proportions that are as dissimilar as possible (near each end of the weight axis in Fig. 7).
In Figure 7, kinetic viscosity is graphed on a logarithmic scale on the Y-axis, and usage quantity (weight %) is shown on the
X-axis. Therefore, for viscosities above 10,000 mm2/s (104) not shown on the scale, usage quantity can be found by using an
appropriate multiplier and shifting downward in parallel. In such cases, just by moving in parallel, the values (weight %) on
the upper and lower usage quantity scales can be used without change. (See Example 2) Furthermore, the usage quantity
(weight %) scale at the top corresponds to the silicone fluid on the left, and the scale at the bottom corresponds to the silicone
fluid on the right. Be sure to use the scales correctly, because if they are reversed the result will be a silicone fluid of a viscosity
completely different from the one intended.
Example 1
Blending standard viscosity products of 1,000 mm2/s and 300 mm2/s to make 600 mm2/s silicone fluid.
1. Mark the 1,000 mm2/s (1x103) fluid on the left side scale, and mark the 300 mm2/s (3 x 102) on the right side scale.
Then, connect the two points with a straight line.
2. At the point where this line intersects the horizontal line indicating 600 mm2/s, trace a vertical line and
read the usage quantity (weight %) for each standard viscosity product on the scales at the top and bottom.
3. In other words, by blending 42.5% by weight (bottom scale) of 300 mm2/s fluid with 57.5% by
weight (top scale) of 1,000 mm2/s fluid, it is possible to make a silicone fluid of 600 mm2/s.
Example 2
Blending standard viscosity products of 300,000 mm2/s and 50,000 mm2/s to make 200,000 mm2/s silicone fluid.
On this graph, neither 300,000 nor 50,000 are on the scales, so we use a coordinate shift.
1. First, assume that the "3" in the 103 range of the left side scale indicates 300,000 mm2/s, and the "5" in the 102 range of the
right side scale indicates 50,000 mm2/s.
Thus, 300,000 mm2/s becomes 3,000 mm2/s (i.e. 3 x 103) on the scale.
The 3 x 105 scale is shifted by 102 (3 x 1053 x 103=102), and
the 50,000 mm2/s scale is also shifted by 102 (5 x 1045 x 102=102).
2. Connect the two points with a straight line. Then, at the point where this line intersects the horizontal line indicating 200,000
mm2/s (i.e. 2 x 103, because the coordinate was shifted 102), trace a vertical line and read the usage quantity (weight %) for
each standard viscosity product on the scales at the top and bottom.
3. In other words, the top scale indicates 77% by weight of 300,000 mm2/s fluid and the bottom scale indicates 23% by weight
of 50,000 mm2/s fluid.
[Note]
The Y-axis (viscosity axis) is a logarithmic scale and can be used freely only by shifting up or down,
and makes use of the fact that the standard viscosity product usage quantity (weight %) scale can be used as is.
11
Technical data
5. Specific gravity
Fig. 8 1,280
Correlation between 1,260
temperature and specific gravity 1,240
1,220
1,200
1,180
1,160
1,140
Specific gravity 25°C (t°C/4°C)
1,120
1,100
1,080
1,060
1,040 KF-54
1,020
1,000
0,980
KF-50-100cs
0.960
KF-96-100cs
0.940 KF-96-1,000cs
0.920 Spindle oil
0.900
0.880
0.860
0.840 Damper oil
0.820 KF-96-50cs
0.800
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Temperature (°C)
12
KF-96 Performance Test Results
Fig. 9 Correlation between temperature and specific gravity change rate Fig. 10 Correlation between temperature and volume ratio
1.08 1.28
1.06 1.18
KF-96
1.04 1.16
KF-50
1.14
Specific gravity change rate (t°C/25°C)
1.02
Volume ratio (t°C vol/25°C vol)
1.12
1.00
1.10
0.98
1.08
0.96 Mineral oils KF-54
1.06
0.94
KF-54 1.04
0.92
1.02 Mineral oils
0.90
1.00
KF-50
0.88 0.98
0.84 0.94
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
13
Technical data
6. Specific heat
The specific heat (25°C) of KF-96 is between 1.63 and 1.97 J/g·°C for viscosities below 20 mm2/s.
Above 100 mm2/s, specific heat is approximately 1.5 J/g·°C, regardless of viscosity.
These values are roughly 1/3 that of water, and far lower than that of mineral oil.
7. Thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity (25°C) of KF-96 is between 0.10 and 0.15 W/m·°C for viscosities below 50 mm2/s.
Above 100 mm2/s, thermal conductivity is approximately 0.16 W/m·°C, regardless of viscosity.
These values are roughly 1/4 that of water, and nearly the same as benzene and toluene.
8. Refractive index
The refractive index (25°C) values of KF-96 at the sodium D line are 1.375-1.391 for
viscosities below 2.0 mm2/s, and 1.399-1.403 for viscosities above 10 mm2/s. Thus, values are nearly constant.
9. Volatility
The flash point of KF-96 (excluding low viscosity products below 30 mm2/s) is over 300°C.
Unless there is a continuous supply of heat hot enough to decompose silicone, there is no sustained combustion.
The autoignition point is around 450°C.
14
KF-96 Performance Test Results
The vapor pressure of KF-96 is extremely low (except low viscosity products);
at 220°C it is no higher than 1.0 Torr (20 mm2/s fluid).
For fluids above 1,000 mm2/s, values are almost unchanged.
0.65mm2/s
1.5mm2/s
10
1mm2/s
Vapor pressure (Torr)
2mm2/s
1
0.1
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
15
Technical data
The siloxy groups generated in (4) bond with the silyl groups
generated in (7) and (8) to form siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si), 500
200
He a t i n g s i l i c o n e oi l t o a r o u n d 2 0 0 ° C g e n e r a t e s
low-molecular-weight siloxane and a formalin odor, which
results from the formaldehyde generated through oxidation.
These reactions occur when silicone oil is exposed to 100
175°C
temperatures above 150°C in air. Combustion occurs around
0 50 100 150 200 250
450°C and eventually a silica (SiO2) residue remains.
Heating time (h)
16
KF-96 Performance Test Results
250°C 250°C
5.0 5.0
Heating loss (%)
3.0 3.0
The surface tension of KF-96 is between 20-21 mN/m, which is much lower than that of water and conventional oils.
Therefore, KF-96 spreads easily on the surfaces of various materials, making it well suited for use as a release agent, defoamer, and
ingredient in cosmetic products.
KF-96 15.9-21.3 21
19
18
17
16
15
0.5 1 5 10 50 100 500 1,000
17
Technical data
15. Lubricity
KF-96 has excellent viscosity-temperature characteristics and combinations, but lubricity is good in combinations including
thermo-oxidative stability. These are ideal properties to have steel-copper, steel-bronze, steel-zinc, steel-cadmium,
in a lubricating oil, but KF-96 provides poor boundary steel-babbitt, steel-nylon, bronze-nylon, and wood-wood.
lubrication against sliding friction of steel-on-steel, meaning Ester oil or other additive* may be added to improve the
there are limits to its application as a lubricant. However, boundary lubrication properties of KF-96. Fluorosilicone fluid
KF-96 does provide superior lubrication when used with the FL-100 can also be used as a lubricating oil. Please refer to
appropriate combination of bearing materials and in certain our other catalog for details.
f r iction conditions. Lubr icit y is poor in steel-steel ✽ Methyl ricinoleate (examined patent application publication S29-5408)
Correlation between friction pressure and kinetic friction coefficient when silicone fluid (KF-96H-60,000cs) is added to various resins
Polystyrene Friction speed: V=2.9 m/min. Polyacetal Friction speed: V=14.3 m/min.
0.6 0.6
Kinetic friction coefficient
Not added
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
15
10
Pressure (MPa)
18
KF-96 Performance Test Results
16. Velocity of sound Fig. 15-2 Pressure and compressibility of KF-96 (25°C)
Pressure (MPa)
40
Sound transmission velocity in KF-96
0.65mm2/s
Kinetic viscosity Transmission velocity 30
25°C mm2/s 30.0°C m/sec
0.65 873.2 20
1.0 901.3
1.5 919.0 10
2.0 931.3
5.0 953.8
10 966.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20 975.2 Compressibility (%)
50 981.6
100 985.2 Fig. 16 Differences in compressibility by temperature of KF-96-100cs
200 985.7
350 986.2 25°C 100°C 200°C
500 986.4
1,000 987.3 50
40
400
400
1,000mm2/s
Pressure (MPa)
100mm2/s
Pressure (MPa)
300
300
2mm2/s 200
200
0.65mm2/s
100 100
0 0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Compressibility (%) Kinetic viscosity (mm2/s)
19
Technical data
KF-96 has extremely high shear resistance, and it resists with higher viscosities. This is not, however, due to
shear degradation at high speeds and high loads, meaning destruction of the molecules, and the fluid will return to its
KF-96 has a long operating life. However, in fluids of 1,000 original viscosity when the shear is removed. Figure 18
mm 2 /s and higher, under shear stress there is a drop in shows the correlation between apparent kinetic viscosity and
apparent viscosity, and this tendency increases proportionally shear velocity.
500,000mm2/s
105
100,000mm2/s
60,000mm2/s
30,000mm2/s
Apparent kinetic viscosity (mm2/s)
104
10,000mm2/s
3,000mm2/s
1,000mm2/s
103
102
103 104 105 106
20
KF-96 Performance Test Results
KF-96 has excellent electrical properties which are only undergo dehydration processing before being used as
minimally affected by factors such as temperature and insulating oil in high voltage transformers. The quantity of
frequency variations. The dielectric breakdown strength of moisture absorbed is determined by the relative humidity of
KF-96 is particularly high compared to mineral oil-based the atmosphere, but KF-96 generally absorbs between
insulating oils. However, as with typical insulating oils, the 100-200 ppm. For information regarding dehydration
dielectric performance of KF-96 is greatly affected by the methods, please refer to page 34.
quantity of absorbed moisture. Therefore, KF-96 should
Fig. 19 KF-96-50cs: moisture content and volume resistivity Fig. 20 KF-96-50cs: moisture content and dielectric breakdown strength
100 90
70
10 60
50
40
1 30
20
10
0.1 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250
Fig. 21 KF-96-50cs: moisture content and dielectric constant Fig. 22 KF-96-50cs: moisture content and dielectric loss tangent
x10-4
2.8
5.0
Dielectric loss tangent (tan Δ)
4.0
Dielectric constant
3.0
2.0
2.7 1.0
1.0x10-4
and below
21
Technical data
Fig. 23 KF-96: frequency and dielectric constant (25°C) Fig. 24 KF-96: frequency and dielectric loss tangent (25°C)
2.9 1.00000
0.10000
2.8
0.01000
100mm2/s 100mm2/s
0.00100
2.7 50mm2/s 50mm2/s
0.00010
2.6 0.00001
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 1010 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 1010
Fig. 25 KF-96-50cs: temperature and dielectric constant Fig. 26 KF-96-50cs: temperature and dielectric loss tangent (50 Hz)
2.8
0.0015
Dielectric loss tangent
Dielectric constant
2.6 0.0010
2.4 0.0005
100mm2/s
50mm2/s
2.2 0.0000
0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150
●Arc resistance
The arc resistance of silicone fluids is about the same as that of ordinary mineral oil-based insulating oils.
Table 8 shows the results of tests conducted to determine the amount of gases emitted and amount of deposits caused by arcing.
Gas quantity emitted Composition of non-oil gas discharges (Vol. %) Gas deposits
Material per 1,000 arcs CnH2n (carbon, other)
(p) H2 CO CO2 CH4 C2H4 C2H2 except N2+O2 per 1,000 arcs (mg)
C2H4
Silicone fluid 9.9 50.6 2.6 0.5 5.8 0.5 0 0.5 39.5 26
Common insulating oil 6.2 48.8 1.3 0 4.5 0.7 3.3 0.7 40.7 13
Liquid paraffin 7.0 49.4 2.4 0.4 2.4 1.2 2.4 0.6 41.2 14
DC intermittent arc method Applied voltage: 100 V Tungsten electrode (From Degradation of Insulating Oils Due to Arcing, a technical report by the Insulating Oil Division)
22
KF-96 Performance Test Results
KF-96 is almost completely chemically inert and is almost decomposition caused by acids, alkalis, lead, selenium, or
unaffected by alkali solutions (up to 10%) or acidic solutions tellurium. But even such metals as copper, iron, nickel,
(up to 30%). However, KF-96 is subject to oxidation at high aluminum, tin, zinc, duralumin and stainless steel have
temperatures (discussed previously), and also to gelation or almost no effect on KF-96.
23
Technical data
21. Corrosivity
KF-96 does not corrode metals or many other materials. rubber sealing materials. We recommend testing KF-96
However, at high temperatures, the plasticizer may be with the intended material before actual use, because the
extracted from certain rubbers and plastics, resulting in effects of KF-96 may differ depending on the quality of the
reduced volume and weight. This tendency is greater in plastic and/or molding conditions. Some typical rubbers and
silicone f luids of lower viscosity. This should be kept in plastics are shown in the following tables.
mind especially in cases where KF-96 comes in contact with
24
KF-96 Performance Test Results
22. Solubility
25
Technical data
Silicone fluid spreads easily because of its low surface tension. (See 14. Surface Tension)
Furthermore, affinity is weak between silicone fluid and many polymers, and
this “release effect” prevents substances from adhering to one another.
Surfaces treated with KF-96 exhibit water repellency Table 16 Water contact angle
comparable to those treated with paraffin. The degree of
Substance Contact angle ( ° )
water repellency can be represented by water contact angle,
which is over 90° for KF-96. Therefore, KF-96 is used Paraffin 108-116
widely as a surface water repellent for glass, pottery, and
Carnauba wax 107-125.3
ceramics. Baking on KF-96 at high temperatures produces a
KF-96 90-110
long-lasting water-repellent film. See page 32 for details
about the bake-on method. Naphthalene 62
Nylon 70
Polyethylene 94
Polyvinyl chloride 87
Polystyrene 91
Polytetrafluoroethylene 108
at all.
The contact angle of water is between 90°-110° on a
Material
●Water repellency mechanism of KF-96 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
When KF-96 is applied to a surface using a bake-on method,
the hydrophobic methyl groups (CH3-, shown at right) face Si Si Si Si Si
Material
26
KF-96 Performance Test Results
Ir radiation of silicone f luid causes inter molecular both volume resistivity and dielectric breakdown strength
crosslinking and a rise in viscosity. There is also a slight decline. In contrast, radiation has less effect on the dielectric
increase in specific gravity and refractive index. With higher loss tangent and volume resistivity of dimethyl silicone
doses of radiation, silicone fluid will eventually turn to gel. fluid.
In this respect, methylphenyl silicone f luid is more stable Thus, methylphenyl silicone f luid is stable in response to
than dimethyl silicone f luid, and stability is greater in exposure to radiation, but it cannot be used in certain
proportion with higher phenyl group content. Radiation also applications because radiation significantly affects dielectric
affects electrical properties. For example, when silicone properties and other electrical properties. In comparison,
f luid is irradiated with gamma rays at room temperature, dimethyl silicone fluid has the advantage in that there is less
dielectric constant increases slightly, and increases in electrical deterioration at radiation levels below that which
proportion to the dose of radiation. Furthermore, dielectric causes gelation. This property makes dimethyl silicone fluid
loss tangent rises significantly when methylphenyl silicone ideal for relatively low radiation applications in which
f luid is exposed to even small amounts of radiation, and electrical properties are a key consideration.
KF-50-100cs
103
KF-54
Kinetic viscosity 25°C (mm2/s)
KF-96-100cs
HIVAC F-5
102
HIVAC F-4
10
0 106 107 108 109
27
Technical data
KF-96 dissolves air, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide gas. The Consequently, KF-96 must be deaerated before it is used in
dissolution amount is higher than with conventional mineral low pressure conditions.
oil, and it has been reported that air is 16-19% higher by Figure 28 shows the correlation between temperature and the
volume, nitrogen is 15-17% higher by volume, and carbon saturated solubility of oxygen, air, and nitrogen at one
dioxide is nearly 100% higher by volume. atmosphere of pressure.
Fig. 28 Correlation between saturated solubility of oxygen, air, and nitrogen in silicone fluid
Vol %
30
O2
20 air
N2
Saturated solubility (Bunsen coefficient)
10
20 40 60 80 (°C)
3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 x10-3
28
KF-96 Performance Test Results
✽ KF-96 is not specifically formulated for medical applications, so it should not be used as an orthopedic material.
●Test results
Grade Determination
KF-96L-5cs Quasi-negative
KF-96-10cs Negative
KF-96-100cs Negative
●Determination standards
Naked eye
Microscope determination
determination
Irritation ranking B irritation C irritation D irritation
29
Technical data
●Test results
Absolutely no effect on the cornea or iris.
There is slight inflammation of the conjunctiva, but
to a far lower degree than that caused by typical detergents.
●Test results
LD50 is over 5,000 mg/kg for both males and females.
30
KF-96 Performance Test Results
If KF-96 has adhered to the surface of a molded item, it can 3. Clean with an alkali solution (one example)
cause problems in bonding, painting, and printing. The blend ratio for a suitable alkali solution is presented
In such cases, please use modified silicone fluid (KF-410, below. Other blends can be used in which a single alkali,
KF-412) or remove the fluid from the surface. either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, constitutes
KF-96 can be removed using the following methods. 20 parts or more, although the cleaning strength is somewhat
lower.
1. Clean with a solvent If a large amount of silicone has adhered to the mold, wipe
Clean with a solvent that dissolves KF-96 (see Table 15). well with a rag and wash first with a detergent.
Use caution in selecting a solvent when cleaning plastics, Next, soak with the alkali solution for about one hour, then
especially polystyrene, acrylic resin and others with low wash thoroughly with water to completely remove the alkali.
solvent resistance.
[Blend]
13 parts sodium hydroxide, 13 parts potassium hydroxide,
2. Clean with a detergent
33 parts ethanol, 4 parts methanol, 37 parts water.
Though it does take some effort, KF-96 can be completely
removed using a brush or rag with a neutral detergent or [Note]
Do not use acidic or alkali solutions on metals (aluminum, etc.).
scouring powder which contains detergent. Neutral
detergents may bead if used in low concentration, making
cleaning more difficult. Detergent should be used in the
highest concentration possible.
31
Technical data
KF-96 has high thermo-oxidative stability, so high 2. The treatment fluid may bead depending on the condition
temperatures (approx. 300°C) are necessary for bake-on of the surface of the object to be treated. If beading occurs,
treatment. try changing the solvent or adding a small amount of
alcohol (ethanol, propanol, butanol, etc.). In some cases,
1. Selection of KF-96 KF-96L-0.65cs can be used very effectively as a solvent.
Viscosities between 100-500 mm2/s are generally suitable for
water repellency treatment. 3. In the baking (firing) oven, heaters that glow red should
not be used when using a flammable solvent as a thinner.
2. Thinners and concentration Also, if residues of chlorinated solvents (carbon
KF-96 should be applied in an amount such that the silicone tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perfluoroethylene, etc)
spreads evenly over the surface. Apply KF-96 to glass at a remain when the object is put into the oven, the solvent
concentration of roughly 2-5%, and to pottery and ceramics may decompose, releasing harmful gases. With other
at 3-7%. Thinners are shown in Table 15. solvent residues, there may be a risk of explosion, so the
oven should not be closed and should be vented to the
3. Bake-on method outdoors as much as possible.
Before performing the bake-on process, the object treated
with KF-96 should be air-dried or heat-dried at a temperature 4. There are other Shin-Etsu Silicone products which can be
between 50-70°C. This is done to completely remove any used as water repellents for glass and other surfaces. These
solvents. Baking conditions are at temperatures between include KF-99, KC-89, KR-251, and KR-252.
200-350°C for between 5-20 minutes, and conditions vary Please contact Shin-Etsu Silicones for details.
depending on the object to be treated. With 300°C/5 min as a
standard, please experiment to find the ideal conditions
within the ranges mentioned above.
For the baking oven, it is best if the heating elements do not
glow red, and an exhaust vent to the outdoors should be
installed.
4. Other points
1. The surface of the object to be treated must be thoroughly
cleaned. Even if the object appears clean, heating to
temperatures near 300°C will carbonize any foreign
substances and may cause staining. Also, it may be
impossible to apply the KF-96 thinner evenly if the surface
of the object to be treated is dirty. To prevent this, the
object should be carefully cleaned with water or soapy
water (taking care to rinse thoroughly), or a solvent.
32
KF-96 Performance Test Results
The moisture content of KF-96 is typically between 100-200 rate. Moisture absorption rate is highly dependent on storage
ppm. Thus, when KF-96 is to be used as an insulating oil conditions, and as the graph shows, KF-96 absorbs moisture
(especially at high voltage), it must first be dehydrated to quite rapidly. KF-96 can be dehydrated by heating or
improve dielectric properties and to stabilize electrical vacuum heating, by injecting a dry inert gas, or by using
properties. Figure 29 shows the correlation between relative silica or other dehydrating agent. Figure 31 shows the
humidity and the moisture content of KF-96, and Figure 30 measurement results of dehydration speed when KF-96 is
shows the results of measurement of the moisture absorption heat-dried in depressurized conditions.
240
220
Fig. 30 Moisture absorption speed of KF-96-50cs
Moisture content (ppm)
200 260
100% RH
240
180
220
80% RH
Moisture content (ppm)
200
160
60-70% RH
180
140 160
50% RH
140
120
120
100
100
80
0 60
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84
220
200
Moisture content (ppm)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Room temperature,
Dehydration conditions: A sample of silicone fluid (fluid depth: 10 mm)
40 less than 3 mmHg
was put in a glass container (50 mmf). It was then depressurized to
20 less than 3 mmHg and a continuous dehydration process was used,
100°C, less than 3 mmHg once at room temperature and again at 100°C.
0
0 10 20 30 40
33
Technical data
2. Dehydration by heating
When moisture has caused translucent clouding, or in order
to remove fewer than 100 ppm of moisture, KF-96 can be
dehydrated by heating to 100-150°C in depressurized
conditions, or by heating while injecting a dry inert gas.
When heating, best results are achieved by keeping the fluid
layer as thin as possible.
Dehydration is complete when the KF-96 is no longer cloudy
after it cools.
When KF-96 is to be used as insulating oil in high-voltage
applications, KF-96 must be dehydrated by depressurized
heating or by heating while injecting inert gas. In low
pressure conditions, if the fluid is left to stand during heating,
the dehydration rate slows, so the fluid layer should be kept
as thin as possible (Fig. 31 shows an example of dehydration
rate during heating in low-pressure conditions).
Dehydration rate can be accelerated by stirring or shaking
during heating.
[Note]
KF-96 rapidly absorbs about 200 ppm of moisture in an ambient atmosphere.
Thus, after dehydration, KF-96 should be kept in a sealed container or stored in a
place with dry air.
34
KF-96 Performance Test Results
UN hazardous classification
Grade UN Classification UN No.
35
Silicone Division Sales and Marketing Department I
6-1, Ohtemachi
Marunouchi 2-chome,
Eiraku Bldg.,Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,
4-1, Marunouchi Japan Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan
1-chome,
Phone : +81-(0)3-3246-5132
3-6812-2406 Fax +81-((00))3-3246-5361
Fax :: +81- 3-6812-2414
● The not be
data and information presented in this catalog may not be are solely
● Users must neverresponsible for exporting
use the silicone productsordescribed
importingherein
the
relied upon to represent standard values. Shin-Etsu reserves silicone productsofdescribed
for the purpose herein,
implantation andhuman
into the complying
bodywith all
and/or
the right to change such data and information, in whole or in applicable laws,
injection into regulations, and rules relating to the use of
humans.
part, in this catalog, including product
product performance
performance standards
standards such products. Shin-Etsu recommends checking each pertinent
● Users are solely responsible for exporting or importing the
and
and specifications
specifications without
without notice.
notice. country's laws, regulations, and rules in advance, when
silicone products
exporting described
or importing, herein,using
and before and complying with all
the products.
● Users
●
Users are
are solely
solely responsible
responsible for
for making
making preliminary
preliminary tests
tests to
to applicable laws, regulations, and rules relating to the use of
determine the
determine the suitability
suitability of
of products
products for
for their
their intended
intended use.
use. ● such
Pleaseproducts.
contact Shin-Etsu
Shin-Etsu recommends checking
before reproducing anyeach
part pertinent
of this
Statements concerning
Statements concerning possible
possible or
or suggested
suggested uses
uses made
made country's laws, regulations, and rules in advance, when
catalog.
herein may
herein may not
not be
be relied
relied upon,
upon, or
or be
be construed,
construed, asas aa guaranty
guaranty exporting or
Copyright importing,
belongs and before
to Shin-Etsu using the
Chemical products.
Co., Ltd.
of no patent infringement.
● Please contact Shin-Etsu before reproducing any part of this
● For detailed information regarding safety, please refer to catalog. Copyright belongs to Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
● The silicone products described herein have been designed,
the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
manufactured and developed solely for general industrial use
● only; such silicone
The silicone products
products describedare not designed
herein for, intended
have been designed, for The
The DevelDevel opment
opment an an d
d Manufac
Manufac ture ture of of
use as, or suitable
manufactured for, medical,
and developed surgical
solely or otherindustrial
for general particularuse Sh
Sh ii n
n -- Et
Et ss u
u Sil
Sil ii cc o
onn es
es a
a re
re b
baa ss e
edd o
onn tt h
hee
following
following registered
registered international
international quality
purposes.
only; such Users have
silicone the sole
products areresponsibility
not designedand for, obligation
intended forto quality
and
and environmental
environmental management
management standards.
determine the suitability
use as, or suitable of the silicone
for, medical, surgicalproducts
or other described
particular standards.
herein for any
purposes. Users application,
have the soleto make preliminary
responsibility tests,
and and to to
obligation Gunma Complex
Gunma Complex ISO
ISO 9001
9001 ISO
ISO 14001
14001
confirm
determinethethe
safety of such
suitability of products for products
the silicone their use.described (JCQA-0004 JCQA-E-0002)
(JCQA-0004 JCQA-E-0002)
Naoetsu Plant
Naoetsu Plant ISO 9001
ISO 9001 ISO
ISO 14001
14001
herein for any application, to make preliminary tests, and to (JCQA-0018 JCQA-E-0064)
Users must
● confirm never of
the safety usesuch
the products
silicone products described herein
for their use. Takefu Plant
Plant
(JCQA-0018 JCQA-E-0064)
ISO 9001
9001 ISO
ISO 14001
14001
for the purpose of implantation into the human body and/or Takefu ISO
(JQA-0479 JQA-EM0298)
(JQA-0479 JQA-EM0298)
injection into humans.
“Shin-Etsu Silicone” is a registered trademark of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. https://www.shinetsusilicone-global.com/
http://www.silicone.jp/e/
This is an edited version of the product data released on May 2014. C Shin-Etsu 2004.9/2014.5 4 B.P. Web in Japan.