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Chapter 07 - Composite Beams

This document discusses composite beams, which consist of a steel beam encased or connected to a concrete slab. It describes two types of composite beams: totally encased beams which rely on a natural bond between the steel and concrete, and beams with shear connectors to provide mechanical anchorage. The key points covered include: - Methods for calculating the moment of inertia, section modulus, and neutral axis for composite beams assuming full or partial composite action between the steel and concrete. - Requirements for a beam to be considered "totally encased" and provided with full composite action through natural bonding alone. - Equations for determining effective properties under partial composite action based on the shear provided by connectors.

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John Eduard Gallego
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307 views

Chapter 07 - Composite Beams

This document discusses composite beams, which consist of a steel beam encased or connected to a concrete slab. It describes two types of composite beams: totally encased beams which rely on a natural bond between the steel and concrete, and beams with shear connectors to provide mechanical anchorage. The key points covered include: - Methods for calculating the moment of inertia, section modulus, and neutral axis for composite beams assuming full or partial composite action between the steel and concrete. - Requirements for a beam to be considered "totally encased" and provided with full composite action through natural bonding alone. - Equations for determining effective properties under partial composite action based on the shear provided by connectors.

Uploaded by

John Eduard Gallego
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 513

STRUCTURAL
STEEL DESIGN

Amie Lou G. Cisneros, CE


Instructor
College of Engineering and Technology
Digos City
COMPOSITE BEAMS
• COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
• Refers to a construction method in which cast -
- in place concrete slab is bonded to steel
beams, girders, decking below, such that the
two materials act as a unit.

• 2 TYPES of COMPOSITE BEAMS


• Totally encased beams which depend upon
natural bond for interaction with the concrete
and;
• Those with shear connectors (mechanica
anchorage to the slab) with the steel beam not
necessarily encased.
TOTALLY ENCASED BEAM

Seismology: Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics


• TOTALLY ENCASED STEEL BEAM
• A beam is totally encased in concrete if it is
casted integrally with the slab.
• It may be assumed to be connected to the
concrete by natural bond, without additional
achorage, provided that:
• Concrete cover over the beam sides and soffit is at
least 50 mm;
• The top of the beam is at least 38 mm below the top
and 50 mm above the bottom of the slab;
• Concrete encasement contains adequate mesh or
other reinforcing steel throughout the whole depth
and across the soffit of the beam to prevent spalling of
the concrete
NON - ENCASED STEEL
BEAM

Seismology: Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics


• For interior beams of length 𝑳 and spacing 𝒔
(mm) on centers:
𝑳
𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉, 𝒃 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔
𝟒

• For exterior beams,


𝑳 𝒔
𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉, 𝒃 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒆 +
𝟒 𝟐
• 𝒆 = distance from the beam centerline to the edge of
the slab
SECTION – PROPERTIES
OF COMPOSITE BEAMS

Seismology: Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics


• The moment of inertia and section modulus of a
composite beam are computed using the
transformed area method.
• The actual area of effective concrete flange is
transformed into steel area by dividing it by the
𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐, 𝒏.

𝒃
𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂, 𝑨𝒄𝒕 = 𝒕
𝒏

𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍
𝒏=
𝑬𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆
Case 1
FULL COMPOSITE ACTION
Seismology: Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics
• CASE 1 : FULL COMPOSITE ACTION

• Full composite action is obtained when there is


enough number of shear connectors provided.
• For full composite action,
𝒃
𝒏
= transformed effective width of the slab

• The distance from the neutral axis to the bottom


of the steel beam is:
𝑨𝒔 𝒅/𝟐 + 𝑨𝒄𝒕 𝒅 + 𝒆
𝒚=
𝑨𝒔 + 𝑨𝒄𝒕
• The moment of inertia of the transformed
section is:

𝟐
𝒅 𝟏 𝒃 𝟑 𝟐
𝑰𝒕𝒓 = 𝑰𝒔 + 𝑨𝒔 𝒚− + 𝒕 + 𝑨𝒄𝒕 𝒅 + 𝒆 − 𝒚
𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝒏

• The section modulus of the transformed section


referred to the bottom flange of the steel beam
is:

𝑰𝒕𝒓
𝑺𝒕𝒓 =
𝒚
• The section modulus of the transformed section
referred to the top of the concrete is:

𝑰𝒕𝒓
𝑺𝒕 =
𝑯−𝒚
Case 2
PARTIAL COMPOSITE ACTION
Seismology: Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics
• CASE 2 : PARTIAL COMPOSITE ACTION
• In cases where it is not feasible or necessary to
provide adequate connectors to satisfy the
horizontal shear requirements for full composite
action; the effective properties are as follows:
• Effective Moment of Inertia:
𝑽′𝒉
𝑰𝒕𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇 = 𝑰𝒔 + 𝑰𝒕𝒓 − 𝑰𝒔
𝑽𝒉
• Effective Section Modulus (referred to bottom
flange)
𝑽′𝒉
𝑺𝒕𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇 = 𝑺𝒔 + 𝑺𝒕𝒓 − 𝑺𝒔
𝑽𝒉
• Effective Section Modulus (referred to the top
concrete)
𝑰𝒕𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇
𝑺𝒕𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇 =
𝑯 − 𝒚𝒆𝒇𝒇
• Effective neutral axis (from the bottom)

𝑰𝒕𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇
𝒚𝒆𝒇𝒇 =
𝑺𝒕𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇
• Transformed effective width:

𝒅
𝒃 𝑨𝒔 𝒚 𝒆𝒇𝒇 − 𝒔 𝒃
= 𝒕 ≤
𝒏 𝒆𝒇𝒇
𝒕 𝒅+ −𝒚 𝒏
𝟐 𝒆𝒇𝒇
Where:
𝑽𝒉 = the total horizontal shear to be resisted by
the connectors between the point of maximum
positive moment and point of zero moment

𝑽𝒉 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑽𝒉𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝒉𝒔

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝑨𝒄
𝑽𝒉𝒄 =
𝟐

𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒔
𝑽𝒉𝒔 =
𝟐
Where:
𝑽′𝒉 = the total horizontal shear to be resisted by
the connectors between the point of maximum
positive moment and point of zero moment under
partial composite action and must not be less
𝟏
than 𝟒 𝑽𝒉 .
𝑽′𝒉 = 𝒒𝑵𝟏

𝒒 = allowable shear load for one connector


𝑵𝟏 = number of shear connectors furnished
between the point of maximum moment and
point of zero moment
Where:
𝑰𝒔 = the moment of inertia of the steel action,
𝒎𝒎𝟒
𝑺𝒔 = section modulus of the steel action, 𝒎𝒎𝟑
𝑨𝒔 = cross sectional area of the steel section,
𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒄 = actual area of effective concrete flange,
𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒄 = 𝒃𝒕

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