COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Sector: TOURISM

Competency :

Unit of Competency: DEVELOP AND UPDATE INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE

Module Title: DEVELOPING AND UPDATING INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE

PREPARED BY: MISS MARLENE A. BALCO

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module on DEVELOPING AND UPDATE INDUSTRY

KNOWLEDGE. This module contains training materials and activities for
you to complete.

The unit of competency “DEVELOP AND UPDATE INDUSTRY

KNOWLEDGE" contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for
DEVELOPING AND UPDATING INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE. It is one of the
Core Modules at National Certificate (NC II)

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
there are Information Sheets, Resource Sheets and Reference Materials for
further reading to help you better understand the required activities. Follow
these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each
learning outcome. Get the answer key from your instructor and check your
work honestly.

If you have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
assistance. Your facilitator will always be a available to assist you during the
training.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this module because you have:

 been working for some time

 already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you don't have to do the same training again.

If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous

trainings, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current
and relevant to the unit/s of competency they may become part of the
evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of
your skills, discuss this with your trainer.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record
important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will
assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessor. A Record
of Achievement is also provided for your trainer to complete once you
complete the module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in DEVELOP AND UPDATE INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE. This
will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in
this particular trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum
supervision or help from your instructor.

 In doing the activities to complete the requirements of this module,

please be guided by the following:

 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is
divided into sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge
you need to successfully complete this module.

 Work through all the information and complete the activities in

each section. Read information sheets and complete the self-
check. Suggested references are included to supplement the
materials provided in this module.

 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or

manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the
correct way to do things.

 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important
that you listen and take notes.

 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and

practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills
during regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your
speed and memory and also your confidence.

 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.

 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test

your own progress.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the
activities outlined in this module.

 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on

your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment
reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed
each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you
are ready for assessment.

 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and
feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer
will arrange an

 Appointment with registered assessor to assess you. The results

of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
Achievement Record.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

QUALIFICATION LEVEL

COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1. Develop and update Developing and update TRS311201

industry knowledge industry knowledge

2. Observe Workplace Observing Workplace TRS311202

Hygiene Procedures Hygiene Procedures

3. Perform Computer Performing Computer TRS3112013

Operations Operations

4. Perform Workplace and Performing Workplace and TRS3112014

Safety Practices Safety Practices

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

5. Provide Effective Providing Effective TRS3112015
Customer Service Customer Service

QUALIFICATION : Bread and Pastry Production NC Level II

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Develop And Update Industry Knowledge
MODULE TITLE : Developing And Updating Industry Knowledge

INTRODUCTION : This module covers the knowledge, skills &

attitudes in promoting career growth and
advancement
NOMINAL DURATION : 44 HRS

LEARNING OUTCOMES :

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/ student must be able to:

1. Identify and access key sources of information on the industry

2. Access, apply and share industry information
3. Update continuously relevant industry knowledge

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1.1 Sources of information on the industry are correctly identified

and accessed.
1.2 Information to assist effective work performance is obtained in
line with job requirements
1.3 Specific information on sector of work is accessed and updated
1.4 Industry information is correctly applied to day-to-day work
activities

2.1 Informal and/or formal research is used to update general

knowledge of industry
2.2 Updated knowledge is shared with customers and colleagues as
appropriate and incorporated into day-to-day working activities

PRE – REQUISETE:

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

 Before you tackle this module you must complete first the
module on: Basic Tool Competencies

LO1. IDENTIFY AND ACCESS KEY SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE

INDUSTRY

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Sources of information on the industry are correctly identified and

accessed.
2. Specific information on sector of work is accessed and updated.

CONTENTS:

 Time management
 Ready skills needed to access industry information
 Basic competency skills needed to access the internet
 Overview of quality assurance in the industry
 Role of individual staff members
 Industry information sources

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following

EQUIPMENT LEARNING MATERIALS

 LCD Projector (optional)  media
 Overhead Projector (optional)  reference books
 Computer  libraries
 Printer  unions
 industry associations
 industry journals
 internet
 personal observation and experience

METHODOLOGIES:

 Lecture
 Group discussion

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

 Individual/group assignment

ASSESSMENT METHODS

 Interview/questions
 Practical demonstration

 Portfolio of industry information related to trainee’s work

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

LEARNING EXPERIENCES / ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome # 1 Identify and access key sources of

information on the industry
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Are you ready to perform this

activity?

If ready, take your time and be

sure to observe the standard
procedures in all your activities.

1. Read information sheet 1

2. Read information sheet 2

3. Answer: self – Check to

assess your knowledge

4. Refers to Model Answer #5

for the correct answer of
self – check.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

INFORMATION SHEET 1-LO# 1
Sources of Information on the Industry

WHAT IS MEDIA?
www.LXTmedia.com

Media (the plural of "medium") - referring to those organized means of

dissemination of fact, opinion, entertainment, and other information, such
as newspapers, magazines, banners and billboards, cinema films, radio,
television, the World Wide Web, billboards, books, CDs, DVDs,
videocassettes, computer games and other forms of publishing.

Types of Media

a. Mass Media - is mainly used by academics and media-professionals.

When members of the general public refer to "the media" they
are usually referring to the mass media, or to the news media.
Sometimes mass media (and the news media in particular) are
referred to as the "corporate media".

b. Mainstream Media - includes outlets that are in harmony with the

prevailing direction of influence in the c ulture at large.

c. Corporate Media - is often used by leftist media critics to imply that the
mainstream media are themselves composed of large

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

multinational corporations, and promote those interests (see
e.g., Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting; Herman and
Chomsky's "A Propaganda Model").

History

During the 20th century, the growth of mass media was driven by
technology that allowed the massive duplication of material. Physical
duplication technologies such as printing, record pressing and film
duplication allowed the duplication of books, newspapers and movies at low
prices to huge audiences. Radio and television allowed the electronic
duplication of information for the first time. Mass media had the economics
of linear replication: a single work could make money proportional to the
number of copies sold, and as volumes went up, units costs went down,
increasing profit margins further. Vast fortunes were to be made in mass
media. In a democratic society, independent media serve to educate the
public/electorate about
issues regarding government and corporate entities (see Mass media and
public opinion). Some consider the concentration of media ownership to
be a grave threat to democracy.

Timeline

1453: Johnannes Gutenberg prints the Bible, using his printing press,
ushering in the Renaissance
1825: Nicéphore Niépce takes the first permanent photograph
1830: Telegraphy is independently developed in England and the United
States.
1876: First telephone call made by Alexander Graham Bell
1878: Thomas Alva Edison patents the phonograph
1890: First juke box in San Francisco's Palais Royal Saloon.
1890: Telephone wires are installed in Manhattan.
1895: Cinematograph invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere
1896: Hollerith founds the Tabulating Machine Co. It will become IBM in
1924.
1898: Loudspeaker is invented.
1906: The Story of the Kelly Gang from Australia is world's first feature
length film.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

1909: RMS Republic, a palatial White Star passenger liner, uses the
Marconi Wireless for a distress at sea. She had been in
a collision. This is the first "breaking news" mass media event.
1912: Air mail begins
1913: Edison transfers from cylinder recordings to more easily reproducible
discs
1913: The portable phonograph is manufactured.
1915: Radiotelephone carries voice from Virginia to the Eiffel Tower
1916: Tunable radios invented.
1919: Short-wave radio is invented.
1920: KDKA-AM in Pittsburgh, United States, becoming the world's first
commercial radio station.
1922: BBC is formed and broadcasting to London.
1924: KDKA created a short-wave radio transmitter.
1925: BBC broadcasting to the majority of the UK.
1926: NBC is formed
1927: The Jazz Singer: The first motion picture with sounds debuts
1927: Philo Taylor Farnsworth debuts the first electronic television
system
1928: The Teletype was introduced.
1933: Edwin Armstrong invents FM Radio
1934: Half of the homes in the U.S. have radios.
1935: First telephone call made around the world.
1936: BBC opened world's first regular (then defined as at least 200 lines)
high definition television service.
1938: The War of the Worlds is broadcast on October 30, causing mass
hysteria.
1939: Western Union introduces coast-to-coast fax service.
1939: Regular electronic television broadcasts begin in the U.S.
1939: The wire recorder is invented in the U.S.
1940: The first commercial television station, WNBT (now WNBC-TV)/New
York signs on the air
1951: The first color televisions go on sale
1957: Sputnik is launched and sends back signals from near earth orbit
1959: Xerox makes the first copier
1960: Echo I, a U.S. balloon in orbit, reflects radio signals to Earth.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

1962: Telstar satellite transmits an image across the Atlantic.
1963: Audio cassette is invented in the Netherlands.
1963: Martin Luther King gives "I have a dream" speech.
1965: Vietnam War becomes first war to be televised.
1967: Newspapers, magazines start to digitize production.
1969: Man's first landing on the moon is broadcast to 600 million people
around the globe.
1970s: ARPANET, progenitor to the internet developed
1971: Intel debuts the microprocessor
1972: Pong becomes the first video game to win widespread popularity.
1976: JVC introduces VHS videotape - becomes the standard consumer
format in the 1980s & 1990s.
1980: CNN launches
1980: New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones put news database
online.
1981: The laptop computer is introduced by Tandy.
1983: Cellular phones begin to appear
1984: Apple Macintosh is introduced.
1985: Pay-per-view channels open for business.
1991: World-Wide Web (WWW) publicly released by Tim Berners-Lee at
CERN.
1993: CERN announces that the WWW will be free for anyone to use.
1995: The internet grows exponentially
1996: First DVD players and discs are available in Japan. Twister is the
first film on DVD.

Purposes

Mass media can be used for various purposes:

• Advocacy, both for business and social concerns. This can include
advertising, marketing, propaganda, public relations, and
political communication.
• Enrichment and education, such as literature.
• Entertainment, traditionally through performances of acting, music, and
sports, along with light reading; since the late 20th century also
through video and computer games.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

• Journalism. Public service announcements.

Journalism

Journalism is a discipline of collecting, analyzing, verifying, and presenting

information regarding current events, trends, issues and people. Those
who practice journalism are known as journalists.

Public relations

Public relations is the art and science of managing communication between

an organization and its key publics to build, manage and sustain its positive
image. Examples include:
• Corporations use marketing public relations (MPR) - Typically, they
support sales in the short and long term, establishing and burnishing the
corporation's branding for a strong, ongoing market.
• Corporations also use public-relations as a vehicle - they may use public
relations to portray themselves as enlightened employers, in support of
human-resources recruiting programs.
• Non-profit organizations - including schools and universities, hospitals,
and human and social service agencies, use public relations in support of
awareness programs, fund-raising programs, staff recruiting, and to
increase patronage of their services. Politicians use public relations to
attract votes and raise money, and, when successful at the ballot box, to
promote and defend their service in office, with an eye to the next election
or, at career’s end, to their legacy.
Forms

Electronic media and print media include:

• Broadcasting, in the narrow sense, for radio and television.
• Various types of discs or tape. In the 20th century, these were mainly
used for music. Video and computer uses followed.
• Film, most often used for entertainment, but also for documentaries.
• Internet, which has many uses and presents both opportunities and
challenges. Blogs and podcasts, such as news, music, pre-recorded speech
and video)
• Publishing, in the narrow sense, meaning on paper, mainly via books,
magazines, and newspapers. Computer games, which have developed into
a mass form of media since devices such as the PlayStation 2 , Xbox, and
the Game Cube broadened their use.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Broadcasting

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals (programs)

to a number of recipients ("listeners" or "viewers") that belong to a large
group. This group may be the public in general, or a relatively large
audience within the public. Thus, an Internet channel may distribute text
or music world-wide, while a public address system in (for example) a
workplace may broadcast very limited ad hoc soundbites to a small
population within its range.

Film

Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as

well as the field in general. The origin of the name comes from the fact that
photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary
medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Films are produced
by recording people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using
animation techniques and/or special effects.

Internet

The Internet (also known simply as "the Net") can be briefly understood as
"a network of networks". Specifically, it is the worldwide, publicly accessible
network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by
packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It consists of
millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and governmental
networks, which together carry various information and services, such as
electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked Web pages
and other documents of the World Wide Web.

Contrary to some common usage, the Internet and the World Wide Web are
not synonymous: the Internet is a collection of interconnected computer
networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections
etc.; the Web is a collection of interconnected documents, linked by
hyperlinks and URLs.

The World Wide Web is accessible via the Internet, along with many other
services including e-mail, file sharing.

Publishing

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Publishing is the industry concerned with the production of literature or
information – the activity of making information available for public view.
In some cases, authors may be their own publishers. Traditionally, the term
refers to the distribution of printed works such as books and newspapers.
With the advent
of digital information systems and the Internet, the scope of publishing has
expanded to include websites, blogs, and the like.

Book

A book is a collection of sheets of paper, parchment or other material with

a piece of text written on them, bound together along one edge within
covers.

Magazine

A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles,

generally financed by advertising and/or purchase by readers. Magazines
are typically published weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or
quarterly, with a date on the cover that is in advance of the date it is
actually published. They are often printed in color on coated paper, and are
bound with a soft cover.
Magazines fall into two broad categories: consumer magazines and business
magazines

Magazines can be classified as:

• General interest magazines (e.g. Frontline, India Today, The Week, etc)
• Special interest magazines (women's, sports, business, scuba diving, etc)

Newspaper

A newspaper is a publication containing news and information and

advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. It may be
general or special interest, most often published daily or weekly. The first
printed newspaper was published in 1605, and the form has thrived even in
the face of competition from technologies such as radio and television.
Recent developments on the Internet are posing major threats to its
business model, however.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Software publishing

A software publisher is a publishing company in the software industry

between the developer and the distributor.
Software publishers often license software from developers with specific
limitations, such as a time limit or geographical region. The terms of
licensing vary enormously, and are typically secret. Developers may use
publishers to reach larger or foreign markets, or to avoid focusing on
marketing. Or publishers may use developers to create software to meet a
market need that the publisher has identified.

Video and computer games

Namco's Pac-Man was a hit, and became a cultural phenomenon. The game
spawned merchandise, a cartoon series and pop songs, and was one of the
most heavily cloned video games of all-time. A computer game is a
computer-controlled game. A video game is a computer game where a video
display such as a monitor or television is the primary feedback device. The
term "computer game" also includes games which
display only text (and which can therefore theoretically be played on a
teletypewriter) or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration.
There always must also be some sort of input device, usually in the form of
button/joystick combinations (on arcade games), a keyboard &
mouse/trackball combination (computer games), or a controller (console
games), or a combination of any of the above. In common usage, a
"computer game" or a "PC game" refers to a game that is played on a
personal computer. "Console game" refers to one that is played on a device
specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standard
television set. "Video game" (or "videogame") has evolved into a catchall
phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for
any other device, including, but not limited to, mobile phones,

PDAs, advanced calculators, etc.

LXT Media Press Information

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

INFORMATION 2- LO# 1
INDUSTRY INFORMATION SOURCES

Industries are groups of companies that sell the same products or

services. For example, companies such as General Motors and Toyota make
up the automobile manufacturing industry. Some of the sources on this
guide provide short summaries of numerous industries; others analyze
particular industries in detail. Some include information on buyers as well
as sellers of particular products or services. 

The sources on this guide are a sample of important print and online
industry resources. They include books at Rod Library, online sources to
which Rod Library subscribes (marked with an *), and other web sources
which at this time are free or partially free. Call numbers are listed under
the titles of print sources available at the library. Underlined titles can be
accessed via the web. If accessing a Rod Library subscription database from
off campus, you will be prompted for your last name and UNI student ID
number.

Other Library User Guides go into more detail on finding information on

topics such as accounting, companies, economics, finance, financial ratios,
industries, management, and marketing.

Industry Information Sources guide will help you locate information on

industries. It is selective, including only major titles in the field. For
additional resources check the Library Catalog under the appropriate
subject headings, or ask for assistance from a reference librarian.

I. ARTICLE INDEXES

Business Source Premier, Lexis-Nexis, and Business & Company

Resource Center, can all be accessed via the Libraries' homepage,
(http://library.lib.binghamton.edu) under metaLink, then Management and
Business.
Business Source Premier

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

This full text database provides access to over 1000 business and economics
journals. It also contains company and industry profiles, country reports,
and market research reports.
Business & Company Resource Center
Click on Industry to search for reports by industry code (SIC or NAICS) or by
keyword. Click Articles to find articles from industry and trade magazines.
LEXIS-NEXIS
To find industry articles, click on Business, then Industry & Market and
then select your industry. Articles are full-text.

II. INDUSTRY CODES

North American Industry Classification System Ref HF 1042 .N66 2002

This is the new system, devised by the Department of Commerce, to replace
the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. Numerous business
directories and government publications use the codes.
Standard Industrial Classification Manual Ref HF 1042 .A55
This is a guide to Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes, which are
codes assigned to products and services by the U.S. government. Replaced
in July 1998 by the NAIC manual, above.
Standard International Trade Classification Revision 3 Ref HF
1041 .U56 1986
This is the set of broad industry codes used by the United Nations. There is
no relation to either the SIC or NAIC codes used by the United States.
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States Gov. Docs ITC 1.10
International product category codes used by importers and exporters.

III. INFORMATION ABOUT INDUSTRIES

Standard and Poors' Industry Surveys Ref HC 102 .S8

This quarterly survey provides analysis of U.S. industries. Each section has
several statistical tables, and information about individual companies within
specific industries.
Automotive News Market Data Book Ref HD 9710 .U5 A85
Has detailed statistics for the world auto industry, with the main emphasis
on the United States. Includes sales, production, prices, etc.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Business & Company Resource Center Internet database
Contains industry reports. See description on first page.
Business Statistics of the United States Ref Desk HC 101 .A13122
Has historical statistics on production, capacity, employment, orders,
inventories, etc. Look in the Table of Contents under "Industry Profiles".
County Business Patterns...New York Ref HC 107 .N7 C85
Very basic industry information for Broome County.
Industry Review Ref HG .4961 .M68
Has comparative financial statistics on individual public companies
arranged by industry.
Information, Finance, & Services USA Ref HD 9981.1 .I54
Contains industry analyses, statistics, and information on leading
companies. Arranged by NAICS code.
Infrastructure Industries USA Ref HC 79 C3 I54
Covers the agriculture, mining, utilities, construction, and transportation
industries.
Manufacturing & Distribution USA Ref HD 9721.M364
Contains industry analyses, statistics, and information on leading
companies. Arranged by NAICS code.
Statistical Abstract of the United States Info Commons Ref DeskHA
206 .S8
Published annually by the U.S. government. Look under the industry name
in the index.
Ward's Automotive Yearbook Ref HD 9710 .U5 W3
Has statistics for the automotive industry, with a focus on North America.

IV. BUSINESS RATIOS

These sources provide the operating and financial ratios of many industries,
arranged by SIC code.
Almanac of Business and Industrial Financial Ratios Ref HF 5681 .R25
T68
Industry Norms and Key Business Ratios Ref HF 5681 .R25 I54
RMA Annual Statement Studies Ref HF 5681 .B2 R6
Colleen Hailey/Bartle Reference & Collections/Binghamton University/8-06

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

 Philippines Select
Country 
Country > Trade Information Sources > Selected Printed Information
Sources
Records 101 to 112 Total Records : 112 Page [ 1  2  3  4  5]
Sr.# Title Year Publisher
Philippine Exporters Philippine Exporters
101  
Confederation  Confederation, Inc. 
Philippines. Board of
102   Philippines. Board of Investments 
Investments 
Philippines. Center for
Center for International Trade
103 International Trade  
Expositions and Missions 
Expositions and Missions 
Philippines. Chamber of Philippines. Chamber of Furniture
104  
Furniture Industries  Industries 
Philippines. Department of Trade
Philippines. Department of
105   and Industry. Trade and Industry
Trade and Industry 
Information Center 
106 Philippines. e-Yellow Pages    Philippines. E-Yellow Pages 
Philippines. Investor Philipines. Investor Relations
107  
Relations Office   Office  
Philippines. Motor Vehicle
Philippines. Motor Vehicle Parts
108 Parts Manufacturers  
Manufacturers Association  
Association  
Philippines. National
Philippines. National Economic
109 Economic and Development  
Development Authority  
Authority (NEDA) 
Philippines. Official
110    
Government Portal 
Philippines. Department of Trade
111 Tradeline Philippines    and Industry. Bureau of Export
Trade Promotion 

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

United Coconut Associations
United Coconut Associations of
112 of the Philippines, Inc.  
the Philippines, Inc. 
(UCAP) 

Information Technology in The Philippines

Impacts of National Information Technology Environments on Business

Sources and Links

 The Philippine Star, A daily newspaper from Manila

 Business World - Internet Edition

 American Journalism Review, A List of Philippines Newspapers

 Republic of the Philippines, National Statistics Office

 The Asia/Pacific IT Forum, A conference in Asia on IT issues. The theme

of this year's (January 2000) will be "Navigating the New Economy in the
World's Most Dynamic IT Markets."

 The Philippine Commission on Year 2000 Compliance, The Philippines'

official Y2K website on preparing for the millenium bug.

 The Philippines, A country study done by the Library of Congress.

 Information on the Philippines, another country study with various links

to country information.

 IT Matters Daily News, from Manila

 ASEAN, The Associaton of South East Asian Nations

 The World Bank Group, data and statistics on third world/developing

countries

 US State Department, Bureau of Consular Affairs, The Philippines

Consular Information Sheet

 Embassy of the United States in Manila

 The Philippines Government, Department of Trade and Industry

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

 The Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, the country's major
telecommunications provider

 The International Telecommunications Union

 Ecommerce Today, an Australian site providing great articles on

ecommerce in the Asia-Pacific region

 NUA Internet Surveys, the latest on Internet development and progress

 Telecommunications at a Glance, statistics provided by ITU by country or

telecom operator

 Telegeography, Inc., statistics, maps and reports on network

infrastructure around the globe

 Philippines sites,provided by Jetlink, a Filipino ISP

 ISP directory, for the Philippines

 Philippines search engines, and other great links to informational sites on

the Philippines, provided by the Department of Trade and Industry

 Philippines Information, more links to sites on the Philippines

 Doing Business in the Philippines, Provided by Far East Bank and Trust
Company

 Internet Software Consortium, resource for Host counts done by Network

Wizards

 Global Crossing, owns most of the trans-oceanic cable

 APEC, Asian Pacific Economic Corporation

 Federal Communications Commission, International Bureau

 Asian Development Bank, data and statistics for the Asia-Pacific region

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Footnotes

General Information on the Philippines

1
"Destination the Philippines," Lonely Planet
(http://www.lonelyplanet.com/dest/sea/phil.html), current November 11,
1999.

Telecommunications Infrastructure
1
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.
2
"Quantum DDB Philippines Inc. 1999 Planning Session Report," Prepared
for MCI WorldCom, October 15, 1998, Pasig City, Philippines.
3
"Quantum DDB Philippines Inc. 2000 Communications Plan Report,"
Prepared for MCI WorldCom, October, 1999, Pasig City, Philippines.
4
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.
5
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999 and "Basic Indicators of
Teledensity in the World," International Telecommunications Union
(November 1999), (http://www.itu.int/ti/industryoverview/index.htm),
current November 30, 1999.
6
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.
7
"Cellular Subscribers in the World," International Telecommunications
Union (November 1999),
(http://www.itu.int/ti/industryoverview/index.htm), current November 30,
1999.
8
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.
9
"Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) Builds Path to Next-
Generation Network Services with Cisco Systems Equipment," (December 6,
1999) Cisco System's Asia Pacific New and Information
(http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/146/asia_pr/december99/2.html),
current December 9, 1999.

"PLDT - Company Information," PLDT (http://www.pldt.com.ph), current

10

December 2, 1999.
11
"Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) Builds Path to Next-
Generation Network Services with Cisco Systems Equipment," (December 6,
1999) Cisco System's Asia Pacific New and Information
(http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/146/asia_pr/december99/2.html),
current December 9, 1999.
12
"PhIX Network," PhIX - Philippines Internet Exchange
(http://www.phix.net.ph/phix/network.html), current December 2, 1999.

"Quantum DDB Philippines Inc. Brand Review," Prepared for MCI

13

WorldCom, April 15, 1999, Pasig City, Philippines.

14
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

Privatization and Deregulation

"Quantum DDB Philippines Inc. Brand Review," Prepared for MCI

1

WorldCom, April 15, 1999, Pasig City, Philippines.

2
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

"Quantum DDB Philippines Inc. Brand Review," Prepared for MCI

7

WorldCom, April 15, 1999, Pasig City, Philippines.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

13
"Quantum DDB Philippines Inc. 1999 Planning Session Report," Prepared
for MCI WorldCom, October 15, 1998, Pasig City, Philippines.

Internet Activity
1
"MosCom - Company Information," MosCom
(http://www.mozcom.com/company/profile.html), current December 2,
1999.
2
"Paul Budde Communcations: 240 Percent Growth in Asia Since 1996,"
(August 14, 1997) NUA Internet Surveys (http://www.nua.ie/surveys),
current November 9, 1999.
3
"Paul Budde Communcations: Asian ISP Market Needs to Focus,"
(December 18, 1998) NUA Internet Surveys (http://www.nua.ie/surveys),
current November 9, 1999.

7
"Techserver: Demographic Projections for Asia," (September 10, 1998) NUA
Internet Surveys (http://www.nua.ie/surveys), current November 9, 1999.
8
Yao-Endriga, M. "Philcomsat Pins Hopes on Satellite Internet Services," The
Philippine Star, October 15, 1999.
9
"Internet Domain Survey," (July 1999) Internet Software Consortium
(http://www.isc.org/ds/WWW-9907/dist-bynum.html), current November
30, 1999.
10
"PhIX Frequently Asked Questions," PhIX - Philippines Internet Exchange
(http://www.phix.net.ph/phix/faq.html), current December 2, 1999.
11
"PhilWorld Online Internet Services," PhilWorld Online
(http://www.cebu.pworld.net.ph/services.htm), current December 6, 1999.
12
"MosCom - Company Information,"MosCom
(http://www.mozcom.com/company/profile.html), current December 2,
1999.

Each ISP was surveyed individually (via the website or personal

15

communication) for pricing plans or quotes for services provided. Last

current December 2, 1999.

Hardware Manufacturing

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

1
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

Software Development
1
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

Electronic Commerce
1
"Singapore Business Times: Malaysia to Lead Internet Growth in Asia,"
(October 29, 1997) NUA Internet Surveys (http://www.nua.ie/surveys),
current November 9, 1999.
2
"Briefing Paper on ASEAN Economic Integration," Association of South East
Asian Nations (ASEAN) (hhttp://www.asean.or.id), current November 20,
1999.
3
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
(September 1999), World Bank Group (http://www.worldbank.org), current
November 20, 1999.
4
"Statistics on the size of sales for exports and imports in the Philippines,"
The Philippines Department of Trade and Industry
(http://www.philtins.dti.gov.ph), current November 20, 1999.

IT Usage
1
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

IT Financing
1
"Philippines to invest US$582 million in IT," (April 7, 1999), ComputerWorld
Philippines (http://it.idg.net/crd_it_9-51553.html), current December 10,
1999.
2
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.
3
"Philippines to invest US$582 million in IT," (April 7, 1999), ComputerWorld
Philippines (http://it.idg.net/crd_it_9-51553.html), current December 10,
1999.
4
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

6
"Philippines to invest US$582 million in IT," (April 7, 1999), ComputerWorld
Philippines (http://it.idg.net/crd_it_9-51553.html), current December 10,
1999.

IT Labour Market

"Quantum DDB Philippines Inc. Brand Review," Prepared for MCI

1

WorldCom, April 15, 1999, Pasig City, Philippines.

2
Ferriols, D. "Number of Japanese Firms with Backroom Operations in RP
Seen to Double," The Philippine Star, October 30, 1999.
4
Goad, G.P. "At Your Service," Far Eastern Economic Review, September 2,
1999.

6
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

Goad, G.P. "At Your Service," Far Eastern Economic Review, September 2,
11

1999.
12
"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"
IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

Government Policies

"The Dynamics of the Information Technology Industry in the Philippines,"

1

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

IT Action Agenda for the 21st Century (October 1997), National Information
Technology Council (http://www.neda.gov.ph/IT21/IT21Final%20Text
%20(Web).htm), current December 9, 1999.

INFORMATION 3- LO# 1
PHILIPPINE TOURISM INDUSTRY AND ITS SERVICES

1Mission

The Department of Tourism (DOT) shall be the primary government agency

charged with the responsibility to encourage, promote, and develop tourism
as a major socio-economic activity to generate foreign currency and
employment and to spread the benefits of tourism to both the private and
public sector.
 

History

1950s- Started as a private initiative, the Philippine Tourist & Travel

Association was organized.

1956 - The Board of Travel & Tourist Industry was created by law.

- The Department of Tourism (DOT), Philippine Tourism

1973
Authority (PTA), and Philippine Convention Bureau (PCB) were created by
the Philippine government.

- Under Executive Order no. 120 and 120-A, DOT and PCB were
1986
reorganized structurally and functionally. PCB was renamed Philippine
Convention & Visitors Corporation.
 

Functions

Office of the Secretary

The Office of the Secretary provides leadership, direction, and substance to
the overall operations of the Department. It formulates policies, plans ,
programs, rules, and regulations; reviews and evaluates the performance of

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

the Tourism Master Plan and advises the President on all matters affecting
the tourism program of the country.

Tourism Promotions Sector

The Tourism Promotion Sector has the primary function of promoting the
Philippines as a tourist destination domestically and internationally. It
devises integrated marketing and promotional activities such as information
dissemination, public relations, special events, and related tourism
programs. It likewise supervises the overseas field offices established to
implement and enhance the tourism development and promotion program of
the Department in the international field.
Tourism Services and Regional Offices Sector
The Tourism Services and Regional Offices Sector is tasked to ensure the
pleasant entry, stay, and exit of tourists. It formulates standards of quantity
and efficiency for tourism-oriented establishments, among others, done
through an accreditation system. Tourist establishments' compliance to
policies are monitored to make sure that their facilities and services are
operated and maintained according to acceptable international norms. The
Sector also supervises DOT's regional operations established to implement
the policies, plans, programs, and regulations of the Department and to
maintain the delivery of efficient and effective frontline services for the
tourism industry.
Planning, Product Development and Coordination
The Tourism Planning, Product Development and Coordination Sector is
responsible for the formulation and updating of the Tourism Master Plan,
together with its component programs. The Sector monitors the effective
implementation of the Tourism Master Plan and, in coordination with the
private sector and other government institutions , develops and
conceptualizes new products and investment opportunities designed to
enhance tourist sites and facilities.
Internal Services Sector
The Internal Services Sector ensures the smooth and legal functioning of the
operations of the Department through the provision of effective and efficient
advice and services in the areas of personnel management, human
resources development, general services administration, computerization
and information technology services, budgetary, financial and management
services, and including investigatory and advisory services.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Primer on Tourism Investment

Who may invest?

Anyone, regardless of nationality, is welcome to invest in the

Philippines. With the liberalization of the foreign investment law, 100%
foreign equity may be allowed in all areas of investment except those
reserved for Filipinos by mandate of the Philippine Constitution and existing
laws..

What requirements must be complied with before a foreign corporation can do business in the
Philippines?

A foreign corporation must first secure the necessary licenses or

registrations from the appropriate government bodies. In the case of
corporations or partnerships, the necessary incorporation papers from the
Securities and Exchange Commission must first be obtained. In the case of
single proprietorship, registration from the Bureau of Trade Regulation &
Consumer Protection of the Department of Trade and Industry must be
secured.

What is the general policy of the government for foreign investments?

The government recognizes the pivotal role of private sector

investments and, thereby, commits to continuously enhance the business
climate. Foreign investments are encouraged to fill in capital gaps, help
provide employment, increase production, and provide a base for the overall
development of the economy.

 Investment rules and regulations have thus been liberalized to

facilitate entry of foreign investments.

Are foreigners allowed to lease land?

Foreign investors investing in the Philippines can now lease private lands up
to 75 years. Based on R.A. No. 7652, entitled “Investor’s Lease Act”, lease
agreements may be entered into with Filipino landowners. Lease period is 50

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

years, renewable once for another 25 years. For tourism projects, the lease
shall be limited to projects with an investment of not less than US$5M, 70%
of which shall be infused in said project within 3 years from signing of the
lease contract.

INFORMATION SHEET 4-LO# 1

Information to assist effective work performance

Six Ways to Become More Efficient at Work And At Home

Most of us are eager to give of ourselves and then give some more.
Whether it's giving advice to friends or coworkers, volunteering for activities
in the community or at our child's school or just saying yes to every request
that comes our way. What happens with all this giving is you become so
buried under a mountain of responsibilities that the most important things
in your life suffer. You have to take time for yourself and your family. One
way to do this is to become more efficient in every area of your life. Let's look
at six ways to become efficient.

1) Schedule your day. If you have to, get up an hour early each day
and write out your plan for the day. Then prioritize each task on your list
and put it in order of priority. Schedule what you need to do into a planning
sheet and block out time to get it accomplished. Do this every single day,
even on the weekends.

2) Stop trying to multi-task. Turn off the email notification function

on your computer. Email kills your concentration and makes you lose focus
on what you were doing. Don't get side lined by interruptions from others. If
you are trying to finish a report for an important client or meeting, don't
accept a request from a drop-in visitor who "just has a quick question"

3) Learn to control self-interruption. You are at your desk

absorbed in your work, when all of a sudden you brain starts talking to you.
It reminds you of something that you need to tell a coworker or an important
task that you need to take care of. Instead of grabbing the phone or shooting
off an email, write down what you need to tell that person or the task that

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

you need to do in a separate binder that you keep for such purposes. Keep
working on your current project and set aside time later to take care of
things on your binder list.

4) Say NO more often. Know what your priorities are. When

someone requests something of you and it doesn't fit into your priorities,
just say no. You don't have to justify your answer with a long explanation or
excuse.

5) Delegate as much as you can. We often think we can do

everything ourselves, or that others will not devote as much care to the task
as we would have. That is delusion, as we do not have enough time to do all
that anyway. Other coworkers or other members of your family could easily
do some of the tasks. Get away from the thinking that you are the only one
who can do the job right.

6) Stop trying to be perfect. Some tasks can be done and are just
as successful even if they are not perfect. Trying to be perfect with
everything will slow you down and cause too much un-needed stress in your
life.

Your time is a very precious resource that should not be wasted.

Efficiency is the key to getting things accomplished in your work and at
home. Implement the above steps and you will find yourself accomplishing
more in less time, and with less stress.

Time Management

What is Time Management?

by: Joe Dostal

What is time management, then? Time management is the proper delegation

of the time we have in order that the most important tasks are achieved
before the more menial and less-important ones. It means getting the
maximum value and benefit out of every activity accomplished, no matter
how small or big. It means accepting that not everything can be completed
at the same time and that there are things that can be achieved within the
limitations of our human faculties

If we waste time, there is no bank where we can withdraw time we

previously saved to replace the time wasted. To come to terms with our
mortality is to realize that our time is limited. Given this realization and

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

probability that you would like to better organize your time, here are some
techniques that you can use in your professional and private lives.

How To Organize Your Time

Time management technique 1: Assess how you spend your time

As a first step in managing time better, you might want to analyze how you spend your time
now. To do this, divide your day into fifteen-minute segments, then record what you are
doing every fifteen minutes. Afterward, review this time diary and total the time spent on
each activity throughout the day.

For instance, you might that you spent three hours watching television, one
hour exercising, one hour studying, and two hours shopping. Next, evaluate
the use of time. You might decide you spend too much time watching TV
and too little time studying. Based upon this evaluation, decide on an
adjustment, but make it specific. A good way to make this change is to draw
up a contract with yourself that includes a reward for being successful.

Time management technique 2: Set Goals

The most important thing you can do to manage time is to set goals: daily,
weekly, monthly, yearly and long-range. If you don’t have a clear sense of
where you are headed just yet, you will not be able to plan how to get there.
Your use of time should be organized to maximize the chances of achieving
your goals.

Time management technique 3: Learn to prioritize

Once you have defined your goals, you need to prioritize them and your
activities. Not all of your goals will be equally important. Focus on those
goals that are of major importance to you, and work on the other goals
secondarily. Likewise, focus on activities most important to the achievement
of your highest goals and on other activities afterward.

Time management technique 4: If you can't juggle,delegate

It’s okay to admit that you’re not superman or superwoman. We’re only
human and we simply cannot do everything at once, no matter how hard we
try. Some people have attempted at juggling too many things at the same
time and ended up with work that is half-baked. Seek the assistance of
other people to do the other things for you. Conversely, do not just accept
and say ‘yes’ when people ask you to do things for them when you know you
don’t have the time to do so.

Time management technique 5: Saying ‘no’ is not bad

If you really have to turn someone or something down, don’t hesitate to say
‘no’. Assess what is really important to you and go with that, instead. Some
people feel guilty when they say ‘no’. You shouldn’t. It is your right and
privilege to turn somebody down when he or she asks a favor from you.
Remember, you own your time. Allowing other people to dictate what you
should do with it is a disservice to yourself.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Time management technique 6: Keep a schedule
Once you’ve prioritized your activities, you can then schedule them into you
day. Time of meetings - When will you go to the library? When will you shop
for groceries? Don’t forget to schedule some relaxation and recreation, as
well.

Time management technique 7: Maximize your rewards

In scheduling your activities, remember what some time management
experts say: we get 80% of our rewards on only 20% of our activities and,
conversely, get only 20% of our rewards on 80% of the time we spend. What
this tells us is that we need to make sure we identify and engage in the 20%
of the activities that give us 80% of our rewards before we move to the other
activities. Maximize your rewards by organizing your time.

As you can see from the techniques mentioned above, time, while short and
fleeting, is something that can be managed even by mere human beings like
us. The best way to cope with it is to know early on what we want to happen
to our lives and which directions we’d like to head, in order for us to more
effectively map out a life plan. If we don’t know what our plans are, then it
wouldn’t really make sense to get into time management because we’ll just
end up with one big mess of activities.

Determine what you want first and then seek to manage your time.
Remember, every second is precious, so you need to speed up. It’s for your
own sake, anyway.

SELF IMPROVEMENT

1. Creativity - Intuitive or Learned by Dorothy M. Neddermeyer, PhD

Have you wondered why some people seem to have a lot of creativity?
Some believe we are born with such gifts and others believe it is
learned. It is probably a combination of both-creative expression is
enhanced with the ability to be fully aware of and present in the
moment one is in.
2. Intuitive Decision Making by Dorothy M. Neddermeyer, PhD
The majority of people only recognize decision-making as a powerful
step when it is done for major important issues-where to go for
vacation, spending money, changing a job/career, moving, etc.
However, it is all the little decisions in your life that creates where you
are today.
3. Danger of the Fear Story by Mark I Myhre
Everybody loves a good story. But when it comes to fear, telling

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

yourself a story about it can be dangerous. Learn how you do it, and
how to end it.
4. Being There - The Greatest Gift by Dorothy M. Neddermeyer, PhD
The greatest gift you can give someone is an act of 'just being there.'
This concept is nearly unfathomable to many people. Whether your
'just being there' is related to a specific situation or is an ongoing
commitment, you each benefit from the experience. To be there for
some one is to 'be there' in challenging times as well as the good
times.
5. Innocence by Dorothy M. Neddermeyer, PhD
We are born with complete innocence-free of guilt, sin, with purity of
heart and blameless. As we assimilate a myriad of adaptations and
indoctrinations from our family, culture, neighborhood, religion,
education, etc., we lose our innocence. By reconnecting with our inner
child, we can experience the world with the same wonder and joy we
experienced as a child.
6. We Were Abused Children - How Do We Recover? by Glen D. Williams
Sure, there are rare cases where kids suffer continuous, extensive
abuse over multiple years, but the vast majority of abused children
have experienced at most, a few traumatic sexual or violent abuse
events over the course of 18 years of childhood. I don't mean to
minimize what you may have suffered... even one traumatic event is
too much. As tragic as it is, the biggest tragedy is the way we often
ruin decades of our lives by not facing it, putting it in perspective and
putting it behind us. Recovery is possible for all of us if we want it
enough to work for it.
7. Intent by Dorothy M. Neddermeyer, PhD
Intent is the key to achieving your goals. Frequently we are doing one
thing-thinking that we are creating another. We need to systematically
focus on the intent of our actions at every step. There is nothing
wrong with multitasking, which seems necessary with today's
demands. However, balancing multitasking with intentional activity
provides valuable insight into the benefits of doing one thing at a time,
being totally present with the task of our intent.
8. Programming Your Mind For Self Development by Pushpa Pal Singh
The human mind is the master computer which controls your body
and your actions. It's like an empty hard drive therefore you're
affected by whatever you install into it. The functions you install can
be either positive or negative. You are bombarded with different
thoughts, sounds, people, and images all the time. The human mind
is such that it takes into account everything that's around you. What
you truly need to learn is how to program this master computer to
ignore the negative thoughts and only concentrate the positive ones.
Therefore what are the steps to controlling this master computer?
Read on to find out.
9. Achieve The Impossible - Break The Rules by Pushpa Pal Singh
Everyone wants to become special; everyone has a dream to make it
big some day. Everyone get out of his house each day with an aim in

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

his mind but not all of them end up achieving their goals. Most of us
hold ourselves back waiting for the right moment or the perfect
circumstance. But you know what they moment never comes until
you make it happen. Every person wants to become successful and
achieve the impossible overnight but you must understand that it's
not as easy as it sounds. You need to take the first step towards your
goal first. You need to make progress, Progress might be slow at first
but with time you would realize that the process speeds up as you get
better at it.
10. Having Faith In Your Own Talents by Steven Fu
Why are you doing something that you do not like to do to earn a
small amount of money, when you can easily do what you love to do
and earn more money.
11. Great Individuals Take Action by Steven Fu
Most people have great thoughts to improve their lives but they just
remain as that...
12. What Life Means - What 'Meaning' Means by G.B. Singh
Before we ask the question as to what life means, we must answer the
more basic question as to what meaning, in itself, means.
13. How To Be A Strong Communicator by Pushpa Pal Singh
You can listen to thousands of people watch & listen to millions of TV
or radio shows but that does not mean that you would be the same
when it comes to the mastery of words. In the process of
communication it's all about the delivery of right words with the right
physical expressions. Therefore how to master this art of
conversation? The best way to start is by recording your own voice.
14. Write Your Own Destiny - Take Control Right Now by Pushpa
Pal Singh
One of the most common phrase which is very widely used is- "This is
my destiny". Many people think their life is pre-written and whatever
events or circumstances they go through are already planned by some
higher power. Remember one simple fact about life - "Circumstances
do not make a man they reveal him". Just like this saying
circumstances only give you an indication that your life is not in your
control. Circumstances are made by the man himself. Events don't
just happen they are a direct result of the actions taken by you.
15. How To Change Your Life For Good by Pushpa Pal Singh
Are you really happy with your life? Are you living your dream? Is this
really what you wanted out of your life? If you are confused about all
these questions than you definitely need a change. Almost everyone
aspires to get the most out of life in whatever shape or form it might
be. But some of us get carried away by the circumstances so much
that we don't know where we are in life and whether we are living our
dreams or not. All of us go through several problems and sometimes it
becomes a big obstacle and we forget our dreams and talk about
reality. We get so negative that we forget our dreams and think this is
life and we need to survive.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

16. Discovered - First Thought by Ralston Heath
A skill for a better life.
17. What Is Your Vibration? That Is The Question To Know by Liesl
Anderson
What are the vibrations you are putting out into the universe? Find
out how to bring into your life peace, happiness, wealth and more by
changing your focus and your vibrations.
18. Dream On - The Top 10 Ways to Reconnect to Your Dreams by
Kamin Bell
Do you have a dream for your life? Does it feel like it's too far away to
make a reality? Do you have a plan and a vision for realizing your
dreams? I truly know what it's like to have a dream that seems
unattainable but that just won't leave you alone. And, I know the
exhilaration of creating a plan and seeing my dream manifest. In this
article you will learn ten ways to reconnect with your dreams and
move toward making them come true.
19. Keeping Control And Building Momentum by Sam S K Khan
If you see that something's not working, you make adjustments. But
man, the worst thing you can do is quit.
20. Brainwashed? by H. Bernard Wechsler
Are you in danger of becoming a Cyborg?
21. Alternatives to Speed by Mike Scantlebury
Who do we think we are fooling? When we rush around hectically,
always hurrying, do we seriously think that people are conned into
believing that what we are doing is important, and where we are going
means anything? Are we rushing in order to convince ourselves that
any of it really matters?
22. Hinduism, Karma and the Law of Attraction by Paul Warren
Positive thinking, which is an oft quoted phrase in the law of
attraction, also finds its place in Hinduism.
23. FEAR - The Dream Killer! by Royleena Nicholas
Many online marketers live in fear on a daily basis, fear of failure and
fear of success. Have your been marketing your heart out, do you feel
like you're making no headway to profit, then perhaps fear is stopping
you from reaching the monetary success you desire. To make money
online, it is best to face your negative unproductive thoughts, learn
positive strategies and set goals with a realistic time frame to achieve
online success.
24. The Magic Of Love by Helene Rothschild
Would you like to receive the magic of love? Are you willing to give it?
Try this - For one day, consciously make an effort to be loving or kind
to everyone you see, with no expectations of receiving anything in
return.
25. Freedom or Security by Jeffrey De Lara
Financial security or financial freedom? What will you choose? Are
you confident enough to pursue your dream?

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

26. How To Stop The Inner Critic by Colin Smith
A short article that describes how we can change our 'inner critics',
enabling us to experience more inner peace.
27. Ways to Connect and Give Back by Joanna Engelman
This article is about the importance of connecting to others and giving
back. The most precious part of being alive is being seen and heard
and seeing and hearing others.
28. Get Your Mind Right by Dianna Hobbs
Until you get your mind right you'll never be able to get your life right.
Why? Because nothing in your life can exceed your level of thinking.
Your reality cannot supersede your mentality. So, if you want bigger
and better results, then you've got to get a bigger and better vision for
your life. You can think your way to a whole new plateau or to an all-
time low. Which will it be?
29. How to Become A Money Magnet and Attract Wealth Effortlessly
by Hanif Khaki
How to become a money magnet at the push of a button.

SELF-CHECK

TRUE OR FALSE: Read and analyze the following statement/s

determine whether if it is TRUE or FALSE.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

__________________1. The Tourism Planning, Product Development and
Coordination Sector is responsible for the formulation and
updating of the Tourism Master Plan, together with its component
programs.
__________________2. Time management is the proper delegation of the
time we have in order that the most important tasks are achieved
before the more menial and less-important ones. It means getting
the maximum value and benefit out of every activity accomplished,
no matter how small or big.

___________________3. Foreign investments are encouraged to fill in

capital gaps, help provide employment, increase production, and
provide a base for the overall development of the economy.

___________________4. Tourist establishments' compliance to policies

are monitored to make sure that their facilities and services are
operated and maintained according to acceptable international
norms

___________________5. 1973- Under Executive Order no. 120 and 120-

A, DOT and PCB were reorganized structurally and functionally.
PCB was renamed Philippine Convention & Visitors Corporation.

ANSWER KEY:
1. TRUE
2.TRUE
3.TRUE
4.TRUE
5.FALSE

LO2. ACCESS, APPLY AND SHARE INDUSTRY INFORMATION

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Sources of information on the industry are accessed and applied

2. Industry information is correctly applied to day-to-day activity
3. Information to assist effective work performance is obtained

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

CONTENTS:

 Trade unions environmental issues and requirements

 Industrial relations issues and major organization
 Career opportunities
 Work ethic required to work in the industry
 Quality assurance

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following

 Industry journals/manuals
 Internet
 Personal computer
 Reference book

METHODOLOGIES:

 Self paced/modular
 Demonstration
 Small group discussion
 Distance education

ASSESSMENT METHODS

 Written/oral examination
 Practical demonstration

LEARNING EXPERIENCES / ACTIVITIES

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Learning Outcome # 2 Access, apply and share industry
information

Are you ready to perform this

activity?

If ready, take your time and be

sure to observe the standard
procedures in all your activities.

 Read: Information sheet 1

 Answer: self – Check to

assess your knowledge

INFORMATION SHEET- 1, LO 2
Different sectors of the industry and Services
Developed by: Marlene A. Balco
2.1 Different sectors of the industry and Services available in each
sector.

The Primary sector of industry- generally involves the changing process of

natural resources into primary products. Major businesses in this sector
include agriculture , agribusiness , fishing , forestry and mining and
quarrying industries .

Primary industry is a larger sector in developing countries for

instance ,animal husbandry is more common in Africa than in Japan
mining in southern Wales is a case study of how an economy can come to
rely on one form of business.

The tertiary sector of industry (also known the service sector on the
service industry ) is one of the three main industrial categories of a
developed economy the other being the secondary industry (manufacturing )
and primary industry (extraction such as mining , agriculture and fishing .)
Service are defined conventional economic literature as “ intangible goods

2.2 Relationship Between Tourisms And Hospitality

TOURISM-is traveling for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes

or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. The world tourism
organization defines tourists as people who “travel to and stay and places
out side their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure business and other purposes ,not related to the exercise of and
activity from within the place visited “tourism has a popular global leisure
activity and 2004 there was over 763 millions international tourists arrival .

HOSPITALITY - Refers to the relationship process between a guest and a

host and it also refers to the act of practice of being hospitable with liberality
and goodwill . Hospitality frequently refers to the hospitality industry job for
hotel , restaurants casinos , catering resort , clubs and any other service
position that deals with tourists.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

2.3 Relationship between industry and other industries.

INDUSTRY-(from latin industrius, diligent, industrious.’)is the segment of

economy concerned with production of goods.
-is the quality, action , or habit of earnest, steady , and continue
attention or devotion to any useful or productive work or task,
manual or mental.
-is diligence applied to some vocation, business, or profession,
hence, by derived use, the occupation itself.

2.4 WORKING CONDITIONS

Many production jobs in food manufacturing involve repetitive,

physically demanding work. Food manufacturing workers are highly
susceptible to repetitive-strain injuries to their hands, wrists, and elbows.
This type of injury is especially common in meat-processing and poultry-
processing plants. Production workers often stand for long periods and may
be required to lift heavy objects or use cutting, slicing, grinding, and other
dangerous tools and machines. To deal with difficult working conditions,
ergonomic programs have been introduced to cut down on work-related
accidents and injuries.

Furthermore, meat and poultry plants must comply with a wide

array of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
regulations ensuring a safer work environment. Some workers wear
protective hats, gloves, aprons, and shoes. In many industries, uniforms
and protective clothing are changed daily for reasons of sanitation.

Working conditions also depend on the type of food being processed. For
example, some bakery employees work at night or on weekends and spend
much of their shifts near ovens that can be uncomfortably hot. In contrast,
workers in dairies and meat-processing plants typically work daylight hours
and may experience cold and damp conditions. Some plants, such as those
producing processed fruits and vegetables, operate on a seasonal basis, so
workers are not guaranteed steady, year-round employment and
occasionally travel from region to region seeking work. These plants are
increasingly rare, however, as the industry continues to diversify and
manufacturing plants produce alternative foods during otherwise inactive
periods.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

2.5

LEGISLATION THAT
AFFECTS THE INDUSTRY

 LIQUOR
 HEALTH &S AFETY
 HYGIENE
 GAMING
 WORKERS COMPENS ATION
 CONS UMER PROTECTION
 DUTY OF CARE
 BUILDING REGULATIONS

LIQUOR
 Findings a re ba sed on workers ’ a nonymous responses
to questions a bout how often, when a nd where they
dra nk a l cohol a nd aabout
bout their attitudes on socia l
drinking. They were a sked if they thought a l cohol
boosted workpl a ce moral e, wa s good for business,
al l evia ted boredom, improved their heal th, was harmful
or set a bad exampl e.

.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

HEALTH & SAFETY
Oc c up atio nal S afe ty and He alth (OS H)
H) is a cross-
cross-
disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
safety, health and welfare
of people engaged in work or employment.
ent. As a secondary effect, OSHmay
also protect co-
co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers,
nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted
pacted by
the workplace environment.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

HYGIENE

Industrial hygiene
is the science of
anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling
workplace conditions that may cause worker injury or
illness. Industrial hygienists use environmental
monitoring and analytical methods to detect the extent
of worker exposure and employ engineering, work
practice controls, and other methods to control
potential health hazards.

GAMING

Be haviors Obs e rvable in the

W orkplace
Compulsive gambling has been called the "hidden
disease," as there are few covert signs of it in the
workplace until the problem is in its most advanced
stage. An educational pamphlet on compulsive gambling
lists these indicators that may be observed at work:
 Late to work (due to late night card game, casino venture, or bad bad night's sleep
worrying about gambling-
gambling-related problems).
 Long lunches (off-
(off-track betting, meeting bookmaker or loan shark or creditors).
 Mysterious disappearance in the afternoon (typically at the track, track, off-
off-track
betting, afternoon card or dice game, or listening to sporting events).
events).
 Sick days taken right when they become available rather than allowed allowed to
accumulate (uses sick days to gamble).
 Vacation used in isolated days rather than blocks.
 Excessive use of rest room (reads sports pages or listens to radio radio in the rest
room).
 Excessive use of the telephone (calls to off-
off-track betting, bookie, creditors, or
to find money; calls from bookie or creditors).
 Reads newspaper and sports literature at work (scratch sheet from from race track,
racing form, sporting news, etc.).
 Operates office sports pool or paycheck pool (the person running these
sometimes has a gambling problem).
 Collects money from other employees for off- off-track betting or lottery (ostensibly
does this as convenience for co- co-workers but actually so he or she can place
bets).
 Organizes trips to Atlantic City, Las Vegas, or other gambling junkets junkets (may
indicate familiarity through frequent visits).
 Operates as bookmaker or runner for bookmaker Developed by: Marlene
(many A. Balco
bookmakers and
and
runners are themselves compulsive gamblers and do this in order to gamble
more).
Learning Outcomes
No. 2

Information to Assist
Effective
Work Performance

2.4. Industry working conditions

2.5. Legislation that affects the Industry
liquor
health
hygiene
gaming
workers compensation
consumer protection
duty of care
building regulation
2.6. Trade Unions
Environmental issues & requirements

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Trade union

A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers.

The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the
employer on behalf of union members ("rank and file"
members) and negotiates labor contracts with employers. This
may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint
procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of
workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. The
agreements negotiated by the union leaders are binding on the
rank and file members and the employer and in some cases on
other non-member workers.

Most unions claim a right of exclusivity. The union

has the authority to determine who may be a member of
the union and who may not.
Most unions assert a right to mandate that only its
members, and no others, may be permitted to work at
certain jobs.
Furthermore, the union contract is exclusive with
regard to the employer, an employer is generally not
permitted to seek out the services of another labor union or
hire another competing labor union even if he is
dissatisfied with the performance of the current labor
union.

These organizations may be comprised of individual

workers, professionals, past workers, or the unemployed.
The most common, but by no means only, purpose of these
organizations is "maintaining or improving the conditions
of their employment“

Over the last three hundred years, trade unions have

developed into a number of forms, influenced by differing
political and economic regimes.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

The immediate objectives and activities of
trade unions vary, but may include:

 Provision of benefits to members:

Early trade unions, like Friendly Societies, often provided a
range of benefits to insure members against unemployment, ill
health, old age and funeral expenses. In many developed
countries, these functions have been assumed by the state;
however, the provision of professional training, legal advice and
representation for members is still an important benefit of trade
union membership.
 Collective bargaining:
Where trade unions are able to operate openly and are
recognized by employers, they may negotiate with employers
over wages and working conditions.

 Industrial Action:
Trade unions may organize strikes or resistance to
lockouts in furtherance of particular goals.

 Political activity:
Trade unions may promote legislation favorable to the
interests of their members or workers as a whole. To this
end they may pursue campaigns, undertake lobbying, or
financially support individual candidates or parties (such as
the Labour Party in Britain) for public office.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

History of trade unions
Beginning in the eighteenth century, much of
Western society (with most changes occurring
earliest in Britain) witnessed a transformation from
an agrarian culture with craft-based production to a
culture shaped by the first industrial revolution.
Some of the changes brought on by this new order,
such as new work methods and downward pressure
on traditional wage structures, sparked rising alarm
in the crafts and guilds of the time, who feared
encroachment on their established jobs.
Additionally, the rapid expansion of industrial
society was to draw women, children, rural workers,
and immigrants to the work force in larger numbers
and in new roles. This pool of unskilled and semi-
skilled labour spontaneously organized in fits and
starts throughout its beginnings, and would later be
an important arena for the development of trade
unions.

2.7 INDUSTRY RELATIONS ISSUES AND

MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS

Specific issues
(i) The employers' response
To date, many Asian and Pacific entrepreneurs - small, medium and
large - have relied on the low cost of goods and services and speed of
delivery as the core of their competitive advantage. On this basis, an
employers' strategy in the area of employment relations must focus on
achieving:

1. appropriate attitudinal and behavioral changes, not only at enterprise,

but at other, levels;
2. a modern policy, legislative and institutional framework which
ensures an effective industrial relations system;
3. compensation systems linked to enterprise performance;
4. a more literate, skilled and adaptable workforce, which is capable of
experimentation and innovation;
5. more flexible forms of work organization and management; and
6. culturally sensitive management strategies, as firms invest within and
beyond the region.

 Attitudinal and behavioural changes

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Greater worker involvement in the enterprise should be reinforced by
management making stronger efforts to improve relations with workers'
representatives (particularly, trade unions, where they are present). In
addition, collective bargaining remains an effective way to address issues of
mutual concern.
All of these elements - both IR and HRM - have to be properly
integrated into the corporate culture.

 Modern labor polices, legislation and institutions

Employers should be seeking "modern" labor policies, legislation and
institutions which encourage industrial harmony (by emphasizing
prevention not resolution of conflict). In particular, legislation should be
proactive and facilitative in relation to the parties' needs, and avoid
unnecessary complexity, while maintaining fair and reasonable minimum
employment standards.

 Compensation systems linked to enterprise performance

The trend towards decentralized collective bargaining and IR
arrangements in the region has been based on the need to address efficiency
and productivity issues at their source, the individual enterprise business
competitiveness is to be achieved or maintained. As such payment systems
are increasingly seen as integral to HRM policies in enterprises, and are
thereby linked to achieving particular business objectives.

 A skilled and adaptable workforce

Education and training will play a vital role in promoting labor
efficiency through the enhancement of workforce skills, and the World Bank
has emphasized the significant link between skills development and a
country's manufacturing export capacity (World Bank 1993: 43 - 48).
Training of workers in narrow skills is no longer appropriate. Modern
technology is increasingly demanding broader skills and new mixes of
previously quite distinct skills. In addition, the rapid pace of technological
change demands an ability to adapt quickly; so, the formation of skills has
to rely not only on initial training, but equally on opportunities for retraining
and upgrading existing skills.

 Flexible forms of work organization and management

Flexibility at the workplace requires workers to have several skills
and a broader understanding of the production or work process to enable
them to carry out a range of activities. To achieve this outcome, managers
and supervisors need to be forward looking, inform and involve workers, and

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

use approaches which enable people to develop and use properly their
talents and abilities. In particular, they need to pay far greater attention to
training and skills development. The ability to adjust working time
arrangements and the identification and removal of restrictive work and
management practices are also important.

 Culturally-sensitive management strategies

Globalization involves managers and workers moving from one
country to another. In doing so, they enter into a new society and culture.
Some aspects of these cultures are obvious (eg, another language, other
laws and customs, etc) and can with the necessary goodwill be adapted to.
But there are other elements of culture which are not so visible. They
include the assumptions made and premises relied on by the members of a
certain society; values and unwritten codes of behaviour; and patterns of
thinking and problem-solving. They are what the people in that society take
for granted. These elements are the essence of a particular culture and are
the most difficult to detect. A manager or worker coming from and entirely
different culture - with its own never-questioned assumptions and values -
may not perceive or understand these elements or have difficulty accepting
them. As such they can be the basis for tension and conflict in the
workplace.
Managers assuming work responsibilities in a new country must
acquaint themselves with both visible and invisible cultural traits, and
adopt appropriate strategies to ensure that cultural mismanagement
considerations do not become a source of reduced enterprise performance.

 Implementing a reform strategy

In implementing a reform agenda based on the above considerations,
individual firms should be encouraged (through, for example, "best practice"
programmes) to experiment in relation to skills development, work
organization and other forms of improved IR/HRM practices and seek to use
the outcomes as a basis for broader government or industry programmes to
diffuse new practices on a wider basis. Such initiatives might be undertaken
through informal contact with the wider group of firms with whom they
conduct their business, and could include local benchmarking exercises.

(ii) The roles of employers' organizations

Employers' organizations, like trade unions, face a difficult situation

in assisting their constituents in the face of the new demands being placed
on them by globalization.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

A key function of employers' organizations has always been to act
as the mouthpiece for employers in seeking to influence the broad
policy environment in a manner conducive to their constituents'
interests (in this respect, it might be noted that the IR function was
originally, and in many cases has remained, the cornerstone of the
operations of many employers' organizations). (de Silva 1996:3).
To achieve this objective, it is suggested that employers' organizations
should organize their operations around two functional "poles",
supported by a range of subsidiary services.
Employers' organizations need to be prepared to have a view on an
increasingly broader range of issues (eg, skills development, including
in the context of training and re-training, and covering both delivery
and compensation aspects; industry (including investment and
taxation) policy; the implications for business of privatization
strategies; and the like).

(iii) The roles of government and trade unions

As noted previously, whatever policies or actions may be promoted or

undertaken by one or more of the industrial relations parties will require a
response from or have repercussions for other parties or interests. This
section of the paper examines interactions with government and trade
unions in the context of progressing the agenda of employers' and their
organizations.

The role of government

1. encourage and regulate foreign participation in national economic

development
2. ensure that the economic reforms currently being implemented in
various countries are accompanied by proper safety net programmes
3. Decide which industries to stimulate and how they can integrate
various macro- and micro-policies through a network of institutions
that promote economic growth with equity (Frenkel and Royal
1996:10).
4. Responsibility to ensure that these standards are met by all
employers, and, where those employers are foreign companies or
MNC's, they must be encouraged to adopt socially responsible
attitudes in relation to employment relationships and standards in
their host country.
5. To take measures to equip workers with the skills to take up new
positions and to move from declining to new industries, possibly to
new localities.
6. Facilitate structural adjustment in an equitable manner (including, for
example, tax exemptions and development subsidies to firms, and
subsidies to workers, to assist relocation).

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

7. Support trade union strategies to encourage democratic governance,
awareness raising on key policy issues and training for union
representatives on organizational and technical issues.
8. Support of globalization has to rely on policy planning and delivery
services provided by the public sector.
9. Include trade unions in any public sector reform process and take
account of their major concerns.
10. Promote bipartite and tripartite institutions and processes to establish
appropriate labour policy and standards.

(iiii) The role of workers and their organizations

There is no question that trade unions still have a role in Asia and
the Pacific. But there is a need for more effective unionism.
Unionism which focuses on working with employers (and their
organizations) in implementing strategies to improve enterprise
competitiveness and the quality of work through improvements in work
organization, Labour-management relations and skills development, on the
basis that an equitable share for workers in productivity gains will be
achieved (Frenkel and Royal 1996:31). This form of unionism is therefore
proactive and strategic in approach, and is no longer concerned with union
actions which are restrictive in nature (eg, seeking, by various means, to
limit change). The development of effective unionism (and, indeed, of trade
union movements everywhere) is contingent on the recognition and
application of the rights of freedom of association, to organize and to bargain
collectively.
The needs of trade union organizations will vary from country to
country in seeking to build effective unions. For example, awareness raising
and training in relation to their role in a market-oriented economy will have
a much higher priority in the case of trade unions in countries in transition.
But whatever individual country circumstances, key objectives of national
trade union organizations must be to attract more workers into unions by
improving recruitment, offering better services and communicating more
effectively with and between members and officials. Strong leadership from,
and agreement and coordination on priority strategies among, trade union
centres is critical. In order to maintain support and influence at enterprise
level, it will be necessary to build and maintain an active workplace union
organization. The availability of more skilled and technically capable union
representatives in the workplace, supported by more professional and better
resourced unions at higher levels will also be crucial in achieving these
objectives.
The extent to which trade unions can adopt and achieve advances
through this more proactive role will depend on a number of considerations,
including: government policy and attitudes at domestic and international

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

levels; the response(s) of employers and their organizations; and union
leadership, organization and strategies. However, given the considerable
traditional and current difficulties still facing trade union movements in Asia
and the Pacific, a fundamental change in union and worker fortunes may
not arise until individual countries develop and adopt higher cost and
higher skill-based modes of production. This will provide increased
opportunities for worker involvement in decision-making, requiring more
democratic and independent representation for the workforce. But it is also
likely that additional legislative prescription to provide labour with a more
significant voice at both enterprise and national levels, and better protection
for workers' representatives in undertaking their functions, will be required.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Industrial relations

The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between

management and workers, particularly group of workers represented by a
union.
-also called organizational relations the behavior of workers in organizations
in which they earn their living.

Perspective theories
-When studying the theories of industrial relations, there are three major
perspectives that contrast on their approach to the nature of workplace
relations the three views are generally described as the unitary, pluralist,
and Marxist perspective. The Marxist perspective is sometimes referred to as
the conflict model.

Unitary perspective
In unitarism, the organization is perceive as an integrated and harmonious
whole with the ideal of “one happy family” where are management and other
members of the staff all share a common purpose, emphasizing mutual
cooperation.

Pluralistic perspective
In pluralism the organization is perceived as being made up of powerful and
divergent sub-groups, each with its own legitimate loyalties and with their
own set of objectives and traders .

Marxist perspective
This view of industrial relations looks the nature of the capitalist society,
where there is a fundamental division of interest between capital and labor,
and sees workplace relations against this background.

2.8

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES-is the sum total of all the work you have done
and will do in your lifetime.

Most hotel, motel and resort desk clerks received orientation and training on
the job. Orientation may include an explanation of the job duties and
information about the establishment, such as arrangement of sleeping

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

rooms, availability of additional services such as a business or fitness
center, and location of guest facilities.

A hospitality management career is highly energy and social.

The skills and knowledge developed in this field study are leadership,
marketing qualitive skills, research and evaluation, programming
[recreation, leisure and meetings] planning and policy, legal aspects, and
communication.

With preparation in tourism management individuals have skills related to

management and leadership which would contribute to any type of position
sought in the tourism industry. The tourism industry is within the top
industries of most countries in the world and provides numerous career
opportunities at a variety levels of service production and management.

The curriculum combines strengths in management with technical skills

and internship opportunities in each area.

The hospitality and tourism industry is critical to the world, national, and
regional economy. The hospitality and tourism industry is becoming more
complex. Accordingly, demand is increasing for college educated managers.

APTITUDES QUALITIES

Strong interpersonal skills

High energy level
Ability to multi-ask and prioritize
Ability to work well under pressure

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

3 QUICK STEPS TO JOB SEEKER SUCCESS!

1. Create your free account.

-Put your best foot forward with a free online portfolio. Public or private.
Create your fee account and access all the tools on the site.
2. Research your industry.
-Stay up to date on the latest trends and information in your industry by
selecting your career channel below.
3. Search jobs
-With your resume and portfolio, you’ll be able to search and contact
employers with one quick step!

RESOURCE CENTER

Resume make over 5 ways to make a great first impression.

-Now more than ever before candidate seeking positions in the hospitality
industry must display professionalism and a steadfast commitment to
quality in every phase of the application process.
How to master the behavior interview
-If you are seeking the job within the competitive hospitality industry,
you need to be aware that employers are frequently turning to the use of
behavioral interviewing rather than traditional modes.
Maximize your career potential
-Advance your career and increase your job opportunities while
continuing to work.Online education is convenient and flexible, allowing
you to maintain professional and personal commitment while pursuing a
highly-quality education.
Be on time.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

SELF-CHECK

ESSAY: EXPLAIN THE APTITUDE QUALITIES

Strong interpersonal skills
High energy level
Ability to multi-ask and prioritize
Ability to work well under pressure

ANSWER KEY:

You show interpersonal skills by the way you behave toward other people. Someone
with good interpersonal skills will be supportive, kind, empathetic, patient, and
respectful in the way they work with colleagues. Typically, they'll be a pleasure to
be around. High energy level refers on how you express your enthusiasm in work, in
terms of ability in multi-task you can do both task in the same time or being organize
while doing such things. Ability to work well under pressure shows how confident you
are in expressing your work or task.

LO3. UPDATE CONTINUOUSLY RELEVANT INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Informal and/or formal research is used to update general knowledge of

the industry.
2. Updated knowledge is shared with customers and colleagues as
appropriate and incorporated into day-to-day working activities.

CONTENTS:

 Time management
 Ready skills needed to access industry information
 Basic competency skills needed to access the internet
 Overview of quality assurance in the industry
 Role of individual staff members
 Industry information sources

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following

EQUIPMENT LEARNING MATERIALS

 LCD Projector (optional)  media
 Overhead Projector (optional)  reference books
 Computer  libraries
 Printer  unions
 industry associations
 industry journals
 internet
 personal observation and experience

METHODOLOGIES:

 Lecture
 Group discussion
 Individual/group assignment

ASSESSMENT METHODS

 Interview/questions

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

 Practical demonstration
 Portfolio of industry information related to trainee’s work

LEARNING EXPERIENCES / ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome # 3 Update continuously relevant industry

knowledge

Are you ready to perform this

activity?

If ready, take your time and be

sure to observe the standard
procedures in all your activities.

1.Read: Information sheet

2.Answer: self – Check to

assess your knowledge

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

3.Refers to Model Answer
# 1 for the correct answer of self
– check.

TIME MANAGEMENT
Time management is the process of organizing and planning
how to divide your time between different activities. Get it right, and
you'll end up working smarter, not harder, to get more done in less
time – even when time is tight and pressures are high.

The highest achievers manage their time exceptionally well.

And by using Mind Tools' time-management resources, you too can
make the most of your time – starting right now!

The Benefits of Good Time Management

When you know how to manage your time effectively, you can
unlock many benefits. These include:

 Greater productivity and efficiency.

 Less stress.
 A better professional reputation.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

 Increased chances of advancement.
 More opportunities to achieve your life and career goals.
Overall, you start feeling more in control, with the confidence to
choose how best to use your time.

And by feeling happier, more relaxed, and better able to think,

you're in a great place to help others reach their targets, too.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Quality assurance (QA) is the activity of providing evidence needed to

establish confidence among all concerned, that quality-related activities are
being performed effectively. All those planned or systematic actions
necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will
satisfy given requirements for quality.
For products, quality assurance is a part and consistent pair of quality
management proving fact-based external confidence to customers and other
stakeholders that a product meets needs, expectations, and other
requirements. QA assures the existence and effectiveness of procedures that
attempt to make sure - in advance - that the expected levels of quality will
be reached.
QA covers all activities from design, development, production, installation,
servicing to documentation. It introduced the sayings "fit for purpose" and
"do it right the first time". It includes the regulation of the quality of raw
materials, assemblies, products and components; services related to
production; and management, production, and inspection processes.
The term Quality Assurance, as used in the United States Nuclear
Regulatory Commission regulation 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, comprises

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate
confidence that a structure, system, or component will perform satisfactorily
in service. Quality assurance includes quality control, which comprises
those quality assurance actions related to the physical characteristics of a
material, structure, component, or system which provide a means to control
the quality of the material, structure, component, or system to
predetermined requirements.
One of the most widely used paradigms for QA management is the PDCA
(Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach, also known as the Shewhart cycle
 Quality management is a method for ensuring that all the activities
necessary to design, develop and implement a product or service are
effective and efficient with respect to the system and its performance.
Stakeholder may refer to:
 Stakeholder (corporate), a party who affects, or can be affected by, the
company's actions
o Stakeholder theory, identifies and models the groups which are
stakeholders of a corporation
 Stakeholder (law), a third party who temporarily holds money or
property while its owner is still being determined

PDCA ("Plan-Do-Check-Act") is an iterative four-step problem-solving

process typically used in quality control. It is also known as the Deming
Cycle, Shewhart cycle, Deming Wheel, or Plan-Do-Study-Act

PLAN - Establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in

accordance with the specifications.

DO - Implement the processes.

CHECK - Monitor and evaluate the processes and results against objectives
and Specifications and report the outcome.

ACT - Apply actions to the outcome for necessary improvement. This means
reviewing all steps (Plan, Do, Check, Act) and modifying the process to
improve it before its next implementation.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

SELF-CHECK

IDENTIFICATION:Identify the following statement/s, write your answer on

the space provided.

____________________1. Apply actions to the outcome for necessary

improvement. This means reviewing all steps (Plan, Do, Check, Act)
and modifying the process to improve it before its next
implementation.

____________________2. a method for ensuring that all the activities necessary

to design, develop and implement a product or service are effective
and efficient with respect
____________________3. is the activity of providing evidence needed to
establish confidence among all concerned, that quality-related
activities are being performed effectively.
____________________4.It is an iterative four-step problem-solving process
typically used in quality control.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

____________________5.This is a third party who temporarily holds money or
property while its owner is still being determined

ANSWER KEY:
1. ACT
2. QUALITY MANAGEMENT
3.QUALITY ASSURANCE
4.PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT
5.STAKEHOLDER (LAW)

JOB SHEET
Requirement: Select two resorts existing in our province and update your
knowledge by knowing the ff:

 Short history of resorts you’ve been selected.

 Services offered for their client or guests
 Accommodations
 Compensation offered by the establishment towards their employees.
 Amenities available/in one department (based on your field of
specialization)
 Attach some pictures of amenities of the resort you’ve selected

Note: - All information must be computerized and submit it to your

instructor in a form
of soft copy.

- You can use some sources of information as your

reference/tools/materials of
information.

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco

Developed by: Marlene A. Balco