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HSB Paper 2 2022 Solutions

The document discusses several topics: 1. Platelets help with blood clotting and red blood cells transport oxygen without organelles to increase oxygen carrying capacity. 2. A high number of young people with herpes means it is more likely to spread due to their outgoing nature. Stigma can also occur leading to issues like discrimination. 3. Illness from STIs can reduce the labor force and household income if breadwinners cannot work, potentially burdening the economy.

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K' Ayana
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6K views

HSB Paper 2 2022 Solutions

The document discusses several topics: 1. Platelets help with blood clotting and red blood cells transport oxygen without organelles to increase oxygen carrying capacity. 2. A high number of young people with herpes means it is more likely to spread due to their outgoing nature. Stigma can also occur leading to issues like discrimination. 3. Illness from STIs can reduce the labor force and household income if breadwinners cannot work, potentially burdening the economy.

Uploaded by

K' Ayana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPERWIN

Platelet

Helps with blood clotting

Red blood cells

Function: Transports oxygen in the bloodstream to body cells.

Adaptations:

1. Biconcave (disc) shape, helps with rapid diffusion

2. Has haemoglobin to bind oxygen

3. Has no organelles to increase oxygen-carrying capacity


18 - 25
A high number of young people with herpes means that they are more

likely to spread the STI to members of the population since that age

group tends to be more outgoing and promiscuous.

Stigma may also occur, leading to discrimination and unemployment.

Females

If they become very ill from the STI, they would likely not be able to work,

contributing to reduced labour force. If the breadwinner of a family

is unable to work, that household will earn less income.

Businesses may lose revenue if their workers become ill. Money would

have to be spent on treatment and antibiotics, and vaccines to act as

preventative measures. This may create a burden on the State's economy.

Unusually high incidences of any disease may impact tourism revenue due to

stigma.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O ------> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Combustion
Bacteria or Fungi

Burning the trees releases the carbon from the plant material into the

atmosphere. It also results in lowered rates of photosynthesis, thus

keeping more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Global warming can result in increased atmospheric temperatures,

rise in sea levels, coastal erosion, flooding and diseases associated

with flooding (e.g. cholera, leptospirosis).

1. Carpooling / Switching to electric or hybrid vehicles / Public transport

2. Switching from incandescent bulbs to fluorescent or LEDs

3. Turning off lights or AC units when not in use.

4. Using solar energy instead of fossil fuels


The division of one parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

1. Two daughter cells are produced.

2. The daughter cells are identical.

3. One round of division occurs.

4. The chromosome number is maintained (diploid).


Sterilization, which is done by tying the Fallopian tubes (tubal ligation).

This makes it impossible for a sperm cell to come into contact with an

egg cell, and for fertilization to take place.


Withdrawal method. This has a high failure rate as it relies on the timing

of the male to withdraw his penis during copulation. However, ejaculation

can occur during that short period of time during intercourse. This is typically

done with no barrier (condom) in place, or any hormonal methods (birth

control pills).

Implants

Birth control pills need to be taken everyday for them to be effective. Some

women may not be taking them everyday.

They must be taken from the start of the menstrual cycle.


An epidemic is a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease.

A pandemic is a spread of an infectious disease over many countries or the

whole world.

Sleeping pills / alcohol / codeine

Narcotic / Opioid / Opiate


The number of students using cigarettes has decreased, but the number of

students vaping has increased


Social impact - Decreased academic or job performance can result from

a lack of focus. This would, in turn, lead to increased unemployment.

Economic impact - If the person becomes addicted to nicotine, they

would spend a significant portion of their income on cigarettes or vapes.

Tooth decay, due to bacteria secreting acids (or enzymes) on the tooth

enamel, especially if the person does not brush or floss regularly.

It is also likely that the build-up of bacteria beneath the gums would lead

to teeth eventually dislodging and falling out.

- Addiction

- Build-up of fluid in the lungs

- Build-up of scar tissue in lungs (popcorn lung)


Conversion of water to water vapour.

Water vapour cooling to form clouds in the atmosphere.

Water vapour returning to the land as water (rain).

Water leaching or being absorbed into the soils or rocks


The contamination of the environment due to improper disposal of

materials by humans.

Water pollution - From detergents that may flow from washing machines

into water supplies. This could lead to death of organisms in the water

as well as sickness in humans if they were to consume the water.

Noise pollution - From the sound of the airplanes taking off. This could lead to

disturbances in routines of the village people, as well as animals that may

live in the area.

Land pollution - From the accumulation of unsanitary garbage. This may

draw vectors such as flies and rats, which spread pathogens that cause

cholera and leptospirosis.


1. Using compost boxes.

2. Place screens in the pipes to prevent polluted water from flowing to the

rivers. Or build barriers or catchments close to the rivers.

3. Use earplugs while sleeping, to reduce impact of noise pollution.

4. Reuse waste materials to prevent accumulation of waste.

5. Recycle waste materials to prevent accumulation of waste.

6. Ensure that the garbage is kept in a safe space away

from vectors, before time of pickup.


A - Hypothalamus - Helps regulate body temperature.

B - Cerebellum - Helps with coordination and movement.


Spinal reflex - Touching a stove and immediately pulling hand away.

Cranial reflex - Blinking.

For him to move, electrical impulses must pass from his brain (cerebrum)

to his relay neurones in his spinal cord to his motor

neurones, which would then be connected to muscles in his legs.

The muscles in his legs, which act as effectors, would require time to

re-build over time, as well as the motor neurones connected to it.

His cerebellum would allow him to remain stable while standing,

and coordinate his movements.

(He would slowly try to take a step each day until he can develop

a conditioned reflex to keep him stable while moving.)


Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter allows the

electrical impulse to be conducted across the small gap between the neurones

(called a synapse). It allows the electrical signal to pass through the gap

and to regulate the direction of the impulse.

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