Corruption has been defined in a simple way, broader way and also scientific way which

is defined by professor dr. petrus van duyne. But corruption is defined generally

generally as a basa sa slide.

These definitions can be found in our book page 129 if you want to read it thoroughly.

Pero para sayo, Ano ang pumapasok sa iyong isipan sa tuwing maririnig mo ang

salitang korapsyon? Marahil ilang beses mo nang narinig o nabasa ang salitang ito.

 Pag sinabing korapsyon, ito ay walang pinipiling lugar, mapapribado man o

mapapubliko. A corruption includes bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, kickbacks

and state capture. When we say bribery, it is the giving of money illegally or

tinatawag nating “suhol” para mainfluence and behavior ng isang tao.

Embezzlement on the other hand, it is when an employee or someone else

entrusted person or position steals from your business to use the money for their

own. (ito ay kawalan ng integridad at katapatan na isinasagawa ng isang tao o

organisasyong may hawak na kapangyarihan o awtoridad upang makakuha ng

pansariling benepisyo.) next is nepotism, it is the practice of giving jobs or

favorable treatment with friends and family members (“palakas-lakas”) o

pinaprayoridad na bigyan ng trabaho ang mga taong malapit sa kanya. Lastly,

the kickback and state capture. Kickback is a form of negotiated bribery (ito ay uri

ng negosasyong pagsuhol kung saan ang isang komisyon ay binabayaran sa

tagakuha ng suhol kapalit ng mga serbisyong ibinigay). The concept of state

capture refers to rulers favouring their own ethnic or regional groups rather than

the nation.
D. An ethical dilemma

Ang both payer kag recipient sang bribes or suhol, gusto nila nga i-sekreto ang ila nga

ginahimo (nga kung kis-a nagakasucceed man sila). So in that way, ang batasan nga

amo sina is hindi gd maayo of course. That is why, ang ethical dilemma is isa ka

problema nga pagpili sang tama kag mali.

Ex. 1. Ang owner sang isa ka business ay kailangang pumili between keeping costs

down to survive or supportahan ang other business nga dapat maging fair lang sa ila sa

costing.

2. walking away from toxic clients. Budlayan ka makahibalo kung ano ang tama nga

himuon kung nagahatag ba sila sang good income sa imo kompanya or may ara sila

nga kontrata nga gipirmahan.

Emphasizing the ‘sinfulness’ of corruption, aims at improving especially individual and

personal behavior. Poor entrepreneurship (in moral sense) should then be improved on

a personal basis. Good entrepreneurship is judged with regard to its quality in all three

aspects: People, Planet, and Profit. The qualification ‘poor’ is not a sign of sinfulness,

but a quality that signifies an adverse effect on all three aspects, not only on the

economics.

E. poverty alleviation

Ang paliwang na tumutukoy sa indibidwal na pagbawas ng kahirapan ay lalo na

ibinibigay ng mga may masigasig na mata para sa katiwalian sa mga mas mababang

kawani sa pagpapatakbo sa serbisyo ng gobyerno, mga teachers, military, police and

mga privilege nga halin sa ila nga mga desisyon nga pwede nila himuon.

Ex. Sa mga konduktor, in which if hindi ka mahatagan sang ticket and namasahe ka,

your fair will be considered as extra income for the konduktor. Dati if gabiyahe ko dili

nako gina mind nga wala koy ticket, little did I know amo gani na ang ilang diskarte para

maka extra income.

In additional, Investigations into the effect of the level of income enjoyed by a person,

however, provide sufficient proof that this explanation is not correct. Low pay does

surely not automatically imply that, consequently, the person concerned is corrupt.

Now let’s move on to the Philippine corruption report in public services. Basa sa slide.

Humigit kumulang kalahati sang mga executives sang Negosyo nagreport sa

pagpangayo sang suhol sa isa ka tao sa gobyerno satong 2017.

Also, ang mga civil servants ay madalas na wala sang resources or abilities para ma

fulfil ang ila nga task that is free from corruption and red tape. and, ang mga civil

servants are generally not recruited in a competitive manner; appointments are based

on a practice of patronage.

Another report is from land administration. Basa sa slide.

Mataas ang mga panganib sa katiwalian sa pangangasiwa ng lupa. Dalawa sa limang

mga kumpanya ang nag-uulat na umaasang magbibigay ng mga regalo kapag

kumukuha ng isang permit sa konstruksyon. Ang mga rights sa pag-aari ay formal ni

na ginasunod ang law. Also, damo pud man sang mga agencies ang responsible sa

land administration kaya ga overlapped na ang procedures for land valuation and title

registration, that has made the process costly.

Ang mga tala ng lupa ay hindi maayos na pinamamahalaan dahil sa kakulangan ng

mga bihasang tauhan at pondo. Hindi pinapayagan ang mga dayuhan na direktang

magmamay-ari ng lupa, ngunit maaari silang magpaupa ng lupa hanggang sa labing-

limang taon na may posibling isang beses na palugit na dalawamput limang tao.

Next corruption report is from the tax administration in the Philippines

Basa sa slide

May ara pud sang high risk of corruption when dealing with the tax administration.Ang

mga regulasyon sa buwis ay kabilang sa mga pinaka problemadong kadahilanan para

sa pagsasagawa ng Negosyo sa Pilipinas. Ang mga opisyal sa BIR ay pinaniniwalaang

madaling kapitan ng katiwalian at kilala sa pandaraya at pangingikil. One example for

this is Nakita sa isa ka case sa Bacolod in which ang isa ka official sa BIR kay

nadakpan nga nag extort or nangikil sang 125,000 persos from a one local company..

Kaya, it is indicated that businesses rate the BIR’s commitment to fighting corruption as

poor. But on a more positive note, there are signs that the BIR is pursuing more cases

of tax evasion.
Next, another way that can be adopted to prevent corruption is the declaration of conflict

of interest. This conflict of interest can happen kung ang personal interest or

relationships kay mauna before ang business interest, which is pwede nga mag lead to

corrupt activities such as giving or accepting bribes. But in order to safeguard business

interest, basa sa slide.. in that way, ang company is maka provide sang declaration

form for conflict of interest para sa mga employees and then magamit ang mga

information halin sato to take the most appropriate action.

Last measure suggested to prevent corruption is the convenient corruption reporting

system. The corruption reporting system is a key function to control corruption and

bribery risks, and can comprise a whistle-blowing policy or feedback channel where

staff can conveniently raise concerns and feel protected from being identified or

retaliated against.

May ara lang ko sang e share about whistle-blowing nga issue. Sa isa ka kdrama

entitiled dr romantic 2. may ara sang isa ka doctor didto nga known siya as a whistle

blower. Kay ang natabo is, one of his senior doctors have received bribes and have

done an abused on medical procedures. Kaya, sang nabal.an nya toh, iya dayun gin

expose without anonymousity ang iya nga senior doctor. tapos kay di man anonymous

iyang pag expose, na known siya as whistle blower and that is one of the main reasons

wala siya na protect and so nabudlayan siya mangita sang jobs in the main hospitals

despite being talented. Because he was seen as a man with no sense of loyalty for

having outed his senior who has taken bribes among other violations of rules. kaya for

that example, I think convenient corruption reporting system should be provided para
makasubmit sang anonymous complaints via published email address or a phone

number and so issues can be raised without fear of being named or getting revenge on.

So last is about the vigilance of civil society. Basa sa slide first paragraph. Ang CSO o

ang civil society organization ay nagtatamasa ng isang mataas na antas ng kapital sa

lipunan. Ang mga CSO ay karaniwang hindi kasama sa pormal na paggawa ng

desisyon, ngunit Malaki ang papel na ginagampanan nila sa pagpapasimula ng batas at

debate sa kongreso. it is said that constitutions guarantees freedoms of speech and of

expression, but in practice, these freedoms are not consistently upheld. Basa sa slide

second paragraph. pero ang estado ay hindi direktang responsible para sa karahasan,

kung saan maaaring isisi sa mga local at criminal at ang kahinaan ng mga awtoridad.

The existence of libel and defamation laws o mga batas sa paninirang uri Basa sa slide

last paragraph. kay diba ang mga media they frequently report on high level corruption

cases. Pero may ara pud iban high-level officails nga ginagamit nila ang media through

giving bribes and incentives para mangdaot sa iban officials para pud maka create sang

one-sided report para sa official’s benefit.

Internet access is widely available, but there are concerns about the government trying

to install some degree of censorship. That is why, the Philippine press is also classified

as ‘partly free’. additional lang, specially now that there is an upcoming election, ang

media is active na kayo mag post ug informations about sa mga candidates. But we

really need to identity information that are legit and does not provide fake news.
I think that is the end of our report, I hope you understood our discussion and that we

have met our objectives. Thank you and god bless us all.