Title: Sequence & Series

Chapter: Sequence & Series

Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Sequence :
A sequence is a function whose domain is the set N of natural numbers. Since the domain for every
sequence is the set N of natural numbers, therefore a sequence is represented by its range. If
f : N → R, then f(n) = tn, n  N is called a sequence and is denoted by
{f(1), f(2), f(3), ...............} = {t1, t2, t3, ...............} = {tn}
Real sequence :
A sequence whose range is a subset of R is called a real sequence.
e.g. (i) 2, 5, 8, 11, .......................
(ii) 4, 1, – 2, – 5, ......................
Types of sequence :
On the basis of the number of terms there are two types of sequence.
(i) Finite sequences : A sequence is said to be finite if it has finite number of terms.
(ii) Infinite sequences : A sequence is said to be infinite if it has infinitely many terms.
( −2 )
n

Example # 1 : Write down the sequence whose nth term is

( −1)n + 2
( −2 )
n

Solution : Let tn =
( −1)n + 2
put n = 1, 2, 3, 4, .............. we get
4 16
t1 = –2, t2 = , t = –8, t4 =
3 3 3
16
so the sequence is –2, , –8, , ........
3
Series :
By adding or subtracting the terms of a sequence, we get an expression which is called a series.
If a1, a2, a3,........an is a sequence, then the expression a1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + an is a series.
e.g. (i) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ............... + n
(ii) 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ...............
(iii) – 1 + 3 – 9 + 27 – ...............
Progression :
The word progression refers to sequence or series – finite or infinite
Arithmetic progression (A.P.) :
A.P. is a sequence whose successive terms are obtained by adding a fixed number 'd' to the preceding
terms. This fixed number 'd' is called the common difference. If a is the first term & d the common
difference, then A.P. can be written as a, a + d, a + 2 d,....... ,a + (n − 1) d,........

e.g. – 4, – 1, 2, 5 ...........
nth term of an A.P. :
Let 'a' be the first term and 'd' be the common difference of an A.P., then
tn = a + (n – 1) d, where d = tn – tn – 1

Example # 2 : Find the number of terms in the sequence 4, 7, 10, 13, ........,82.
Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference
a = 4, d = 3 so 82 = 4 + (n – 1)3
 n = 27

The sum of first n terms of an A.P. :

If a is first term and d is common difference, then sum of the first n terms of AP is
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2
n
= [a + ]  nt  n +1 , for n is odd. (Where  is the last term and t  n +1 is the middle term.)
2  
 2 

 2 


Note : For any sequence {tn}, whose sum of first r terms is Sr, rth term, tr = Sr – Sr – 1.

Example # 3 : If in an A.P., 3rd term is 18 and 7 term is 30, then find sum of its first 17 terms
Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference
a + 2d = 18
a + 6d = 30
d = 3 , a = 12
17
s17 = [2 × 12 + 16 × 3] = 612
2

Example # 4 : Find the sum of all odd numbers between 1 and 1000 which are divisible by 3
Solution : Odd numbers between 1 and 1000 are
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ------ 993, 995, 997, 999.
Those numbers which are divisible by 3 are
3, 9, 15, 21, ------- 993, 999
They form an A.P. of which a = 3 , d = 6,  = 999  n = 167
n
S= [a + ] = 83667
2

Example # 5 : The ratio between the sum of n term of two A.P.’s is 3n + 8 : 7n + 15. Then find the ratio
between their 12 th term
Sn (n / 2)[2a + (n – 1)d] 3n + 8 a + {(n – 1) / 2}d 3n + 8
Solution : = = or = ----- (i)
Sn ' (n / 2)[2a'+ (n – 1)d'] 7n + 15 a'+ (n – 1) / 2d' 7n + 15
T12 a + 11d
we have to find =
T12 ' a '+ 11d'
choosing (n – 1)/2 = 11 or n = 23 in (1),
T a + 11d 3(23) + 8 77 
we get 12 = = = =
T12 ' a '+ 11d' (23)  7 + 15 176 16

Example # 6 : If sum of n terms of a sequence is given by Sn = 3n2 – 4n, find its 50th term.
Solution : Let tn is nth term of the sequence so tn = Sn – Sn – 1.
= 3n2 – 4n – 3(n – 1)2 + 4(n – 1) = 6n – 7
so t50 = 293.

Self practice problems :

(1) Which term of the sequence 2005, 2000, 1995, 1990, 1985, ............. is the first negative term
(2) For an A.P. show that tm + t2n + m = 2 tm + n
(3) Find the maximum sum of the A.P. 40 + 38 + 36 + 34 + 32 + ..............
(4) Find the sum of first 16 terms of an A.P. a1, a2, a3..........
If it is known that a1 + a4 + a7 + a10 + a13 + a16 = 147
Ans. (1) 403 (3) 420 (4) 392
Remarks :
(i) The first term and common difference can be zero, positive or negative (or any complex
number.)
(ii) If a, b, c are in A.P.  2 b = a + c & if a, b, c, d are in A.P.  a + d = b + c.
(iii) Three numbers in A.P. can be taken as a − d, a, a + d ; four numbers in A.P. can be taken as a
− 3d, a − d, a + d, a + 3d; five numbers in A.P. are a − 2d, a − d, a, a + d, a + 2d ;
six terms in A.P. are a − 5d, a − 3d, a − d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(iv) The sum of the terms of an A.P. equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and equal to
the sum of first & last terms.
(v) Any term of an A.P. (except the first) is equal to half the sum of terms which are equidistant from
it. an = 1/2 (an−k + an+k), k < n. For k = 1, an = (1/2) (an−1+ an+1);
For k = 2, an = (1/2) (an−2+ an+2) and so on.
(vi) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non-zero
number, then the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(vii) The sum and difference of two AP's is an AP.
t2
Example # 7 : The numbers t (t2 + 1), − and 6 are three consecutive terms of an A.P. If t be real, then find
2
the the next two term of A.P.
Solution : 2b = a + c  –t2 = t3 + t + 6
or t3 + t2 + t + 6 = 0
or (t + 2) (t2 – t + 3) = 0  t2 – t + 3  0  t = –2
the given numbers are – 10, – 2, 6
which are in an A.P. with d = 8. The next two numbers are 14, 22
5
Example # 8 : If a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 are in A.P. with common difference  0, then find the value of  ai , when
i=1

a3 = 2.
Solution : As a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 are in A.P., we have a1 + a5 = a2 + a4 = 2a3.
5
Hence a
i=1
i = 10.

1 1 1
Example # 9 : If a(b + c), b(c + a), c(a + b) are in A.P., prove that , , are also in A.P.
a b c
Solution : a(b + c), b(c + a), c(a + b) are in A.P.  subtract ab + bc + ca from each
– bc, – ca, – ab are in A.P.
divide by –abc
1 1 1
, , are in A.P.
a b c

a+b b+c 1 1
Example # 10 : If , b, are in A.P. then prove that ,b are in A.P.
1 − ab 1 − bc a c
a+b b+c
Solution :  , b, are in A.P.
1 − ab 1 − bc
a+b b+c
b– = –b
1 − ab 1 − bc
(
−a b2 + 1 ) =
(
c 1 + b2 )
1 − ab 1 − bc
 –a + abc = c – abc
a + c = 2abc
divide by ac
1 1 1 1
+ = 2b  , b, are in A.P.
c a a c
Arithmetic mean (mean or average) (A.M.) :
If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is called the A.M. between the other two, so if a, b, c are
in A.P., b is A.M. of a & c.
a + a + a + ..... + an
A.M. for any n numbers a1, a2,..., an is; A = 1 2 3 .
n
n - Arithmetic means between two numbers :
If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A1, A2,...., An, b are in A.P., then A1, A2,... An are the
n A.M.’s between a & b.
b−a 2 (b − a) n (b − a)
A1 = a + , A2 = a + ,......, An = a +
n+1 n+1 n+1

Note : Sum of n A.M.’s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single A.M. between a & b
n
a+b
i.e.  Ar = nA, where A is the single A.M. between a & b i.e. A =
r =1 2

Example # 11 : If a, b, c,d,e, f are A. M’s between 2 and 12, then find a + b + c + d + e + f.

6(2 + 12)
Solution : Sum of A.M.s = 6 single A.M. = = 42
2

Example # 12 : Insert 10 A.M. between 3 and 80.

Solution : Here 3 is the first term and 80 is the 12th term of A.P. so 80 = 3 + (11)d
 d=7
so the series is 3, 10, 17, 24, ........, 73, 80
 required means are 10, 17, 24, ........, 73.

Self practice problems :

(5) There are n A.M.’s between 3 and 29 such that 6th mean : (n – 1)th mean : : 3 : 5 then find the
value of n.
an+3 + bn+3
(6) For what value of n, n+2 , a  b is the A.M. of a and b.
a + bn+2
Ans. (5) n = 12 (6) n = –2
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Arithmetic Progression
1. In an A.P. the third term is four times the first term, and the sixth term is 17 ; find the series.
p
2. Find the sum of first 35 terms of the series whose pth term is + 2.
7
3. Find the number of integers between 100 & 1000 that are divisible by 7 [DRN1445]
4. Find the sum of all those integers between 100 and 800 each of which on division by 16 leaves the
remainder 7.
5. The sum of first p-terms of an A.P. is q and the sum of first q terms is p, find the sum of first (p + q) terms.
6. The sum of three consecutive numbers in A.P. is 27, and their product is 504, find them.
7. The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries is added to
the product of any four consecutive terms of it. Prove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer.
[16JM110052]
8. If a, b, c are in A.P., then show that:
(i) a2 (b + c), b2 (c + a), c2 (a + b) are also in A.P.
(ii) b + c − a, c + a − b, a + b − c are in A.P.
9. There are n A.M's between 3 and 54, such that the 8th mean: (n − 2)th mean:: 3: 5. The value of n is.

Section (B) : Arithmetic Progression

1. The first term of an A.P. of consecutive integer is p2 + 1. The sum of (2p + 1) terms of this series can be
expressed as
(A) (p + 1)2 (B) (2p + 1) (p + 1)2 (C) (p + 1)3 (D) p3 + (p + 1)3
2. If a1, a2, a3,........ are in A.P. such that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225, then
a1 + a2 + a3 + ..... + a23 + a24 is equal to
(A) 909 (B) 75 (C) 750 (D) 900
3. If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ....., is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the
A.P. 57, 59, 61, ..., then n equals [IIT-JEE-2001, Scr. (1, 0), 35]
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13
4. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 2 or 5 is
(A) 2550 (B) 1050 (C) 3050 (D) none of these
5. Let 6 Arithmetic means A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 are inserted between two consecutive natural number a
and b (a > b). If A12 – A22 + A32 – A42 + A52 – A62 is equal to prime number then 'b' is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Answer Key
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Arithmetic Progression
1. 2, 5, 8,..... 2. 160 3. 128 4. 19668
5. –(p + q) 6. 4, 9, 14 9. 16

Section (B) : Arithmetic Progression

1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (C)

Solution
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Arithmetic Progression
 3a 
1. (a + 2d) = 4a  3a = 2d. We have given that a + 5d = 17  a + 5   = 17
 2 
a=2 , d=3 so series 2 , 5 , 8 .......

p 1 p(p + 1)
2. Given that; Tp = + 2, then Sp = p + 2 = + 2p.
7 7 14
taking p = 35 S35 = 160

3. 994 = 105 + (n –1) 7  889 + 7 = 7n  n = 128

4. First No. = 103 last No. = 791

44
No. of terms = 44 s= [103 + 791] = 22 [894] = 19668
2

p 2q
5. q= [2A + (p – 1)d]  = 2A + (p – 1)d .....(i)
2 p
p 2q
p= [2A + (q – 1)d]  = 2A + (q – 1) d .....(ii)
2 p
on subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
2 −2
(q2 – p2) = (p – q) d  d= (p + q)
pq pq
 Sum of (p + q) terms is
p+q p+q p + q  2q  −2 
= [2A + (p + q – 1) d] = [2A + (p – 1) d + qd] =  +q  (p + q)
2 2 2  p  pq 
p + q  2q 2q 
=  − 2 −  = – (p + q) Ans.
2 p p

6. Numbers are a – d, a, a + d  s = a – d + a + a + d = 27  a=9

a(a2 –d2) = 504  9(81 –d2) = 504  81 – d2 = 56
d2 = 25  d = ± 5. Numbers are 4, 9, 14

7.  (a – 3d) (a – d) (a + d) (a + 3d) + 16d4 = (a2 – 9d2) (a2 – d2) + 16d4

= a4 – a2d2 – 9a2d2 + 9d4 + 16d4 = a4 – 10a2d2 + 25d4 = [a2 – 5 d2]2
= (a2 – d2 – 4d2)2 = ( (a – d) (a + d) – (2d)2 )2
 (a – d), (a + d), 2d are integers. Hence Proved

8. (i) a, b, c are in A.P. a (ab + bc + ac), b(ab + bc + ac), c(ab + bc + ac) are in A.P.
 a2 (b + c), b2 (c + a), c2 (a + b) are in A.P.
(ii) b + c – a, a + c – b, a + b – c are in A.P
 2(a + c –b) = (b + c – a) (a + b – c)  a + c = 2b  a , b , c are in A.P

( 54 − 3 ) 51
9. =d ; d=
n +1 n +1
51
3+8
A8 3 n +1 3 3n + 3+ 408 3
=  =  =
A n– 2 5 51 5 3n + 3 + 51 n – 102 5
3 + (n – 2)
n +1
 15n + 2055 = 162n – 297  147 n = 2352 ; n = 16

Section (B) : Arithmetic Progression

2p + 1
1. S= [2(p2 + 1) + 2p] = (2p + 1) (p2 + 1 + p) = 2p3 + 3p2 + 3p + 1 = p3 + (p + 1)3
2

2. a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225  3 (a1 + a24) = 225

(sum of terms equidistant from beginning and end are equal) a1 + a24 = 75
24
Now a1 + a2 + ........ + a23 + a24 = [a1 + a24] = 12 × 75 = 900
2

3. 2, 5, 8 .........
a = 2, d = 3  S2n = n (4 + (2n – 1) 3] = n(6n + 1)  57, 59, 61,........
Sn = [2 × 57 + (n – 1) 2] = n[57 + n – 1] = n (56 + n)
n (6n + 1) = n (56 + n)  5n = 55  n = 11.

50
4. Sum of the integer divided by 2 = 2 + 4 + ..........+ 98 + 100 = [2.2 + (50 –1)2] = 50 [51] = 2550
2
20
Sum of the integer divided by 5 = 5 + 10 +...................95 + 100 = [5 + 100] = 1050
2
10
Sum of the integer divided by 10  [10 + 100] = 550
2
Sum of the integers divided by 5 or 10 = 2550 + 1050 – 550 = 3050

b−a  a2 − b2 
5. A12 – A22 + A32 – A42 + A52 – A62 = – d (A1 + A2 + ..... + A6) = –   (3(b + a)) = 3   = Prime
 7   7 
 a = 4, b = 3
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Geometric progression (G.P.) :

G.P. is a sequence of numbers whose first term is non zero & each of the succeeding terms is equal to
the preceeding terms multiplied by a constant. Thus in a G.P. the ratio of successive terms is constant.
This constant factor is called the common ratio of the series & is obtained by dividing any term by that
which immediately preceeds it. Therefore a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4,...... is a G.P. with 'a' as the first term & 'r' as
common ratio.
1 1 1 1
e.g. (i) 2, 4, 8, 16, ....... (ii) , , , , .......
3 9 27 81

Results : (i) nth term of GP = a rn−1

(ii) Sum of the first n terms of GP

 a ( r n − 1)
 , r 1
Sn =  r − 1
 na , r =1

(iii) Sum of an infinite terms of GP when r < 1. When n →  rn → 0 if r < 1 therefore,
S =
a
1− r
( r  1)
1
Example # 13 : The nth term of the series 3, 3 , 1 , ------ is , then find n
243
n–1
 1  1
Solution : 3.   =  n = 13
 3 243

Example # 14 : The first term of an infinite G.P. is 1 and any term is equal to the sum of all the succeeding
terms. Find the series.
Solution : Let the G.P. be 1, r, r2, r3, .........
r2 1
given condition  r=  r= ,
1− r 2
1 1 1
Hence series is 1, , , , ..............
2 4 8
Example # 15 : In a G.P.., T2 + T5 = 216 and T4 : T6 = 1 : 4 and all terms are integers, then find its first term :
ar 3 1
Solution : ar (1 + r3) = 216 and =
ar 5 4
 r2 = 4  r = ± 2
when r = 2 then 2a(9) = 216  a = 12
when r = – 2, then – 2a (1–8) = 216
216 108
 a= = , which is not an integer.
14 7
Self practice problems :
(7) Find the G.P. if the common ratio of G.P. is 3, nth term is 486 and sum of first n terms is 728.
(8) If x, 2y, 3z are in A.P. where the distinct numbers x, y, z are in G.P. Then find the common ratio
of G.P.
(9) A G.P. consist of 2n terms. If the sum of the terms occupying the odd places is S 1 and that of
the terms occupying the even places is S2 , then find the common ratio of the progression.

(10) If continued prodcut of three number in G.P. is 216 and sum of there product in pairs is 156. Find
the numbers.
1 S
Ans. (7) 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486 (8) (9) 2 .
3 S1
(10) 2, 6, 18
Remarks :
(i) If a, b, c are in G.P.  b2 = ac, in general if a1, a2, a3, a4,......... an – 1 , an are in G.P.,
then a1an = a2an – 1 = a3 an – 2 = ..........................
a
(ii) Any three consecutive terms of a G.P. can be taken as , a , ar.
r
a a
(iii) Any four consecutive terms of a G.P. can be taken as, 3 , ar, ar3.
r r
(iv) If each term of a G.P. be multiplied or divided or raised to power by the same non−zero
quantity, the resulting sequence is also a G.P..
(v) If a1, a2, a3,........ and b1, b2, b3,......... are two G.P’s with common ratio r1 and r2 respectively, then
the sequence a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, ..... is also a G.P. with common ratio r1 r2.
(vi) If a1, a2, a3,..........are in G.P. where each ai > 0, then log a1, loga2, loga3,..........are in A.P. and its
converse is also true.

Example # 16 : Three numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle number is doubled, then the new
numbers are in A.P. The common ratio of G.P. is :
a
Solution : Three number in G.P. are , a, ar
r
a
then , 2a ar are in A.P. as given.
r
 1
 2(2a) = a  r + 
 r
or r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
or r=2± 3
or r = 2 + 3 as r > 1 for an increasing G.P.

Example # 17 : The sum of an infinite geometric progression is 2 and the sum of the geometric progression
made from the cubes of this infinite series is 24. Then find its first term and common ratio :
Solution : Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio of G.P.
a a3
= 2, = 24 , –1 < r < 1
1– r 1– r 3
1
Solving we get a = 3, r = –
2
p
Example # 18 : Express 0.423 in the form of , (where p, q  , q  0)
q
4 23 23 4 a 4 23 419
Solution : S= + 3 + 5 + .......  = + = + =
10 10 10 10 1– r 10 990 990

Example # 19 : Evaluate 9 + 99 + 999 + ........... upto n terms.

Solution : Let S = 9 + 99 + 999 + ..........upto n terms.
= [9 + 99 + 999 + .......]
= [(10 – 1) + (102 – 1) + (103 – 1) + ........ + upto n terms]
 10(10n − 1) 
= [10 + 102 + 103 + ...........+ 10n – n] =  − n
 9 
Geometric means (mean proportional) (G.M.):
If a, b, c are in G.P., b is called as the G.M. of a & c.
If a and c are both positive, then b = ac and if a and c are both negative, then b = – ac .
b² = ac, therefore b = ac ; a > 0, c > 0.
n-Geometric means between a, b :
If a, b are two given numbers & a, G1, G2,....., Gn, b are in G.P.. Then
G1, G2, G3,...., Gn are n G.M.s between a & b.

G1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G2 = a(b/a)2/n+1,......, Gn = a(b/a)n/n+1

Note : The product of n G.M.s between a & b is equal to the nth power of the single G.M. between a & b

( )
n


n
i.e. Gr = ab = Gn , where G is the single G.M. between a & b.
r =1

Example # 20 : Between 4 and 2916 are inserted odd number (2n + 1) G.M’s. Then the (n + 1)th G.M. is
Solution : 4, G1.G2, ....... Gn+1, .... G2n, G2n+1, 2916
Gn+1 will be the middle mean of (2n +1) odd means and it will be equidistant from Ist and last
term
 4,Gn+1 , 2916 will also be in G.P.
 Gn2+1 = 4 × 2916 = 4 × 9 × 324 = 4 × 9 × 4 × 81
Gn+1 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 9 = 108.
Self practice problems :
a n + 1 + b n +1
(11) Find the value of n so that may be the G.M. between a and b.
an + bn
(12) If a = 111 ..........1 , b = 1 + 10 + 102 + 103 + 104 and c = 1 + 105 + 1010 + ..... + 1050, then prove
55

that
(i) ‘a’ is a composite number (ii) a = bc.
1
Ans. (11) n=–
2
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Geometric Progression
1. The third term of a G.P. is the square of the first term. If the second term is 8, find its sixth term.

2. The continued product of three numbers in G.P. is 216, and the sum of the products of them in pairs is
156; find the numbers

3. The sum of infinite number of terms of a G.P. is 4 and the sum of their cubes is 192. Find the series.

4. The sum of three numbers which are consecutive terms of an A.P. is 21. If the second number is reduced
by 1 & the third is increased by 1, we obtain three consecutive terms of a G.P., find the numbers.

5. If the pth, qth & rth terms of an AP are in GP. Find the common ratio of the GP. [16JM110054]

6. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., prove that : [16JM110053]

(i) (a2 − b2), (b2 − c2), (c2 − d2) are in G.P.
1 1 1
(ii) , , are in G.P.
a2 + b2 b2 + c 2 c 2 + d2

32 243
7. Let five geometric means are inserted between and then find sum of all the geometric means.
3 2

Section (B) : Geometric Progression

1. The third term of a G.P is 4. The product of the first five terms is
(A) 43 (B) 45 (C) 44 (D) 4

2. If S is the sum to infinity of a G.P. whose first term is ‘a’, then the sum of the first n terms is [16JM110059]

 a
n
  a 
n

(A) S  1 −  (B) S 1 −  1 −  
 S    S  

  a 
n   S n 
(C) a 1 −  1 −   (D) S 1 −  1 −  
  S     a 


an + 1 1 20
3. For a sequence {an}, a1 = 2 and
an
=
3
. Then a
r =1
r is

20  1 
(A) [4 + 19 × 3] (B) 3  1 − 20 
2  3 
 1 
(C) 2 (1 – 320) (D)  1 − 20 
 3 

4. ,  be the roots of the equation x2 – 3x + a = 0 and ,  the roots of x2 – 12x + b = 0 and numbers
, , ,  (in this order) form an increasing G.P., then [16JM110060]
(A) a = 3, b = 12 (B) a = 12, b = 3 (C) a = 2, b = 32 (D) a = 4, b = 16
5. One side of an equilateral triangle is 24 cm. The mid−points of its sides are joined to form another triangle
whose mid − points are in turn joined to form still another triangle. This process continues indefinitely.
Then the sum of the perimeters of all the triangles is
(A) 144 cm (B) 212 cm (C) 288 cm (D) 172 cm

6. Let 3 geometric means G1, G2, G3 are inserted between two positive number a and b such that
G3 − G2 b
= 2, then equal to
G2 − G1 a

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16

Answer Key
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Geometric Progression
1. 128 2. 2, 6, 18 or 18, 6, 2 3. 6, –3, 3/2, ......
q−r
4. 3, 7, 11 or 12, 7, 2 5. 7. 211
p−q

Section (B) : Geometric Progression

1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A)
6. (D)

Solution
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Geometric Progression
1. Let the three terms be a, ar, ar2  ar2 = a2  a = r2 and ar = 8
 r3 = 8, r = 2 and a=4  T6 = 4(2)5 = 128

a a a
2. Let the Numbers are , a, ar so a3 = 216  a = 6  .a + a.ar + ar. = 156
r r r
1 1 1 156
 a2 (1+ r + ) = 156  (1+ r + ) = 1+r+ =
r r r 36
 r = 3 or 1/3. Numbers are 2, 6, 18 or 18, 6, 2

(1– r )
2
a a3 (1 − r)3 192
3. = 4  = 192  =  =3
1– r 1– r 3 1− r3 (4)3 1+ r + r2
 1 + r2 – 2r = 3 + 3r + 3r2  2r2 + 5r + 2= 0  (2r + 1) (r + 2) = 0
r = –1/2, r = –2(rejected) When r = –1/2 , a = 6 so series is 6, –3, 3/2 .....

4. Let a – d , a, a + d  3a = 21  a =7
a – d, a –1, a + d + 1 are in G.P  7 – d, 6 , 8 + d are in G.P
 36 = (7– d) (8 + d)  36 = 56 – d –d2
 d2 + d – 20 = 0  d = –5 , 4
so Numbers are 3, 7, 11  12, 7, 2

Tq Tr a + (q − 1)d a + (r − 1)d
5. = = common ratio ; =
Tp Tq a + (p − 1)d a + (q − 1)d
using dividendo
(q − p) (r − q) Tq r −q q−r
=  = =
a + (p − 1)d a + (q − 1)d Tp q−p p−q

6. (i) Let b = ar
c = ar2 and d = ar3
So a (1– r ),a (r )(1 – r ),a r (1–r2) these are in G.P.
2 2 2 2 2 2 4

So (a2 – b2), (b2 – c2), (c2 – d2) are in G.P.

1 1 1 1 1 1
(ii) , , 2 = 2 , 2 2 , are in G.P.
a2 + b2 b2 + c 2 c + d2 a (1 + r 2 ) a r (1 + r 2 ) a2r 4 (1 + r 2 )

1/ 6
 243 3  3
7. Common ratio of means =   =
 2 32  2
 means are 16, 24, 36, 54, 81
their sum is 211.

Section (B) : Geometric Progression

1. T3 = 4
T1. T2. T3. T4. T5 = a5. r 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = a5. r10 = (ar2)5 = 45

a S–a a[1 − r n ]   S – a n 
2. S= r= ; S = = S 1 −   
1− r S 1− r   S  

an a1 2 a2 2
3. a1 = 2; an+1 = ; a2 = = ; a3 = =
3 3 3 3 32
  1 20 
2 . 1 −   
2 2   3    1 
a1 + a2 +.......................+ a20 = 2 + + 2 + .......... = = 3  1– 20 
3 3
1–
1  3 
3

4. +=3 ,  = a ;  +  = 12 ,  = b
       are in G.P. Let r be the common ratio so  (1+ r) = 3
r2(1+ r) = 12  r2 = 4  r=2
so  = 1  so a = 2, b = 32 Ans
24
5. = 3[24 + 12 + 6 + .........] = 3 = 144
1
1−
2
6. If a, G1, G2, G3, b are in G.P. with common ratio equal to 'r' then G1– a, G2 –G1, G3 – G2, b–G3 are also
G3 − G2 b
in G.P. with same common ratio  =r= 2 = r4 = 16
G2 − G1 a
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Harmonic progression (H.P.)

A sequence is said to be in H.P if the reciprocals of its terms are in A.P.. If the sequence a1, a2, a3,....,
an is in H.P. then 1/a1, 1/a2,...., 1/an is in A.P.
Note : (i) Here we do not have the formula for the sum of the n terms of an H.P.. For H.P. whose first term
ab
is a and second term is b, the nth term is tn = .
b + (n − 1)(a − b)
2ac a a−b
(ii) If a, b, c are in H.P.  b = or = .
a+c c b−c
a−b a
(iii) If a, b, c are in A.P.  =
b−c a
a−b a
(iv) If a, b, c are in G.P.  =
b−c b

Harmonic mean (H.M.):

2ac
If a, b, c are in H.P., b is called as the H.M. between a & c, then b =
a+c
If a1, a2 , ........ an are ‘n’ non-zero numbers then H.M. 'H' of these numbers is given by
1 1 1 1 1
=  + + ....... + 
H n  a1 a2 an 

1 1
Example # 21 : The 7th term of a H.P. is and 12th term is , find the 20th term of H.P.
10 25
Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of corresponding A.P.
a + 6d = 10
a + 11d = 25
5d = 15
d = 3, a = – 8
T20 = a + 19d
= – 8 + 19 × 3 = 49
1
20 term of H.P. =
49

3 3
Example # 22 : Insert 4 H.M between and .
4 19
Solution : Let 'd' be the common difference of corresponding A.P..
19 4
−
so d = 3 3 = 1.
5
1 4 7 3
 = +1= or H1 =
H1 3 3 7
1 4 10 3
= +2= or H2 =
H2 3 3 10
1 4 13 3
= +3= or H3 =
H3 3 3 13
1 4 16 3
= +4= or H4 = .
H4 3 3 16
2 12
Example # 23 : Find the largest positive term of the H.P., whose first two term areand .
5 23
5 23 30 23 16 9 2 –5
Solution : The corresponding A.P. is , ........ or , , , , , .......
2 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12
The H.P. is , , , , , – , .......
30 23 16 9 2 5
12
Largest positive term = =6
2
Self practice problems :
(13) If a, b, c, d, e are five numbers such that a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, d are in G.P. and c, d, e are in
H.P. prove that a, c, e are in G.P.
(14) If the ratio of H.M. between two positive numbers 'a' and 'b' (a > b) is to their G.M. as 12 to 13,
prove that a : b is 9 : 4.
b+a b+c
(15) a, b, c are in H.P. then prove that + =2
b−a b−c
(16) If a, b, c, d are in H.P., then show that ab + bc + cd = 3ad

Arithmetico-geometric series :
A series, each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding terms of an A.P. & G.P. is called
the Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 +.....
Here 1, 3, 5,.... are in A.P. & 1, x, x2, x3..... are in G.P..
Sum of n terms of an arithmetico-geometric series:
Let Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² +..... + [a + (n − 1)d] rn−1, then

Sn =
a
+
(
dr 1− r n −1)−
a + (n −1)dr n , r  1.
1− r (1− r ) 1− r
2

Sum to infinity: If r < 1 & n →  , then Limit rn = 0 and Limit n.rn = 0
n→ n→

a dr
 S = + .
1− r (1− r )2
2 3
 4n + 1   4n + 1   4n + 1 
Example # 24 : The sum to n terms of the series 1 + 5  +9   + 13  4n – 3  + ....... is .
 4n – 3   4n – 3   
4n + 1
Solution : Let x= , then
4n – 3
–4 1 (4n – 3)
1–x= , =–
4n – 3 1– x 4
x (4n + 1)
=–
1– x 4
S = 1 + 5x + 9x2 + ....... + (4n – 3)xn–1
Sx = x + 5x2 + ........ (4n – 3)xn
S – Sx = 1 + 4x + 4x2 + ......... + 4xn–1 – (4n – 3)xn.
4x
S(1 – x) = 1 + [1 –xn–1] – (4n – 3)xn
1– x
1  4x 4xn  (4n – 3)
S=  1 + – – (4n – 3)xn  = – [1– (4n + 1) + (4n – 3)xn – (4n – 3)xn ] = n (4n – 3).
1– x  1– x 1– x  4
Example # 25 : Find sum to infinite terms of the series 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ....., –1 < x < 1
Solution : let S = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ..... ........(i)
xS = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + ......... ........(ii)
(i) - (ii)  (1 – x) S = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ..........
1
or S=
(1 − x)2

Example # 26 : Evaluate : 12 + 22x + 32x2 + 42x3 ....... upto infinite terms for | x | < 1.
Solution : Let s = 12 + 22x + 32x2 + 42x3 ............  ...(i)
xs = 12x + 22x2 + 32x3...............  ...(ii)
(i) – (ii)
(1 – x) s = 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + ........
1 2x
(1 – x) s = +
1− x (1 − x )
2

1 2x
s= +
(1 − x ) (1 − x )
2 3

1 − x + 2x
s=
(1 − x )
3

1+ x
s=
(1 − x )
3

Self practice problems :

4+d 4 + 2d
(17) If 4 + + ......... = 1, then find d.
5 52

(18) Evaluate : 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 + ...... upto infinite term, where | x | < 1.
2
 1  1
(19) Sum to n terms of the series : 1 + 2  1 +  + 3  1 + n  + ......
 n  
64
Ans. (17) –
5
1
(18)
(1 − x)3
(19) n2
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression
1 1
1. Find the 4th term of an H.P. whose 7th term is and 13th term is .
20 38

2. Insert three harmonic means between 1 and 7.

a– x a–y a–z
3. If = = and p, q, r are in A.P. then prove that x, y, z are in H.P. [DRN 1113]
px qy rz

4. If a2, b2, c2 are in A.P. show that b + c , c + a, a + b are in H.P.

1 1 1 1
5. If b is the harmonic mean between a and c, then prove that + = + . [16JM110055]
b−a b−c a c

6. Sum the following series

2 3 4 3 7 15 31
(i) 1+ + 2 + 3 + ........ to n terms. (ii)  1+ + + + + ..... to infinity.
2 2 2 4 16 64 256

7. Find the sum of n terms of the series the rth term of which is (2r + 1)2r. [16JM110056]

Section (B) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression

1 1 3
1. If the 3rd, 6th and last term of a H.P. are , , , then the number of terms is equal to
3 5 203
(A) 100 (B) 102 (C) 99 (D) 101

b+a b+c
2. If a, b, c are in H.P. then the value of + is
b–a b–c
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2

3. If the roots of the equation x3 – 11x2 + 36x – 36 = 0 are in H.P. then the middle root is [DRN1383]
(A) an even number (B) a perfect square of an integer
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number

4. Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are:
(A) not in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P. (C) in G.P. (D) in H.P.

1 1
5. If 3 + (3 + d) + 2 (3 + 2d) +...... + upto  = 8, then the value of d is: [16JM110061]
4 4
(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 4

6. Let 'n' Arithmetic Means and 'n' Harmonic Means are inserted between two positive number 'a' and 'b'.
If sum of all Arithmetic Means is equal to sum of reciprocal all Harmonic means, then product of
numbers is
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D) 3
2

7. Let a1 , a2 a3 ........ be in A.P. and h1, h2, h3,...... in H.P. If a1 = 2 = h1 and a30 = 25 = h30 then [DRN1382]
(a7 h24 + a14 h17 ) equal to :
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 400

8. Statement 1 : 3,6,12 are in G.P., then 9,12,18 are in H.P.

Statement 2 : If three consecutive terms of a G.P. are positive and if middle term is added in these terms,
then resultant will be in H.P.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation
for STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
39 37 5.36 36 7.3 4  25 
9. S = 310 + 39 + + + + + + ..…...upto infinite terms, then   S equals to
4 2 16 16 64  36 
(A) 69 (B) 310 (C) 311 (D) 2. 310

1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9

10. The sum of infinite series + 2 + 3 + 4 + ......
2 2 2 2
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24
Answer Key
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression
1 14 14 14 2+n 8
1. 2. , , 6. (i) 4– (ii)
11 11 8 5 2n−1 3
7. n.2n + 2 – 2n + 1 + 2.

Section (B) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (A)
6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (C)

Solution
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression
1 1
1. T7 =  a + 6d = 20 ; T13 =  a + 12d = 38
20 38
1 1
d = 3, a = 2 so T4 = =
2+9 11

1
2. 1, A1, A2, A3,
7
1
= 1 + 4 .d
7
1
–1
–6 –3
d= 7 = =
4 28 14
3 11
A1 = 1 – =
14 14
6 18
A2 = 1 – =
14 14
9 5
A3 =1 – =
14 14
14 14 14
so , , are three harmonic means
11 8 5

a–x a–y a–z

3. Let = = =k
px qy rz
a–x a–y a–z
P= ,q = ,r =
kx kx kz
a– y a– x a– z
2 = +
 ky  kx kz
a  a a
2  – 1 = – 1 + – 1
y  x z
2a a a
= +
y x z
2 1 1
= +
y x z
Hence x, y, z are in H.P.

4. a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.

Let b + c, c + a, a + b are in H.P.
1 1 1
then are in A.P.
b+c c +a a+b
2 1 1
= +
c+a b+c a+b
2b2 = a2 + c2
hence a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
if a2 , b2, c2 are in A.P. then b + c, c + a, a – b are in H.P.

2ac
5. b=
a+c
1 1 1 1
+ = +
b−a b−c a c
1 1 1 1 (a + c) (a + c)
L.H.S. = + = + = +
b−a b−c 2ac
−a
2ac
−c a(2c − a − c) c(2a − a − c)
a+c a+c
a+c (a + c) a + c  1 1 a+c 1 1
= + =  −  = = + = RHS
a(c − a) c(a − c) (c − a)  a c  ac a c

2 3
6. (i) 1+ + 2 + ........... n terms
2 2
n
Tn =
2n–1
2 3 n
S = 1+ + 2 +............+ n–1 ...(i)
2 2 2
1 1 2 (n – 1) n
S= + 2 + ..........+ + n ...(ii)
2 2 2 2n–1 2
(i) – (ii) we get
1 1 1 1 n
S = [1+ + 2 +.........+ n–1 ] – n
2 2 2 2 2
  1  n

1. 1–   
  2  
n
1 n  1  2n 2+n
S= – n  S = 4 –4   – n ; S = 4 – n–1
2
1–
1 2 2 2 2
2
3 7 15 31
(ii) S=1+ + + + + ........ ..... (i)
4 16 64 256
1 1 3 7
S= + + + ........ ..... (ii)
4 4 16 64
(i) – (ii), we get
3 1 1 1 3 1 8
S=1+ + + + ........  S=  S=
4 2 4 8 4 1/ 2 3

7. Tr = (2r + 1) 2r
S = 3.2 + 5.22 + 7.23 + .........+ (2n + 1) 2n ...(i)
2S = 3.22 + 5.23 + .........+ (2n + 1) 2n + (2n + 1) 2n–1 ...(ii)
(i) – (ii) we get
– S = 3.2 + (2.22 + 2.23 + ......+ 2.2n) – (2n +1) 2n+1  – S = 6 + 8 (2n–1 –1) – (2n + 1) 2n+1
S = 2 – 2n+2 + n. 2n+2 + 2n+1  S = n.2n+2 – 2n+1 + 2

Section (B) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression

1 1 3
1. T3 = ,T = .T =
3 6 5 n 203
203
then 3rd , 6th term of A.P. series are 3, 6,
3
a + 2d = 3  a = 5d = 5
2 5
d= ,a=
3 3
203 5 203
a + (n – 1)d =  + (n–1) =
3 3 3
(n–1)2 = 198
n = 100
2. a, b, c are in H.P., then
1 1 1
, , are in A.P.
a b c
1 1 1 1
+ +
b+a b+c a b c b
S= + = +
b–a b–c 1 1 1 1
– –
a b c b
1 1 1 1
Let – = – =d
a b b c
 1 1  1 1  1 1
a + b–c + b  a – c  2d
S=     =  = =2
d d d

3. x3 – 11x2 + 36x – 36 = 0
if roots are in H.P. , then roots of new equation
1 11 36
– + – 36 = 0 are in A.P.
x3 x 2 x
36x3 + 36x2 – 11x + 1 = 0
36x3 – 36x2 + 11x –1 = 0
Let the roots be , , 
+  +  = 1
3 = 1 (2, =  + )
1
=
3
so middle roots in 3.

a b c d
4. a, b, c, d → , , , →
abcd abcd abcd abcd
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , → , , , →
bcd acd abd abc abc abd acd bcd
abc, abd, acd, bcd →

1 1
5. 3+ (3+d) + 2 (3+2d) + ..................+  = 8
4 4
S = 3 + (3+d) + (3+2d) + ..................+  ... (i)
1 3 1
S= + 2 (3 + d) + .............. ... (ii)
4 4 4
(i) – (ii) we get
1
d
3 1 1 3
S=3+ d + 2 d + ..........   S = 3 + 4
4 4 4 4 1
1−
4
3 d 12 4 4 4
S=3+ ;S= + d=8 =4+ d=8  d = 4  d = 9 Ans
4 3 3 9 9 9

a+b a+b
6. n  = n   ab = 1
 2   2ab 

7. If first and last term of A.P. and H.P. are same the product of x terms begining in A.P. and kth term from
end in H.P. is constant and equal = first term × last term
a7 h24 + a14 h17 = ab + ab = 2ab = 2(25) (2) = 100

8. Let a, b, c in G.P. then b2 = ac then a + b , 2b, b + c in HP

1 1 1 2 1 1
, , in AP = +
a + b 2b b + c 2b a+b b+c
(a + b) (b + c) = (a + c + 2b) b  ab + b2 + ac + bc = ab + bc + 2b2
 b2 = ac So statement (1) and (2) is true
 1
310  
 6  = 6 .3   25  S = 310
10 2 10
3
9. S= +  36 
 1  1
2
52  
 1 − −
 6   1
6 

3 15 35 63
10. S= + + + + .......
2 22 23 24

1 3 15 35
S = + + + .......
2 22 23 24

S 3 12 20
= + + + .......
2 22 22 23
again use same concept
S = 23
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Relation between means :

(i) If A, G, H are respectively A.M., G.M., H.M. between a & b both being positive, then G² = AH
(i.e. A, G, H are in G.P.) and A  G  H.

8
Example # 27 : The A.M. of two numbers exceeds the G.M. by 2 and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by ; find the
5
numbers.
Solution : Let the numbers be a and b, now using the relation
 8
G2 = AH = (G + 2)  G −   G = 8 ; A = 10
 5
i.e. ab = 64
also a + b = 20
Hence the two numbers are 4 and 16.

A.M.  G.M.  H.M.

Let a1, a2, a3, .......an be n positive real numbers, then we define their
a + a2 + a3 + ....... + an
A.M. = 1 , their
n
G.M. = (a1 a2 a3 .........an)1/n and their
n
H.M. = .
1 1 1
+ + ....... +
a1 a2 an
It can be shown that A.M.  G.M.  H.M. and equality holds at either places iff a1 = a2 = a3 = .........= an

ab bc ca
Example # 28 : If a, b, c > 0, prove that 2
+ 2
3
+
c a b2
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. we have
ab bc ca
+ + 1
c 2 a2 b2   ab . bc . ca  3  ab bc ca
+ 2+ 2 3
 2 2 2
3 c a b  c 2
a b
1 1 1 1
Example # 29 : If ai > 0  i = 1, 2, 3, ....... prove that (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  + + ..... +   n2
 1
a a 2 a 3 an 

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  H.M.

a1 + a2 + a3 ....... + an n

n 1 1 1 1
+ + ..... +
a1 a2 a3 an
1 1 1 1 
 (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  + + ..... +   n2
 1
a a 2 a 3 an 
 1 1  1 1   1 1 
Example # 30 : If x, y, z are positive then prove that (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  +  +   +   64
 x y  y z   z x 
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  H.M.
x+y 2  1 1
  (x + y)  +   4 .....(i)
2 1 1 x y
+
x y
 1 1
similarly (y + z)  +   4 .....(ii)
y z
 1 1
(z + x)  4  +  .....(iii)
z x
 1 1  1 1   1 1 
by (i), (ii) & (iii) (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  +  +   +   64
 x y  y z   z x 

Example # 31 : If n > 0, prove that 2n > 1 + n 2n−1

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. on the numbers 1, 2, 22, 23,..........., 2n–1 , we have
1 + 2 + 22 + ....... + 2n −1
> (1.2. 22. 23. ......... .2n–1)1/n
n
Equality does not hold as all the numbers are not equal.
1

2n − 1  (n −1) n  n (n −1)
 > n 2 2   2n – 1 > n 2 2
2 −1  
(n −1)
 2n > 1 + n 2 2
.

Example # 32 : If x, y, z are positive and x + y + z = 7 then find greatest value of x2 y3 z2.

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M.

x x y y y z z
+ + + + + +
1

2 2 3 3 3 2 2   x . y .z 
2 3 2 7

 
7  4 27 4 
1
 x 2 y 3 z2  7
 1  . .   432  x2 y3 z2
 4 27 4 

Self practice problems :

(20) If a, b, c are real and distinct, then show that a2 (1 + b2) + b2 (1 + c2) + c2 (1 + a2) > 6abc
(21) Prove that 2.4.6.8.......2n < (n + 1)n. (n  N)
bcd cda dab abc
(22) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers prove that + 2 + 2 + 2 >a+b+c+d
a2 b c d
(23) If x6 – 12x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + 64 = 0 has positive roots then find a, b, c, d,
(24) If a, b > 0, prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b)]3 > 33 a2 b2
Ans. (23) a = 60, b = –160, c = 240, d = –192
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
1. Using the relation A.M.  G.M. prove that
(i) (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2 y2 z2. (x, y, z are positive real number)
(ii) (a + b) . (b + c) . (c + a)  abc ; if a, b, c are positive real numbers

x100
2. If x > 0, then find greatest value of the expression .
1 + x + x + x3 + ..... + x 200
2

16
3. The H.M. between two numbers is , their A.M. is A and G.M. is G. If 2A + G2 = 26, then find the
5
numbers.
4. If a, b, c are positive real numbers and sides of the triangle, then prove that [DRN1291]
(a + b + c)3  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a)
5. If ai >0 for all i = 1,2,3 .........n then prove that
(1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) ......... (1 + an + a2n)  3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)

Section (B) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M

1. If x  R, the numbers 51+x + 51–x, a/2, 25x + 25–x form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the interval:
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D) [12, )
2. If A, G & H are respectively the A.M., G.M. & H.M. of three positive numbers a, b, & c, then the equation
whose roots are a, b, & c is given by :
(A) x3 − 3 Ax2 + 3 G3x − G3 = 0 (B) x3 − 3 Ax2 + 3 (G3/H)x − G3 = 0
(C) x + 3 Ax + 3 (G /H) x − G = 0
3 2 3 3 (D) x3 − 3 Ax2 − 3 (G3/H) x + G3 = 0
3. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the
relation:
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4
4. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, the greatest value of a2b3c2. [16JM110062]
310.24 39.24 39.25 310.25
(A) (B) (C) (D)
77 77 77 77
5. If P, Q be the A.M., G.M. respectively between any two rational numbers a and b, then P – Q is equal to
2
a−b a+b 2ab  a− b
(A) (B) (C) (D)  
a 2 a+b  2 

Answer Key
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
1
2. 3. 2, 8
201

Section (B) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (D)

Solution
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
x 2 y + y 2 z + z2 x
1. (i) (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2y2z2   (x2y . y2z . z2x)1/3
3
x2y + y2z + z2x  3xyz ......(i)
xy 2 + yz 2 + zx 2
and  (xy2 . yz2 . zx2)1/3  xy2 + yz2 + zx2  3xyz ......(ii)
3
By (i) and (ii)
 (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2y2z2
(ii) (a +b) (b + c) (c + a) > abc
abc + b2c + bc 2 + c 2a + a2b + ab2 + abc + a2c
 (abc . b2c . bc2 . c2a . a2b . ab2 . abc . a2c)
8
 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)  8abc  (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) > abc

x100
2.
1 + x + x 2 + x3 + ..... + x 200
AM  GM
1
1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ..... + x 200  201  201
(1 . x . x 2 .....x 200 )  1 + x + x +201 x 3 + ..... + x 200
1 2
. 200
 201
 x 2 
201  
1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ..... + x 200 x 100
1
 x100  
201 1 + x + x 2 + x3 + ..... + x 200 201

2ab 16
3. Let a and b are two numbers = ..... (1)
a+b 5
a+b
=A and ab = G
2
 2A + G2 = 26  (a + b) + ab = 26 ..... (2)
10 ab
 + ab = 26  26 ab = 26 × 16  ab = 16
16
 from (1), we get a + b = 10 So a, b are (2, 8) Ans.

(a + b − c) + (a + c − b) + (b + c − a)
4.  ((a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a))1/3
3
(a+b+c)  3((a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a))1/3
(a+b+c)3  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a) Hence Proved

5. Using A.M.  G.M.

1 + a1 + a12
 a1  1 + a1 + a21  3a1
3
similarly 1 + a2 + a22  3a2
: : :
1 +an + a n  3an
2

multiplying
(1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) .........(1 + an + a2n)  3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)
Section (B) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
1. xR
51+x + 51–x , a/2 , 52x +5–2x are in A.P
a = (52x + 5–2x) + (51+x + 51–x)  a = (52x + 5–2x) + 5(5x + 5–x) = (5x – 5–x)2 +2 + 5 (5x/2 – 5–x/2)2 + 10
a =12 + (5x – 5–x)2 + 5(5 x/2 – 5–x/2)2  a 12

a+b+c
2. AM = A = ; GM = G = (abc)1/3
3
3abc 3G3
HM = H = = .
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca
Equation whose roots are a,b,c  x3 –(a + b + c)x2 + (ab)x –abc = 0
3G3
 x3 – 3Ax2 + .x –G3 = 0 Ans
H

3. a+b+c+d=2  a, b, c, d > 0
(a + b) + (c + d)
 (a + b) (c + d)  1 (a + b) (c + d)  0
2
 0  (a + b) (c + d)  1  0M1

a a b b b c c
4. Taking A.M. and G.M. of number , , , , , , ,
2 2 3 3 3 2 2
a b c
2. + 3. + 2.   a  2  b 3  c  2 
1/ 7

we get A.M.  G.M. 2 3 2        

7  2   3   2  
 
1/ 7
3  a 2b3 c 2  37 a 2 b3 c 2 310.24
or   2 3 2 or  or a2b3c2 
7  2 .3 .2  77 24.33 77
310.24
 Greatest value of a2 b3 c2 =
77

( )
2

a+b a + b − 2 ab a− b
5. P= , Q= ab ; P–Q= =
2 2 2
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Results :
n n n n n
(i) 
r =1
(ar ± br) = 
r =1
ar ± 
r =1
b r. (ii) 
r =1
k ar = 
r =1
k a r.

n
(iii) 
r =1
k = k + k + k +...............n times = nk; where k is a constant.

n
n (n + 1)
(iv) 
r =1
r = 1 + 2 + 3 +...........+ n =
2
n
n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
(v) 
r =1
r² = 12 + 22 + 32 +...........+ n2 =
6
n
n2 (n + 1)2
(vi) 
r =1
r3 = 13 + 23 + 33 +...........+ n3 =
4

Example # 33 : Find the sum of the series to n terms whose nth term is 3n + 2.
3(n + 1) n n
Solution : Sn = Tn = (3n + 2) = 3n + 2 = + 2n = (3n + 7)
2 2
n
Example # 34 : Tk = k3 + 3k , then find T
k =1
k .

n n 2 2
 n(n + 1)  3(3n − 1)  n(n + 1) 
 
n
3 n
Solution :  Tk =
k =1
k3 + 3k = 
 2 

+
3 − 1
= 
 2  +
 2
(3 –1)
k =1 k =1

Method of difference for finding nth term :

Let u1, u2, u3 ........ be a sequence, such that u2 – u1, u3 – u2, ......... is either an A.P. or a G.P. then nth
term un of this sequence is obtained as follows
S = u1 + u2 + u3 + ........... + un ................(i)
S= u1 + u2 + ........... + un–1 + un ................(ii)
(i) – (ii)  un = u1 + (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + ........... + (un – un–1)

Where the series (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + .......... + (un – un–1) is
n
either in A.P. or in G.P. then we can find un. So sum of series S = 
r =1
ur
Note : The above method can be generalised as follows :
Let u1, u2, u3, ......... be a given sequence.
The first differences are 1u1, 1u2, 1u3, ........ where 1u1 = u2 – u1, 1u2 = u3 – u2 etc.
The second differences are 2u1, 2u2, 2u3, ......., where 2u1 = 1u2 – 1u1, 2u2 = 1u3 – 1u2 etc.
This process is continued untill the kth differences ku1 , ku2 , ........ are obtained, where the kth differences
are all equal or they form a GP with common ratio different from 1.
Case - 1 : The kth differences are all equal.
In this case the nth term, un is given by
un = a0nk + a1nk–1 + .....+ ak , where a0, a1, ...., ak are calculated by using first 'k + 1' terms of the sequence.

Case - 2 : The kth differences are in GP with common ratio r (r  1)

The nth term is given by un =  rn – 1 + a0 nk–1 + a1 nk–2 + ..... + ak–1

Example # 35 : Find the nth term of the series 1, 3, 8, 16, 27, 41, ..........

Solution : s = 1 + 3 + 8 + 16 + 27 + 41 + ...... Tn .....(i)

s= 1 + 3 + 8 + 16 + 27 .......Tn–1 + Tn .....(ii)
(i) – (ii)
Tn = 1 + 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + ....... (Tn – Tn – 1)
 n − 1 1
Tn = 1 +   [2 × 2 + (n – 2)3] = 2 [3n – 5n + 4]
2

 2 

Example # 36 : Find the sum to n terms of the series 5, 7, 13, 31, 85 + ......

Solution : Successive difference of terms are in G.P. with common ratio 3.

Tn = a(3)n –1 + b
a+b=5
3a + b = 7  a = 1, b = 4
n–1
Tn = 3 +4
Sn = Tn = (3n – 1 + 4) = (1 + 3 + 32 + ...... + 3n – 1) + 4n
1 n
[3 + 8n – 1]
2
Method of difference for finding sn :
If possible express rth term as difference of two terms as tr = ± (f(r) – f(r ± 1)). This can be explained with
the help of examples given below.
t1 = f(1) – f(0),
t2 = f(2) – f(1),

tn = f(n) – f(n-1)
 Sn = f(n) – f(0)
Example # 37 : Find the sum of n-terms of the series 2.5 + 5.8 + 8.11 + ...........
Solution : Tr = (3r – 1) (3r + 2) = 9r2 + 3r – 2
n n n n
Sn = r =1
Tr = 9 
r =1
Tr + 3  2
r =1
r –
r =1

 n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)   n ( n + 1) 
=9   + 3  – 2n
 6   2 
   
= 3n(n + 1)2 – 2n
1 1 1
Example # 38 : Sum to n terms of the series + + + .........
(1 + x)(1 + 3x) (1 + 3x)(1 + 5x) (1 + 5x)(1 + 7x)
Solution : Let Tr be the general term of the series
1
Tr =
1 + ( 2r − 1) x  1 + (2r + 1)x 

1  (1 + (2r + 1)x ) − (1 + (2r − 1)x )   1 1 

So Tr =   =  − 
2x  (1 + (2r − 1)x ) (1 + (2r + 1)x)   (1 + (2r − 1)x ) (1 + (2r + 1)x ) 
 Sn =  Tr = T1 + T2 + T3 + .......... + Tn

1  1 1  n
=  − =
2x  1 + x (1 + (2n + 1)x )  (1 + x)[1 + (2n + 1)x]

1 1 1
Example # 39 : Sum to n terms of the series + + +............
1.4.7 4.7.10 7.10.13

1 1  1 1 
Solution : Tn = =  − 
(3n − 2)(3n + 1)(3n + 4) 6  ( 3n − 2)( 3n + 1) ( 3n + 1)( 3n + 4 ) 
1  1 1   1 1  1 1 
=  −  + −  + ...... + − 
6  1.4 4.7   4.7 7.10  ( 3n − 2 )(3n + 1) (3n + 1)(3n + 4 ) 
1 1 1 
=  − 
6  4 ( 3n + 1)( 3n + 4 ) 

Example # 40 : Find the general term and sum of n terms of the series
1 + 5 + 19 + 49 + 101 + 181 + 295 + .........
Solution : The sequence of difference between successive term 4, 14, 30, 52, 80 .....
The sequence of the second order difference is 10, 16, 22, 28, ...... clearly it is an A.P>
so let nth term
Tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d
a+b+c+d =1 ....(i)
8a + 4b + 2c + d = 5 ....(ii)
27a + 9b + 3c + d = 19 ....(iii)
64a + 16b + 4c + d = 49 ....(iv)
from (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)
a = 1, b = –1, c = 0, d = 1  Tn = n3 – n2 + 1

 n (n + 1) 
sn = (n3 – n2 + 1 ) =  –
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
2
n n2 − 1 ( 3n + 2) ( )
  + n = +n
 2  6 12
Self practice problems :
(25) Sum to n terms the following series
3 5 7
(i) + + +...........
12.22 22.32 32.42
(ii) 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) ........
(iii) 4 + 14 + 30 + 52 + 82 + 114 + ..........
n n
1
(26) If  T = (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) then find  T
r =1
r
r =1 r

2n + n2 n ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) n
Ans. (25) (i) (ii) (iii) n(n + 1)2 (26)
(n + 1) 2 6 6 (n + 2)
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Summation of series
1. Find the sum to n-terms of the sequence.
(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ........ up to n terms (ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 + .............. up to n terms
1 3 7 15
2. + + + + .... to n terms. [16JM110057]
2 4 8 16
k k
3. (i) If tn = 3n – 2n then find 
n=1
tn . (ii) If tn = n(n + 2) then find t
n=1
n . [16JM110058]

(iii) Find the sum to n terms of the series 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 +.....

n n
(iv) 102 + 132 + 162 + ...... upto 10 terms (v) If  (r) = n(2n
r =1
2
+ 9n + 13) , then find the 
r =1
(r)

4. Find the sum to n-terms of the sequence.

1 1 1
(i) + + + .... (ii) 1 . 3 . 22 + 2 . 4 . 32 + 3 . 5 . 42 + ....
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9

Section (B) : Summation of series

1 1 1 3 5 2n − 1
1 If Hn = 1 + + + ...........+ , then value of 1 + + + ......... + is
2 3 n 2 3 n
(A) 2n – Hn (B) 2n + Hn (C) Hn – 2n (D) Hn + n
2. Statement 1 : The sum of the first 30 terms of the sequence 1,2,4,7,11,16, 22,....is 4520. [16JM110064]
Statement 2 : If the successive differences of the terms of a sequence form an A.P., then general term
of sequence is of the form an2 + bn + c.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation
for STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
n
1
3. The value of  is [16JM110085]
r =1 a+r x + a + (r − 1) x
n n a + nx − a a + a+n x
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a + a + nx a − a + nx 2x x
4. The value of (1.12 + 3.22 + 5.32 + ........ + upto 10 terms) is equal to :
(A) 6050 (B) 5965 (C) 5665 (D) 5385
Answer Key
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Summation of series
1
1. (i) 2n + 2 – 3n – 4(ii) (10n + 1 – 9n – 10)
27

n . 2n – 2n + 1
2.
2n

1 k+1 1 n(n + 1) n(n + 1)

3. (i) (3 + 1) – 2k+1 (ii) k(k + 1) (2k + 7) (iii) – if n is even, if n is odd
2 6 2 2
3 2
(iv) 6265 (v) (n + 3n)
2

1 1 n
4. (i) – (ii) (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (2n + 3)
12 4(2n + 1)(2n + 3) 10

Section (B) : Summation of series

1 (A) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (C)

Solution
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Summation of series
1. (i) S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...........n terms ...(i)
S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...........Tn ...(ii)
(i) – (ii) we get
0 = 1+ [ 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 +........(n –1) term] – Tn

Tn = 1 +
4 (2 n–1
–1 ) = 1+2n+1 – 4 = 2n+1 – 3
(2 – 1)
Sn = T n =  (2n+1 – 3) = (2n+2 – 4) – 3n = 2n+2 –3n – 4

3
(ii) S= 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 + ........ n term.
9
3
S = [9 + 99 + 999 + .........n term] = [(10 – 1) + (102 – 1) + (103 – 1) + ......n term]
9
3 10(10n − 1)  3
=  − n = [10n +1 – 9n – 10]
9  10 − 1  81

1 3 7 15  1  1  1  1
2. Let S=+ + + + ...... to n term = 1–  + 1–  + 1–  + 1–  + ... n term
2 4 8 16  2   4   8   16 
1 1 1 1 
= (1 + 1 + 1 + ..... n times) –  + + + + ....n term 
 2 4 8 16 
1  1 
n
 1– 
2   2  
 = n – 1 + 1 = n . 2 – 2 +1
n n
=n– 
 1 2n 2n
 1– 2 
 

3. (i) Tn = 3n – 2n ; Sn = 3 n
– 2 n

3 n +1 − 3 2n +1 − 2
Sn =
2
–
1
; Sn =
2
(
1 n+1
3 + 1 – 2n+1)
k k

t  n(n + 2) = 6 k(k + 1) (2k + 7)

1
(ii) n =
n=2 n=2
(iii) clearly n6 term of the given series is negative or positive accordingly as n is even or odd
respectively
(a) n is even
12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 + ....... + (n – 1)2 – n2
= (12 – 22) + (32 – 42) + (52 – 62) + ..... ((n – 1)2 – n2)
n(n + 1)
= (1 – 2) (1 – 2) + (3 – 4) (3 + 4) + (5 – 6) (5 + 6) + ...... + ((n –1) – (n)) (n – 1 + n) = –
2
(b) n is odd
(12 – 22) + (32 – 42) + ..... {(n – 2)2 – (n – 1)2} + n2
= (1 – 2) (1 + 2) + (3 – 4) (3 + 4)+ ........+ [(n – 2) – (n – 1)) [ (n–2) + (n – 1)] + n2
= –(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +..........+ (n–2) + (n – 1)) + n2
(n – 1)(n – 1 + 1) n(n + 1)
= + n2 =
2 2
10
(iv)  (3r + 7)
r =1
2
= 6265
n
(v) Sn =  (r)
r =1
= n(2n2 + 9n + 13)

 I(r) = Sr – Sr–1
= r(2r2 + 9r + 13) – (r – 1) (2 (r – 1)2 + 9(r – 1) + 13)
= 6r2 + 12r + 6 – 6 (r + 1)2
 (r) = 6(x + 1)
n n
 n2 + 3n  3 2
  (r) = 6  (r + 1) = 6  = (n + 3n)
r =1 r =1  2  2

1 1 1 1
4. (i) S= + + + ......n terms; Tn=
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9 (2n − 1)(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
1  1 1  1  1 1  1  1 1 
 Tn =  −  ; T1 =  −  , T2 =  − ,
4  (2n − 1)(2n + 1) (2n + 1)(2n + 3)  4 1.3 3.5  4  3.5 5.7 
1  1 1 
T3 = −
4  5.7 7.9 
1  1 1 
Tn =  − sum of all terms gives Sn
4  (2n − 1)(2n + 1) (2n + 1)(2n + 3) 
1 1 1 
 Sn = −

4  3 (2n + 1)(2n + 3) 
(ii) 1.3.22 + 2.4.32 + 3.5.42 + ......... n terms
Tn = n(n + 2) (n + 1)2 = n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3 – 2)
Tn = n (n+1) (n+2) (n+3) – 2(n) (n+1) (n + 2)
Sn = S1 – 2S2
n n
1
S1 =  r (r + 1)(r + 2)(r + 3) =  [r (r + 1)(r + 2)(r + 3)(r + 4) – (r – 1) r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3)
r =1 r =1 5

1 1 1
= [1.2.3.4.5 – 0] + [2.3.4.5.6 – 1.2.3.4.5] + [3.4.5.6.7 – 2.3.4.5.6] +..
5 5 5
1
.......... + [n(n +1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4) – (n – 1) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)]
5
1
 S1 = [n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)]
5
n
1 n
Now S2 =  r (r + 1)(r + 2) =  [r(r + 1)(r + 2)(r + 3) − (r − 1) r(r + 1)(r + 2)]
r =1 4 r =1
1 1 1
= [1.2.3.4 – 0] + [2.3.4.5 – 1.2.3.4] + [3.4.5.6 – 2.3.4.5]
4 4 4
1
......... + [n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) – (n – 1) n (n + 1) (n + 2)]
4
1
 S2 = [n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)]
4
 n (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)(n + 4)  2
 Sn =   – 4 [n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)]
 5 
 n + 4 1  1
= n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)  − = n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (2n + 3)
 5 2  10

Section (B) : Summation of series

1 1 1
1 Hn = 1 + + + ........ +
2 3 n
3 5 2n − 1  1  1  1
1+ + + ......... + = (2 – 1) +  2 − 2  +  2 − 3  + ......... +  2 − n  = 2n – Hn
2 3 n      

2. S = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16...............Tn ...(i)
S = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 ...............Tn ...(ii)
(i) – (ii) we get
(n − 1) n n2 n
O = 1+(1+2+3+4+5............(n–1) term) – Tn  Tn = 1 + = – +1
2 2 2
 General term = Tn = an2 + bn + c here a = 1/2 , b= –1/2 , c = 1
n ( n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1 )
Sn = T n =
12 4
+n –

30. 31. 61 30. 31

S30 = – + 30 = 4727.5 – 232.5 + 30 = 4525 Ans (D)
12 4

n
1 n
(a + rx) − a + (r − 1) x
3. 
r =1 a + r x + a + (r − 1) x
; 
r =1 (a + rx) − (a + (r − 1) x)
;

1
= [ ( a + x − a + 0.x) + ( a + 2x − a + x) + ( a + 3x − a + 2x) + ..... + ( a + nx − a + (n − 1) x) ]
x
1  n
= a + nx − a  = Ans
x   a + a + nx

10 10 10
4.  (2r − 1)r
r =1
2
=  2r
r =1
3
− r
r =1
2
= 6050 – 385 = 5665
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Exercise – 1
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. Given the sequence of numbers x1, x2, x3, ...... x2013
x1 x2 x3 x 2013
which satisfy = = = ....... = , nature of the sequence is
x1 + 1 x2 + 3 x3 + 5 x 2013 + 4025
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) A.G.P.

3
2. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. if a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a is
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) – (D) –
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2

3. If 1, 2, 3 ... are first terms; 1, 3, 5 .... are common differences and S1, S2, S3 .... are sums of n terms of
given p AP’s; then S1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sp is equal to
np(np + 1) n(np + 1) np(p + 1) np(np − 1)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

4. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. (with common ratio r) beginning with the pth term is k times the sum of an
equal number of terms of the same series beginning with the qth term, then the value of k is:
(A) rp/q (B) rq/p (C) r p − q (D) rp + q

5. Consider the sequence 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, ..... of all positive integer, then 2011th term of this sequence
is [DRN1036]
(A) 2056 (B) 2011 (C) 2013 (D) 2060

  
6. If x = a
n=0
n
,y= b
n=0
n
,z= c
n=0
n
where a,b,c are in AP and |a| < 1, |b| < 1, |c| < 1, then x,y,z are in :

(A) HP (B) Arithmetico–Geometric Progression [16JM110067]

(C) AP (D) GP

n
a1 a2 a
7. If a1, a2 , ........ are in H.P. and f(k) =  (a
r =1
r – ak ) , then ,
f(1) f(2)
,....... n are in
f(n)
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

8. If a1, a2, a3, ........., an are positive real numbers whose product is a fixed number c, then the minimum
value of a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + an – 1 + 2an is
(A) n(2c)1/n (B) (n + 1) c1/n (C) 2nc1/n (D) (n + 1)(2c)1/n
n(n + 1)2
9. The sum of the first n-terms of the series 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + .......... is , when n is
2
even. When n is odd, the sum is [16JM110068]
n(n + 1)2 n2 (n + 2) n2 (n + 1) n(n + 2)2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 4

10. Let Tr and Sr be the rth term and sum up to rth term of a series respectively. If for an odd number n, Sn = n
T
and Tn = n2−1 then Tm (m being even) is
n
2 2m2 (m + 1)2 2(m + 1)2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1+ m 2
1+ m 2
2 + (m + 1)2
1 + (m + 1)2

11. If 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 20032 = (2003) (4007) (334) and [16JM110069]

(1) (2003) + (2) (2002) + (3) (2001) + ..... + (2003) (1) = (2003) (334) (x)., then x equals
(A) 2005 (B) 2004 (C) 2003 (D) 2001

n n (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3 ) n
1
12. If t r =
8
, then t
r =1
equals
r =1 r

 1 1  1 1
(A)  −  (B)  − 
 ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) 2 

 ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) 2 


 1 1  1 1
(C)  +  (D)  + 
 (n + 1) (n + 2) 2   (n − 1) (n − 2) 2 

1 1 1 2 1 1 1
13. If 2
+ 2
+ 2
+...... upto  = , then 2 + 2 + 2 +...... = [16JM110070]
1 2 3 6 1 3 5
(A) 2/12 (B) 2/24 (C) 2/8 (D) 2/4
Answer Key
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (A)
6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (D)
11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (C)

Solution
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
x1 x2 x3 x 2013 1
1. = = = ...... = =
x1 + 1 x 2 + 3 x 3 + 5 x 2013 + 4025 
1 3 5 4025
 x1 = ,x = ,x = , ........, x2013 =
 −1 2  −1 3  −1  −1
2
 x1, x2, x3, ........, x2013 are in A.P. with common difference = =d
 −1

2. 2b = a + c and b2 =  ac
case-
3 1
if b2 = ac and a+c+b=  b=
2 2
1 1
a+c=1  ac =  (1 – c) c =
4 4
1 1 1
c2 – c + =0  c=  a=
4 2 2
a = b = c so not valid
case-
1 1
b2 = – ac and b= ; a+c=1  ac = –
2 4
1 1 1 1+ 1 1 2
(1 – c) c = –  c2 – c – =0  c= =
4 4 2 2
1+ 2 1– 2
c=  a =
2 2

3. S1 + S2 + S3 + ....... + Sp
n
 S1 = [2.1 + (n – 1) 1]
2
n
S2 = [2.2 + (n – 1) 3]
2
n
S3 = [2.3 + (n – 1) 5]
2

  
n
Sp = [2.p + (n – 1) (2p – 1)]
2
n
So S1 + S2 + ..... + Sp = [2(1 + 2 + ..... p) + (n – 1) (1 + 3 + 5 + ..... (2p – 1))]
2
n  p (p + 1)  n p
= 2 . + (n − 1) p2  = (n p + 1) Ans.
2  2  2

ar p −1(r n − 1) ar q−1(r n − 1)
4. =k . ; rp–1 = k . rq–1 ; k = rp–q
r −1 r −1

5. 452 = 2025 & 462 = 2116  there are 45 squares  2056

which are left only from sequence of possible integers since 2056 = 2011 + 45
 2011th term = 2056
1 1 1
6. x= ,y= ,z=  a, b, c are in A.P.
1− a 1− b 1− c
 1 – a, 1 – b, 1 – c are also in A.P.
1 1 1
 , , are in H.P.
1− a 1− b 1− c

n
7. f(k)  (a
r =1
r – ak )
n n
= a – a
r =1
r
r =1
k

f(k) =  – nak
f(i) =  – nai
ai ai
=
f(i)  – nai
1
=

–n
ai
<ai> in A.P.
1
   in A.P.
ai

  – n  in A.P.
ai
1
   in H.P.

–n
ai
ai
   in A.P.
f(i)

a1 + a2 + a3 + ......2an
8. a1 · a2 · a3 · .......an = c   (a1a2a3 ... 2an)1/n  (2c)1/n
n
 a1 + a2 + a3 + ........2an  n(2 c)1/n

n(n + 1)2
9. 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + ......n terms = , when n is even
2
(n + 1)2
12 + 2 . 22 + 32 + ..... 2 . n2 = n  when n is odd n + 1 is even
2
(n + 2)2
12 + 2 . 22 + 32 + ..... n2 + 2 . (n + 1)2 = (n + 1)
2
 (n + 2)2
 (n + 1) n2
12 + 2 . 22 + 32 + ..... n2 = (n + 1)  – 2(n + 1) =
 2  2

10. Sn – Sn–2 = 2  Tn + Tn–1 = 2

 1  2 2n2
Also Tn – Tn–1 = 2 ; Tn + Tn–1 =  2 + 1 Tn–1 = 2  Tn–1 = =
n  1 1 + n2
1+
n2
2(m + 1)2
So Tm =
1 + (m + 1)2

11. If 12 + 22 + 32 + ......... + 20032 = (2003) (4007) (334)

(1) (2003) + (2) (2002) + (3) (2001) + ......... + (2003) (1) = (2003) (334) (x)
2003 2003 2003
 r
r =1
(2003 − r + 1) = (2003) (334) (x)  2004. 
r =1
r – 
r =1
r 2 = (2003) (334) (x)

 2003 . 2004 
 2004   . – 2003 . (4007) . 334 = (2003) (334) (x)
 2 
 x = 2005 Ans.
n n −1 n ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
12. 
r =1
tr = Sn  
r =1
tr = Sn – 1  tn = Sn – Sn – 1 =
2
n n
   1
t  r (r + 1)(r + 2)
1 2 1 1 1
= =   n (n + 1) − (n + 1)(n + 2 )  = –  (n + 1)(n + 2 ) − 2 
r =1 r r =1    

1 1 1 2
13.  = 2
+ 2 + 2 +......  =
1 2 3 6
1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 
Let + 2 + 2 + ......... = A   =  2 + 2 + 2 + ......  + 2  2 + 2 + 2 + ...... 
12 3 5  1 3 5  2  1 2 3 
 3 3 2 2
 = A+  A= = ×  A=
4 4 4 6 8
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

EXERCISE – 1
PART - I : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE
1. A man arranges to pay off a debt of Rs. 3600 by 40 annual installments which form an arithmetic series.
When 30 of the installments are paid he dies leaving a third of the debt unpaid. Find the value of the first
installment.

2. In a circle of radius R a square is inscribed, then a circle is inscribed in the square, a new square in the
circle and so on for n times. If the ratio of the limit of the sum of areas of all the circles to the limit of the
4k
sum of areas of all the squares as n →  is k, then find the value of . [16JM110071]


3. If the common difference of the A.P. in which T7 = 9 and T1T2T7 is least, is ‘d’ then 20d is–

4. The number of terms in an A.P. is even ; the sum of the odd terms is 24, sum of the even terms is 30,
and the last term exceeds the first by 10½; find the number of terms. [16JM110074]

5. If x > 0, and log2 x + log2 ( x ) + log ( x ) + log ( x ) + log ( x ) + ...... = 4, then find x. [16JM110072]
2
4
2
8
2
16

6. Given that   are roots of the equation Ax2 − 4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the equation
B x2 − 6 x + 1 = 0, then find value of (A + B), such that , ,  &  are in H.P.

7. Find the sum of the infinitely decreasing G.P. whose third term, three times the product of the first and
fourth term and second term form an A.P. in the indicated order, with common difference equal to
1/8.

8. If a, b, c are in GP, a – b, c – a, b – c are in HP, then the value of a + 4b + c is

9. a, a1, a2, a3,..., a2n , b are in A.P. and a, g1, g2, g3,.....g2n, b are in G.P. and h is the harmonic mean of a
a + a 2n a2 + a2n − 1 an + an + 1 Kn
and b, if 1 + + ... + is equal to , then find value of K. [16JM110075]
g1g2n g2 g2n − 1 gn gn + 1 20h

10. If the arithmetic mean of two numbers a & b (0 < a < b) is 6 and their geometric mean G and harmonic
mean H satisfy the relation G2 + 3 H = 48. Then find the value of (2a – b) [16JM110076]

5 55 555
11. If S = + 2
+ + + ... up to , then find the value of 36S.
13 (13) (13)3

25 22 32 42 52 62
12. If = 12 − + 2 − 3 + 4 − 5 +........ , then find the value of k
k 5 5 5 5 5
13. If xi > 0, i = 1, 2, ..., 50 and x1 + x2 + .. + x50 = 50, then find the minimum value of [16JM110073]
1 1 1
+ + .....+ .
x1 x 2 x 50

14. If a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are positive real numbers such that a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 16 then find maximum value of
(a1 + a2)(a3 + a4).

15. If S1 , S2, S3 are the sums of first n natural numbers, their squares, their cubes respectively, then is
S3 (1 + 8S1 )
equal to [16JM110077]
S22

1 2 3
16. If S = + + +........, then find the value of 14S. [DRN1035]
1+ 1 + 1
2 4
1+ 2 + 2
2 4
1 + 32 + 3 4
Answer Key
PART - I : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE
1. 51 2. 2 3. 33 4. 8 5. 4
6. 11 7. 2 8. 0 9. 40 10. 0
11. 65 12. 54 13. 50 14. 64 15. 9
16. 7

Solution
PART - I : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE
1. Let first installment be = 'a' and the common difference of the A.P. be ‘d’
40
So a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ....... + (a + 39d) = 3600  [2a + 39 d] = 3600
2
 2a + 39 d = 180 ..... (1)
30
and [2a + 29 d] = 2400
2
 2a + 29d = 160 ..... (2)
By equations (1) & (2), we get
d = 2 and a = 51 Ans.

R
2. Area = A1 = R2  OB =
2
R  2
 R2 R2  1
So Area A2 =   . So Lim  ( R2 ) + + + ....  = R2 . = 2R2
 2  n →
 2 4   1 
1 − 2 
 

2R 2 2R 2 2R2
Now sum of areas of the squares = 2R2 + + + .......  = = 4R2
2 4 1
1−
2

3. a + 6d = 9 ; T1 T2 T7 = a(a + d) (a + 6d) = 9a (a + d) = 9(9 – 6d) (9 – 5d)

 T7 = a + 6d = 9. Let A = T1 T2 T7
dA 33
= 9[–45 – 54 + 60 d] = 0  60 d = 99  d= Ans.
d(d) 20

4. Let AP has 2n terms

n
Sum of odd term = 24  [a1 + a2n – 1] = 24 ..... (1)
2
n
and sum of even terms = 30  [a2 + a2n] = 30 ..... (2)
2
21
and a2n = a1 +
2
21 21
a1 + (2n – 1)d = a1 +  (2n – 1) d = ..... (3)
2 2
By equation (1) & (2)
48 60
a1 + a2n – 1 = and a2 + a2n =
n n
24 30 6
So a1 + (n – 1)d = and a1 + nd = So d=
n n n
6 21 6 3
Now (2n – 1) =  n = 4, d = =
n 2 4 2
3 9
So no. of terms = 2n = 8 and a1 = 3/2. Numbers are , 3, ...... .
2 2

1 1
5. log2 x + log2 ( x ) + log2 (x)1/4 + log2 (x)1/8 + ..... = 4  log2 x + log2 x + log2x +....= 4
2 4
log2 x
 =4  log2 x = 2  x=4
1
1−
2

4 1 6 1
6. += , = and  +  =
, =
A A B B
2 1
Since , , ,  are in H.P.  = = is root of Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0  B=8
+ 2
2 1
similarly  = = is root of Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0  A = 3
+ 3

7. ar2, 3a.ar3, ar are in A.P. d = 1/8 ar2, 3a.ar3, ar d = 1/8

3a2r3 – ar2 = 1/8 .....(1) ; ar = a2 + 2.1/8 ......(2)
1
( −) =
2
from (2) a = ......(3)
4r(1 − r)
1
from (1) & (3) r = ; r = –2 but 0<r<1
2
1 1 1 1 1
r=  a = 1  1, , , ......... sum = =2
2 2 4 8 1
1−
2

8. a, b, c are in G.P.  b2 = ac  (a – b), (c – a), (b – c) are in H.P.

1 1 1 b
So , , are in AP. Let a, b, c are , b, br
a−b c −a b −c r
1 1 1
So , , are in AP.
b b b − br
− b br −
r r
2 1 1 2r r 1
So = +  = +
br −
b b
−b b − br r −1
2
1− r 1− r
r r
2r
 – = (1 + r)  (1 + r)2 = –2r
(r + 1)
c 4b
 r2 + 1 + 4r = 0  +1 + =0  a + 4b + c = 0
a a

2ab
9. a, a1, a2 ........, a2n, b are in AP and a, g1, g2, ........g2n, b are in GP and h=
a+b
a1 + a2n a + a 2n −1 a + a n +1 a+b a+b a+b a+b 2n
 + 2 + ...... + n = + + ....... + = 2n   .=
g1 g2n g2 g2n −1 gn gn +1 ab ab ab  2ab  h

a+b
10. =6
2
2ab 3ab
G2 + 3H = 48  ab + 3 = 48  ab + = 48
a+b 6
3
 ab = 48  ab = 32  a = 4 , b = 8.
2

5 55 555 5  (10 – 1) 102 – 1 103 – 1 

11. S= + + + .........  S=  + + + ..... 
(13 ) (13 ) 9  13 (13 ) (13 ) 
2 3 2 3
13

 10  1 
5  13   5 10 1  5  39  65
=  –  13   =  3 – 12  = 9  12  = 36 Ans
9  10 
1–
1  9    
 1– 
 13  13  

22 32 42 52 62
12. S= 12 – + 2 – 3 + 4 – 5 +.............. ...(i)
5 5 5 5 5
1 1 22 32 42 52
– S = – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – +.............. ...(ii)
5 5 5 5 5 5
(i) – (ii) we get
6 3 5 7 9 11
S = 1– + 2 – 3 + 4 – 5 +................. ...(iii)
5 5 5 5 5 5
6 1 3 5 7 9
– S = – + 2 – 3 + 4 – 5 +................. ...(iv)
25 5 5 5 5 5
(iii) – (iv) we get
6s  6  2 2 2 2
5 = 1 – + 2 – 3 + 4 – .........
5   5 5 5 5
 
36 2  1  36 2 5 2 25 2 25
S = 1–   ; S = 1–  = ; S= × = Ans
25 5 1 + 1  25 5 6 3 36 3 54
 5 

13. x1 + x2 + x3 +...............+ x50 = 50

AM  HM
x1 + x 2 + ........ + x 50 1

50 1 1 1 1
+ + + .... +
x1 x 2 x 3 x 50
50
x + x 2 + .......... + x50 50 1 1 1
 1   + + ........ +  50
50 1 1 1 x1 x 2 x 50
+ + ........ +
x1 x 2 x 50
1 1 1
so min value of + + ........ + = 50
x1 x 2 x 50

(a1 + a2 ) + (a3 + a4 )
14.  (a1 + a2 )(a3 + a4 ) (a1 + a2 )(a3 + a4 )  64
2

(n + 1)   8n ( n + 1) 
2
n
  1 + 
S3 (1 + 8 S1 ) 2 2 1 + 4n (n + 1) 9
15. =     =  = 9 Ans
 n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1)  ( 2n + 1)
2 2 2
S 2
 
 6 

n 1  (2n)  1  1 1 
16. Tn = =  2 
; Tn = −
1+ n + n
2 4
2  (1 + n + n )(1 − n + n ) 
2
2 1 − n + n 1 + n + n2 
 2

1 1 1  1  1 1
T1 =  −  , ; T2 = − ,
2 1 3  2  3 7 
1 1 1 
T3 = − ,
2  7 13 

1  1 1 
Tn = −
2 1 − n + n2 1 + n + n2 
1  1  n + n2
Sn =  Tn = 1 − =
2  1 + n + n2  2(1 + n + n2 )
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Exercise – 1
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
1. The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. If the smallest angle is 120º & the common difference is 5º,
then the number of sides in the polygon is :
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 16 (D) 5

2. If 1, logy x, logz y, –15 logx z are in A.P., then [16JM110078]

(A) z3 = x (B) x = y–1 (C) z–3 = y (D) x = y–1 = z3

3. If a1, a2 , ......., an are distinct terms of an A.P., then

(A) a1+ 2a2 + a3 = 0 (B) a1 − 2a2 + a3 = 0
(C) a1 + 3a2 − 3a3 − a4 = 0 (D) a1 − 4a2 + 6a3 − 4a4 + a5 = 0

4. First three terms of the sequence 1/16, a, b, 1/6 are in geometric series and last three terms are in
harmonic series if [16JM110079]
1 1 1 1
(A) a = , b = (B) a = ,b=
9 12 12 9
1 1
(C) a = 1, b = − (D) a = − , b = 1
4 4

5. Which of the following numbers is/are composite

(A)1111......1 (91 digits) (B)1111......1 (81 digits)
(C)1111......1 (75 digits) (D)1111......1 (105 digits)

6. Three numbers a, b, c between 2 and 18 are such that [16JM110080]

(i) their sum is 25
(ii) the numbers 2, a, b, are in A.P.
(iii) the number b, c, 18 are in G.P.
then which of the following options are correct.
(A) a = 5 (B) b = 8 (C) b + c = 20 (D) a + b + c = 25

7. Consider an infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r. If the sum is 4 and the second
term is 3/4, then:
7 3 3
(A) a = , r = (B) a = 2, r =
4 7 8
3 1 1
(C) a = , r = (D) a = 3, r =
2 2 4
 1   1  1 
8. For the series 2 +  2 +

 +  (2 2 − 1) +  +  3 2 – 2 +
2  2  2 2
 + ..... ( )
 
 ( 2 − 1) 
n/2 n −1

(
(A) Sn = 2 2 + n − 1 −n +  ) n −1 
 1 2
(B) Tn = 2 2 + n − 1 −n +   ( )
 2 − 1 2 2 
  ( ) 2

 
 (2n/2
−1 )

(C) Sn =
n
(3 + (n − 1) 2 −n + ) n −1 
(D) Sn =
n
(3 + (n − 1) 2 −n + )
2 
 ( )
2 − 1 2 2 

2

p
1 S2p
9. If ak ak–1 + ak–1 ak–2 = 2ak ak–2 , k  3 and a1 = 1, here Sp = a
k =1
and given that
Sp
does not depend on
k

1
p then may be
a2016
(A) 4031 (B) 1 (C) 2016 (D) 2017/2

n
a k +1
10. If is constant for every k  1. If n > m  an > am and a1 + an = 66, a2an–1 = 128 and  ai = 126 then
ak i =1

[16JM110082]
a k +1 a k +1
(A) n = 6 (B) n = 5 (C) =2 (D) =4
ak ak

11. The sides of a right triangle form a G.P. The tangent of the smallest angle is
5 +1 5 −1 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 5 + 1 5 − 1

12. If b1, b2, b3 (bi > 0) are three successive terms of a G.P. with common ratio r, the value of r for which the
inequality b3 > 4b2 – 3b1 holds is given by [16JM110083]
(A) r > 3 (B) 0 < r < 1 (C) r = 3.5 (D) r = 5.2

13. If a satisfies the equation a2017 – 2a + 1 = 0 and S = 1 + a + a2 + ..... + a2016. then posible value(s) of S
is/are
(A) 2016 (B) 2018 (C) 2017 (D) 2

14. Let a, x, b be in A.P; a, y, b be in G.P and a, z, b be in H.P. If x = y + 2 and a = 5z, then [16JM110084]
(A) y2 = xz (B) x > y > z (C) a = 9, b = 1 (D) a = 1/4, b = 9/4

15. Which of the following is/are TRUE

(A) Equal numbers are always in A.P. , G.P. and H.P.
b b b
(B) If a, b, c be in H.P., then a − , , c − will be in AP
2 2 2
(C) If G1 and G2 are two geometric means and A is the arithmetic mean inserted between two positive
G12 G22
numbers, then the value of + is 2A.
G2 G1
(D) Let general term of a G.P. (with positive terms) with common ratio r be Tk + 1 and general term
of another G.P. (with positive terms) with common ratio r be Tk + 1, then the series whose
general term Tk + 1 = Tk + 1 + Tk + 1 is also a G.P. with common ratio r.

16. If the arithmetic mean of two positive numbers a & b (a > b) is twice their geometric mean, then a: b is:
(A) 2 + 3 : 2 − 3 (B) 7 + 4 3 : 1 (C) 1: 7 − 4 3 (D) 2: 3

n
17. If  r(r + 1)
r =1
(2r + 3) = an4 + bn3 + cn2 + dn + e, then

(A) a + c = b + d (B) e = 0
(C) a, b – 2/3, c – 1 are in A.P. (D) c/a is an integer
18. The roots of the equation x4 – 8x3 + ax2 – bx + 16 = 0, are positive, if
(A) a = 24 (B) a = 12 (C) b = 8 (D) b = 32

19. Let a1, a2, a3, ……..an is the sequence whose sum of first 'n' terms is represented by
a + a3 − xa2
Sn = an3 + bn2 + cn, nN. If a = 1 then
y
(A) H.C.F of (x,y) is 2 (B) H.C.F. of (x,y) is 3
(C) L.C.M of (x,y) is 6 (D) x + y = 8
Answer Key
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
1. (B) 2. (A), (B), (C), (D) 3. (B), (D) 4. (B), (D)
5. (A), (B), (C), (D) 6. (A), (B), (C), (D) 7. (D) 8. (B), (C)
9. (A), (B) 10. (A), (C) 11. (B), (C) 12. (A), (B), (C), (D)
13. (C), (D) 14. (A), (B), (C) 15. (C), (D) 16. (A), (B), (C)
17. (A), (B), (C), (D) 18. (A), (D) 19. (A), (C), (D)

Solution
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
1. Let a, a + d, a + 2d ....... are Interior angles
 sum of interior angles = (n – 2)  , where n is the number of sides
n
 a = 120°, d = 5°  [240° + (n – 1) 5°] = (n – 2) 180°
2
 n2 = 25n – 144  n = 16, 9 but n  16
because if n = 16, then an interior angle will be 180° which is not possible. So n = 9

2. 1, logy x, logz y, –15 logx z are in AP. Let commen diff. is d.

logy x = 1 + d  x = (y)1 + d ; logz y = 1 + 2d  y = (z)1 + 2d
 1+ 3d 
 
 −15 
– 15 logx z = 1 + 3d  z= x
 1+ 3d 
  (1 + d) (1 + 2d)
So x = (y)1 + d = ((z)1 + 2d)1 + d  x = (x) −15 
So (1 + d) (1 + 2d) (1 + 3d) = –15
So d = –2  x = (y)–1  y = (z)–3  z = (x)1/3  z3 = x. Ans.

3. (D) a1 + 4a2 + 6a3 – 4a4 + a5 = 0  a – 4(a + d) + 6(a + 2d) – 4(a + 3d) + (a + 4d) = 0 – 0 = 0
Like wise we can check other options

1 b
4. a, b are in G.P. hence a2 = or 16a2 = b ......(1)
16 16

2a
1 6 2a
a, b, are in H.P. hence, b= = ....(2)
6 1 6a + 1
a+
6
From (1) and (2)
2a  1 
16a2 =  2a =  8a − =0  48a2 + 8a – 1 = 0 ( a 0)
6a + 1  6a + 1 
1 1
 (4a + 1)(12a – 1) = 0  a= − ,
4 12
2 2
−1  1 1  1 1
when a = , then from (1) ; b = 16  −  = 1  when a = then from (1)  b = 16   =
4  4 12  12  9
1 1 1
therefore a = − , b = 1 or a= ,b=
4 12 9

5. We have 1111.....1 (91 digits) = 1090 + 1089 + ..... + 102 + 101 + 100
1091 – 1 (1091 – 1)  107 – 1  1091 – 1  107 – 1 
= = ×  7  =  
10 – 1 10 – 1  10 – 1  107 – 1  10 – 1 
= (1084 + 1077 + 1070 + ... + 1) (106 + 105 + ... + 1) Thus 111.... 1 (91 digits) is not a prime number

1 c2  c2
6. a + b + c = 25  2a = 2 + b  c2 = 18b   2 + + + c = 25
2 18  18
c2
 c = 12, –24  c  –24  b= =8  a=5
18
a 3
7.  =4 and ar =
1– r 4
3 / 4r 3
 =4  = 4 – 4r
1– r 4r
16r2 – 16r + 3 = 0  16r2 – 12r – 4r + 3 = 0
1 3
4r (4r – 3) – 1 (4r – 3) = 0  (4r – 3) (4r – 1) = 0  r= ,
4 4

 1 1 
8. 1 + + + .....  + (1+ ( 2) + (2 2 − 1) + ......)  r = 1/ 2 d= 2 –1
 2 2 

9. ak–1 [ak–2 + ak] = 2akak–2

2ak ak −2
ak–1 =
ak + ak −2
1 1 1
 , , are in A.P.
ak − 2 ak −1 ak
 Ak–2 , Ak–1 , Ak are in A.P.
2p
S2p (2a + (2p − 1)d)
Now = 2  for independent of p
Sp p
(2a + (p − 1)d)
2
2a – d = 0  d = 2a or d = 0
if d = 2a  A1 = 1, d = 2
A2016 = 1 + 2015 × 2 = 4031
1 1
 a2016 = =
A 2016 4031
If d = 0, A1 = 1 = A2 = A3 ....... = A2016

a k +1
10. is constant  G.P.
ak
an > am for n > m  increasing G.P.
a1 + an = 66 a2an–1 = 128
a + arn–1 = 66 a.arn–1 = 128 .......(2)
a(1 + rn–1) = 66 ....(1) a(66 – a) = 128  a2 – 66a + 128 = 0
(a – 2)(a – 64) = 0  a = 2, a = 64
 rn–1 = 32
n
a(r n − 1) 2(32r − 1)
 ai = 126 
i =1 r −1
= 126 
r −1
= 126  64r = 126 + 124  n = 6

11. Case - I
r>1
a2 + a2r2 = a2r4  r4 – r2 – 1 = 0
5 +1 5 +1
r2 = ; r=
2 2
1  2 
tangent of smallest angle = tan = =  
r  5 + 1
Case - II

0<r<1
a2 = a2r2 + a2r4  r4 + r2 – 1 = 0
5 –1 5 –1
r2 = ; r=
2 2
5 –1
tangent of smallest angle = tan = r =
2
12. b1, b2, b3 are in G.P.  b3 > 4b2 – 3b1  r2 > 4r – 3
 r2 – 4r + 3 > 0  (r – 1) (r – 3) > 0 So 0 < r < 1 and r > 3

a2017 − 1 2(a − 1)
13. Let a = 1, then s1 = 2017. If a 1 then s = . but a2017 = 2a – 1, therefore, S2 = =2
a −1 a −1

14. 2x = a + b ..... (1)

y2 = ab ..... (2)
2 ab
z= ..... (3)
a+b
x=y+2 ..... (4)
and a = 5z ..... (5)
2
2 y
z=  y2 = xz  x=y+2
2x
a+b
 = ab + 2 ..... (6)
2
(2ab)
and a=5  (a + b) = 10 b
a+b
 a = 9b ..... (7)
9b + b
= b . 9b + 2  5b = 3b + 2  b=1
2
So a=9  x>y>z

15. (A) equal numbers are not always in A.P., G.P. and in H.P.
for example 0, 0, 0, ........
a–b a 2 ac
(B) =  ac – bc = ba – a c  2ac – bc = ab  b=
b–c c a+c
consider
b b b
a – , ,c – in A.P.  b–a=c–b  2b = a + c
2 2 2
So statemet is false.

(C) Let numbers are a, b

a+b
a, G1, G2, b or A=
2
1 1 2
 b 3  b 3  b 3
r=   ; G1 = a   , G2 = a .  
a a a
b b2
a3 . + a 3 . 2
G +G
3 3
a a = a b + ab = a + b = 2A
2 2
 1 2
=
G1G2 b ab
a2 .
a
(D) Let Tk + 1 = ark and Tk + 1 = brk. Since Tk + 1 = ark + brk = (a + b) rk,
 Tk + 1 is general term of a G.P.

a+b
16. 2 = 2  a + b = 2 use compendendo and dividendo rule
ab 1 2 ab 1
a + b + 2 ab 3 a+ b 3 2 a 3 +1
 =  =  =
a + b – 2 ab 1 a– b 1 2 b 3 –1


a
=
3 + 1+ 2 3

a
=
2+ 3
=
( 2+ 3 ) ( 2+ 3 ) =7+ 4 3 Ans
b 3 + 1– 2 3 b 2– 3 4−3
n
17. 
r =1
r(r + 1) (2r + 3) = an4 + bn3 + cn2 + dn + e

n2 (n + 1) n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1)
2
n n


r =1
(r2+r) (2r + 3) = 
r =1
(2r3 + 5r2 +3r) = 2.
4
+5
6
+3
2
n ( n + 1)  5  n ( n + 1) 6 (n 2
+n ) +10 ( 2n + 1) + 18  n ( n + 1)
= n ( n + 1) + 3 ( 2n + 1) + 3  = 

 =

[6n2 +
2   2

6

12
26n + 28]
1 1
= [6n4 + 26n3 + 28n2 + 6n3 + 26n2 + 28n] = [6n4 + 32n3 + 54n2 + 28n]
12 12
6 32 54 28 7
a= ; b= ; c= ; d= = ; e=0
12 12 12 12 3
so a + c = b + d
2 32 2 24 42
b– = – = ; c –1 =
3 12 3 12 12
c 54
so a , b–2/3 , c–1 are in A.P = = 9 is an integer
a 6

18. Roots are 1, 2, 3, 4. ; A.M. = G.M. = 2. Hence, all the roots are equal.

a1 + a3 − 2a2
19. 6a = (a3 – a2) – (a2 – a1)  a=
6
Title: Sequence & Series
Chapter: Sequence & Series
Approximate Time to Complete (to be filled by student): ________________________
Total Marks Scored:
Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

• Attempt the worksheet in one go. See answers in one go at the end.
• All questions carry 4 marks for positive and -1 if you leave and -2 if you attempt
incorrectly.
• All proving or show questions (if done correctly) are of 4 marks. There is no negative
marking.
• If you cheat in worksheet then you are only cheating and such sinners do not get
selection in JEE so for your own sake refrain from cheating.
• Maintain the solutions of this worksheet and share the link of solution pdf in the
tracker if you want to be monitored.

Exercise – 1
PART - I : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension # 1 (Q.1 & 2)
n(n + 1)
We know that 1 + 2 + 3 + ....... = = f(n),
2
n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
12 + 22 + 32 + .......... + n2 = = g(n),
6
2
 n(n + 1) 
13 + 23 + 33 + .......... + n3 =   = h(n)
 2 
1. Even natural number which divides g(n) – f(n), for every n  2, is [16JM110086]
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) none of these

2. f(n) + 3 g(n) + h(n) is divisible by 1 + 2 + 3 + ........... + n [16JM110087]

(A) only if n = 1 (B) only if n is odd
(C) only if n is even (D) for all n  N

Comprehension # 2 (Q.3 & 4)

In a sequence of (4n + 1) terms the first (2n + 1) terms are in AP whose common difference is 2, and the
last (2n + 1) terms are in GP whose common ratio 0.5. If the middle terms of the AP and GP are equal,
then
3. Middle term of the sequence is
n . 2n + 1 n . 2n + 1
(A) (B) (C) n . 2n (D) None of these
2n − 1 22n − 1

4. First term of the sequence is [DRN1092]

4n + 2n . 2n 4n − 2n . 2n 2n − n . 2n 2n + n . 2n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2n − 1 2n − 1 2n − 1 2n − 1
Comprehension # 3 (Q.5 to 7)
Let 1Tn = Tn+1 –Tn, 2 Tn = 1Tn+1 – 1Tn , 3Tn = 2Tn+1 – 2Tn , ........ , and so on, where T1, T2, T3,
…..Tn–1, Tn, Tn+1,…… are the terms of infinite G.P. whose first term is a natural number and common
ratio is equal to 'r'.
5. If 2 T1 = 36, then sum of all possible integral values of r is equal to :
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) –2


T
7 p
6. Let n = and r = then sum of squares of all possible value of p is equal to :
n =1
3 7

(A) 42 (B) 46 (C) 45 (D) 30

7. If 7 Tn = 3 Tn , then 'r' equal to
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) –2
Answer Key
PART - I : COMPREHENSION
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (A)
6. (B) 7. (A)

Solution
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1) n(n + 1)  2n + 1  n(n + 1) 2n − 2
1. g(n) – f(n) = – =  3 − 1 =
6 2 2   2 3
n(n + 1)(n − 1) (n − 1) n (n + 1)
= =
3 3
(n − 1) n (n + 1) 1.2.3
for n = 2 = which is divisible by 2 but not by 22
3 3
(n − 1) n (n + 1)
 greatest even integer which divides , for every n  N, n  2, is 2
3

2
n(n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1)  n(n + 1)  n(n + 1)  n(n + 1) 
2. f(n) + 3g(n) + h(n) = + +   =  1 + 2n + 1 + 2 
2 2  2  2 
 n(n + 1) 
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n)  2n + 2 +  for all n  N
 2 
3. (3, 4)
1
Let 1st term be a . and common difference is 2 ; T2n + 1 = a + 4n = A (say) r =
2
Middle term of AP = Tn + 1 ; Middle term of GP = T3n + 1
(a + 4n) a + 4n
Tn + 1 = a + 2n  T3n + 1 = A . rn = (a + 2n) =  2n a + 2n2n = a + 4n
2n 2n
4n − 2n . 2n 4n − 2n . 2n 2n . 2n 2n +1n
a=  T2n + 1= a + 4n = + 4n = = n
2 −1
n
2 −1
n
2 −1
n
2 −1
n +1
a + 4n 2 n 2n
T3n + 1 = = n n = n
2n 2 (2 − 1) 2 −1

5. (5 to 7)
Let first term is 'a'
(5) a (1–r)2 = 36
 r can be 2, 3, 4, 7, –1, –2, –5
a 7 7 − 3a
(6) = r=  a can be 1, 2, 3, 4 and p can be 4, 1, –2, –5
1− r 3 7
(7) arn–1 (1–r)6 = arn–1 (1–r)2  (1–r)4 = 1 r=2