Course : Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab.

A Mini Project Report on

LPG Leakage Detection And Safety System
Submitted By
Navaneeth Sharma 4NM18EC103
Navya 4NM18EC104
Navya M 4NM18EC105
Neelesh B. Shetty 4NM18EC106

Under the guidance of

Mr. Dileep Kumar M J

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

N.M.A.M. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE - 574110
2020– 2021
I. ABSTRACT

It’s a known fact that LPG leakage during domestic usage is a disaster, especially when we
switch on any electric switch or appliances because it may produce a spark which causes
sudden loud explosion of the gas filled room. This project detects the leakage of gas in closed
environment using sensors. Once the gas leakage is detected, depending on the level of gas
immediately the wireless system will send an alarm message and trip off the power supply so
as to avoid explosion. The proposed wireless gas leakage system is composed of two major
modules: the gas leakage detection and transmission module, and the receiving and safety
module. The gas leakage detection and transmission module detect the change in concentration
of LPG and natural gas and transmits the information when it exceeds certain threshold. The
receiver module receives the data from transmitter and sends an alarm message and turnoffs an
AC supply.

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II. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

a. To detect the presense of LPG in the atmosphere using gas sensor

b. Data transmission using RF transmitter and reciever module

c. Display text on LCD based on the data received

d. Control the bulb and buzzer based on the data received

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III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1:Block diagram of LPG Leakage Detection System

The above block diagram consists Gas Sensor, RF transmitter and reciever, 8051
Microcontroller, an LCD, relay and buzzer represents the LPG Leakage Detection And Safety
System.The gas sensor is used to detect the presense of LPG gas in the atmosphere and sends
the data to RF transmitter .The transmission takes place wirelessly and the data is received by
RF reciever .The received data acts as an input to 8051 microcontroller.LCD,relay and buzzer
functions depending on the input received by microcontroller .

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IV. METHODOLOGY

a. To detect the presense of LPG in the atmosphere using gas sensor

MQ-2 gas sensor module is the input to the system .It is used to detect the LPG present in
the atmosphere.

When the sensor detects the presence of LPG digital pin will turn low (0V) else will remain
high (5V). The Sensitivity of Digital pin can be varied using the potentiometer. The digital
output of the gas sensor is given to the data pin of RF transmitter. Figure 2 shows connection
between gas sensor module and RF transmitter.

Figure 2:Connection of GAS sensor to RF transmitter

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b. Data transmission using RF transmitter and reciever module

RF module is used to transmit and receive the data. RF signals travel in the
transmitter and receiver even when there is an obstruction. It operates at a specific
frequency of 433MHz. Module will at least provide a range about 60meters. RF
transmitter receives serial data and transmits to the receiver through an antenna.

When gas is not detected by gas sensor its digital pin (Dout) will remain high, data
pin of transmitter is set high which makes the receiver data pin high. When the gas
is detected digital pin of the gas sensor will turn low, which sets the data pin of the
transmitter low which makes the receiver data pin low.

RF receiver pin is given as an input to port P2.5 of 8051 microcontroller.

c.Display text on LCD based on the data received

The 16x2 LCD is used to indicate the gas leakage.

The data pins of the LCD is connected to ports P0.0 to P0.7, the functioning pins are connected
to the ports P1.5 to P1.7 of the 8051 microcontroller.

Initial conditions used to setup LCD: 3Ch, 0Eh, 06h, 01h

command : rs-0, rw-0, E- high to low

diplay: rs-1, rw-0, E- high to low

LCD will display the following messages:

" GAS LEAKAGE DETECTED ” // When gas is detected, receiver’s data pin is low(P2.5 is low)

“ NO LEAKAGE DETECTED " // When no gas is detected,receiver’s data pin is high(P2.5 is high)

Interfacing of LCD is shown in figure 3

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The figure given below shows the circuit connections to different ports of 8051 microcontroller

Figure 3:Circuit connections to different ports of 8051 microcontroller

d. Control the bulb and buzzer based on the data received

The electrically operated relay is connected to port P3.3of the 8051 microcontroller.If there is
no gas leakage the bulb will be ON.When the gas leakage is detected i.e when the recieved data
at RF reciever data pin is low the bulb will turn OFF.

Buzzer which is used as an alarm to indicate the gas leakage is connected to port P3.2 Of 8051
microcontroller. Buzzer is activated when gas leakage is detected.

Interfacing Buzzer and Relay with 8051 Microcontroller is shown in Figure 3.

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V. Result

Discussion:

The Project LPG Leakage Detection and Safety system deals with the problem statement of
“Disasters caused due to LPG Leakage”. The safety system mainly deals with turning off the
main supply and to notify Leakage is happened, which is done through the relay and Buzzer
circuits. In addition to the buzzer, the LCD Display is implemented to indicate the Leakage.

Since the project contains RF module, the system can be deployed for large buildings. In order
to upgrade this system, the features like sending SMS to the mobile using GSM and GPRS
module and turning off the Gas Leakeage can be added.

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Code snippet:

ORG 000H

SETB P2.5

CLR A

MOV P3,A

CHECK: JNB P2.5, LED

JB P2.5,OFF

SJMP CHECK

LED: SETB P3.3

SETB P3.2

LCALL LCD1

HOLD: JNB P2.5,HOLD

SJMP CHECK

OFF: CLR P3.3

CLR P3.2

LCALL LCD2

HOLD1: JB P2.5,HOLD1

SJMP CHECK

LCD1:

LJMP START

MSG1: DB 'GAS LEAKAGE ',0FH

MSG2: DB 'DETECTED',0Fh

START: CLR A

MOV P0,A ;INITALISE THE PORT AS OUTPUT P0 IS DATA

LCALL INTI ;basic intialization of lcd, refer manual

MOV DPTR,#MSG1 ; MESSAGE POINTER

MOV A,#80H ; COMMAND FOR FIRST LINE

LCALL CMD

LCALL DISPCH2 ;display string

MOV A,#0C0H ; SECOND LINE

LCALL CMD

MOV DPTR,#MSG2

LCALL DISPCH2 ;display string

RET

LCD2: LJMP STARTT

MSG3: DB 'NO LEAKAGE ',0FH

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MSG4: DB 'DETECTED',0Fh

STARTT: CLR A

MOV P0,A ;INITALISE THE PORT AS OUTPUT P0 IS DATA

LCALL INTI ;basic intialization of lcd, refer manual

MOV DPTR,#MSG3 ; MESSAGE POINTER

MOV A,#80H ; COMMAND FOR FIRST LINE

LCALL CMD

LCALL DISPCH2 ;display string

MOV A,#0C0H ; SECOND LINE

LCALL CMD

MOV DPTR,#MSG4

LCALL DISPCH2 ;display string

RET

INTI: MOV A,#3CH ;refer manual for the bit meaning

LCALL CMD

MOV A,#3CH

LCALL CMD

MOV A,#3CH

LCALL CMD

MOV A,#0EH

LCALL CMD

MOV A,#06H

LCALL CMD

MOV A,#01

LCALL CMD

RET

CMD: LCALL READY

MOV P0,A

CLR P1.5 ; low on RS

CLR P1.6

SETB P1.7 ; high to low on En line

CLR P1.7

RET

DISP: LCALL READY

MOV P0, A

SETB P1.5 ; high RS

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CLR P1.6 ;; low RW

SETB P1.7 ; high to low En

CLR P1.7

RET

READY: CLR P1.7 ;read busy flag

MOV P0,#0FFH

CLR P1.5

SETB P1.6

WAIT: CLR P1.7

SETB P1.7

JB 87H,WAIT

RET

DISPCH2: NOP

UP11: CLR A

MOVC A,@A+DPTR ;use lookup table to get ascii character

CJNE A,#0FH,SKIP5

RET

SKIP5: INC DPTR

LCALL DISP

SJMP UP11

END

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