Worksheet General Physics 1

Week 2
Week 2 : Motion along a Straight Line
Distance, Displacement, Acceleration,
Velocity and Time Graph

Grade: 12
Subject: General Physics 1
Date of Delivery: ______________________
Date of Retrieval: _____________________
Subject Teacher/s:

AIZA KRISTINA KUMAR-MERCADO

Teacher II

Checked & Validated by:

RENATO J. BERNARDEZ
MT II, SHS Coordinator

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General Physics 1 Week 1
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Physics is what we are experiencing in our daily life. We may not know nor
notice but it is.
Simple wind, throwing of paper to your classmate, walking, running, driving –
all of these were physics.
In this lesson, we will deepen our understanding through what is happening to
our surroundings.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

At the end of the module, you should be able to:
• convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform
acceleration in one dimension into a mathematical description
• interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs.
time and acceleration vs. time curves.
• Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time
and velocity vs. time curves.
• recognize whether or not a physical situation involves constant velocity or
constant acceleration
• interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs.
time and acceleration vs. time curves;
• solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional uniformly
accelerated motion.
• use the fact that the magnitude of acceleration due to gravity on the Earth’s
surface is nearly constant and approximately 9.8 m/s2 in free- fall problems;
and
• derive the equation to be used to solve the given 1D uniform Acceleration
problems..

WHAT’S IN
Pre-Test
Choose the letter of your best answer. Write or encode your answer in
your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is ACCELERATION?

a. 25m/s c. 63m/hr/s
b. 13mi/hr d. 125m2/s2
2. Acceleration is negative if speed is?
a. constant c. increasing
b. decreasing d. neither increasing nor decreasing
3. Which of the following is correct when the distance of an object covered is directly
proportional to time?
a. constant acceleration c. uniform acceleration
b. constant speed d. zero velocity
4. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0 m/s2. This
means the object ……
a. travels 2.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 2.0 m/s.

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General Physics 1 Week 1
c. is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
5. A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This track has
markers spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The
car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it passes marker 2. Where on the track was the
car when it was traveling at half this speed, that is at 70 km/h?

a. before marker 1
b. at marker 1
c. between marker 1 and marker 2
d. at marker 2

REVIEW
“Let’s wait for the apple to fall”

In the concept of physics, what do you think you need for the apple to fall?
1) Free fall?
-
-

2) With force?
-
-

WHAT’S NEW
Activity 1 : HISTORY!

Directions: Provide if what is being asked.

1. Who is the famous physicist and is know with the controversial falling of an apple.
2. Give some facts about him and provide what he has done regarding Physics.

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General Physics 1 Week 1
WHAT’S IN IT – Lesson 1 – Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Motion – continuous change of position with respect to a certain

frame of reference.

Distance and Displacement

- these two words have specific meanings that are necessary in quantifying speed
and velocity of a moving body.

Distance – total length of path traveled regardless of direction.

- a scalar quantity since it is not concerned with the direction of the motion.

𝑣𝑜 + 𝑣𝑓
d=(
2
)𝑡

Displacement – is a change in position, which has both magnitude and direction.

∆d = 𝑑2 − 𝑑1
where 𝑑1 is the initial point
𝑑2 is the final point
∆d is the change in displacement

Velocity – is defined as displacement of an object over time interval. An equation that

relates velocity, displacement, and time interval is:

Δ𝑑
v=
Δ𝑡

where:
v is the velocity
∆d is the change in displacement
∆t is the change in time

Sample problem:
1. What is the velocity of a sprinter who runs 100 m (North) in 12 seconds?
Δ𝑑 = 100 𝑚 (𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ)
Δ𝑡 = 12 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
v=?

Δ𝑑
v=
Δ𝑡
100 𝑚 (𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ)
=
12 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

v = 8.3m/s(North)

Consider on object moving in constant velocity in a straight path with a particular

direction. When both velocity and direction remain the same, we say the velocity is constant.
Such motion is called Uniform Motion.

Acceleration

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General Physics 1 Week 1
Race car drivers and other sports that involve motion use the term
acceleration, which means an increase an increase in velocity. A car that increases its
velocity is accelerating. Physics use a boarder definition of acceleration; w/c is the variation
of velocity over the interval of time. The amount of velocity change is expressed as:

𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
acceleration =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

∆𝑣 𝑣2 −𝑣1
a= =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡

where:
a is the resulting acceleration
𝑣1 is the starting velocity/initial velocity
𝑣2 is the ending velocity/final velocity
∆𝑡 is the change in time

This equation will be used in the following sample problems. Take note that the unit
of measurement of acceleration is meters over the square of the second or m/s2.

Sample problem:

1. A sports car accelerates with a constant rate from 40km/h to 90km/h East(E) in 5.0
seconds. Determine the acceleration.
𝑣2 −𝑣1
a=
∆𝑡

90 𝑘𝑚/ℎ – 40𝑘𝑚/ℎ
= 5.0𝑠 (1ℎ/3,600𝑠)

50𝑘𝑚/ℎ
= 0.0114ℎ

a = 4,386km/h2 East

2. A softball player sprinting at 8.0m/s West slides into the 3rd base and coming to rest in
1.6s. What is the player’s average acceleration?

𝑣2 −𝑣1
a=
∆𝑡

0−8𝑚/𝑠
=
1.6𝑠

−8𝑚/𝑠
=
1.6𝑠

a = -5.0m/s2 West
**This example shows that when an object slows down, its acceleration is in the
opposite direction and is called deceleration.

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General Physics 1 Week 1
Velocity in One-Dimensional Kinematics
If you apply a limit as Δt approaches 0, you obtain an instantaneous velocity at a
specific point in the path.

Video 1.1 Velocity in One-Dimensional Kinematics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Po7li9JbEsQ

Acceleration in One-Dimensional Kinematics

Again, we can apply a limit as Δt approaches 0 to obtain an instantaneous
acceleration at a specific point in the path.

Video 1.2 Acceleration in One-Dimensional Kinematics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0UYC8S4kUI&t=31s

Lesson 2 – Contact Velocity / Constant Acceleration

Constant Velocity

Motion with constant velocity is one of the simplest forms of motion. This type of
motion occurs when an object is moving (or sliding) in the presence of little or negligible
friction, similar to that of a hockey puck sliding across the ice. To have a constant velocity,
an object must have a constant speed in a constant direction. Constant direction constrains
the object to motion to a straight path.

Constant acceleration

We are all familiar with the fact that a car speeds up when we put our foot down on
the accelerator. The rate of change of the velocity of a particle with respect to time is called
its acceleration. If the velocity of the particle changes at a constant rate, then this rate is
called the constant acceleration.

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General Physics 1 Week 1
Since we are using meters and seconds as our basic units, we will measure
acceleration in meters per second per second. This will be abbreviated as m/s2. It is also
commonly abbreviated as m/s2.
For example,
if the velocity of a particle moving in a straight-line change uniformly (at a constant
rate of change) from 2 m/s to 5 m/s over one second, then its constant acceleration is 3
m/s2.

Video 2.1 Constant Velocity vs Constant Acceleration

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6EMIHTr3uE

Lesson 3 – Motion Graphs

What does the area represent on velocity graph?
The area under a velocity graph represents the displacement of the object. To see
why, consider the following graph of motion that shows an object maintaining a constant
velocity of 6 meters per second for a time of 5 seconds.

V (m/s) Figure 1.1

To find the
displacement during this time interval, we could use this formula
𝒎
∆𝒙 = 𝒗 ∆𝒕 = (𝟔 𝒔 ) (𝟓 𝒔) = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎

which gives a displacement of 30 m.

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General Physics 1 Week 1
Now we're going to show that this was equivalent to finding the area under the curve.
Consider the rectangle of area made by the graph as seen above.

Figure 1.2

The area of this rectangle can be found by multiplying height of the rectangle, 6 m/s,
times its width, 5 s, which would give

area = height x width = 6 m/s x 5 s = 30 m

This is the same answer we got before for the displacement. The area under a velocity
curve, regardless of the shape, will equal the displacement during that time interval.

area under curve = displacement

Video 3.1 Velocity vs Time Graph (DISPLACEMENT)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dmc-qefBmN4

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General Physics 1 Week 1
What does the area represent on an acceleration graph?

The area under an acceleration graph represents the change in velocity. In other
words, the area under the acceleration graph for a certain time interval is equal to the change
in velocity during that time interval.

area = V

It might be easiest to see why this is the case by considering the example graph below
which shows a constant acceleration of 4 m/s2 for a time of 9s.

Figure 2.1

∆𝑉
If we multiply both sides of the definition of acceleration, a = ∆𝑡
by the change in time
t, we get V = a t.

Plugging in the acceleration 4 m/s2 and the interval 9s we can find the change in
velocity:

V = a t = (4 m/s2) (9 s)

V = 36 m/s

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General Physics 1 Week 1
Figure 2.2

The area can be found by multiplying height times width. The height of this rectangle
is a = 4 m/s2, and the width is 9s. So, finding the area also gives you the change in velocity.

a = 4 m/s2 x 9 s

a = 36 m/s

The area under any acceleration graph for a certain time interval gives the change in
velocity for that time interval.

Finding the displacement of

the go-kart between t=0 and t=7s.

We can find the displacement

of the go-kart by finding the area
under the velocity graph. The graph
can be thought of as being a
rectangle (between t = 0s and t = 3s)
and a triangle (between t = 3s and t =
7s). Once we find the area of these
shapes and add them, we will get the
total displacement.

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General Physics 1 Week 1
The area of the rectangle is found by
area = h x w = 6 m/s x 3 s = 18 m
The area of the triangle is found by
𝟏 𝟏
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 = bh = (4 s) (6 m/s) = 12 m
𝟐 𝟐
Adding these two areas together give the total displacement.
total area = 18 m + 12 m = 30 m
total displacement = 30m

Video 3.2 Position, Velocity and Acceleration

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dCrkp8qgLU

Lesson 4 – One-Dimensional Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Let’s Identify!
Example 1
What is the acceleration of a car that is slowing down? Suppose the car 30 km/h
slows down until it finally stops after 3 seconds. What is the acceleration?

6s 7s 8s 9s
Car Car Car Car
𝑣1 = 30𝑘𝑚/ℎ 𝑣2 = 20𝑘𝑚/ℎ 𝑣3 = 10𝑘𝑚/ℎ 𝑣4 = 0𝑘𝑚/ℎ

Figure 1.1 – A decelerating car

𝑘𝑚
Given: 𝑣𝑜 = 30 Where: 𝑣𝑜 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
ℎ
𝑡𝑜 = 6𝑠
𝑣𝑓 = 0 (𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑑)
𝑡𝑓 = 9𝑠 𝑣𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

Find: a 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

∆𝑣 𝑣𝑜 −𝑣𝑖
Solution: a= =
∆𝑡 𝑡𝑜 −𝑡𝑖 𝑡𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
0 – 30 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
a=
9𝑠−6𝑠
a = -10 km/h/s a is acceleration

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General Physics 1 Week 1
If you wish to express acceleration in smallest units, then km/h/s can be changed to
2
m/s . Use the conversion factors.
1 km = 1,000 m
1 h = 3,600 s
−10 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 1,000 𝑚 1ℎ
a= x x
𝑠 1 𝑘𝑚 3,600 𝑠
𝑚/𝑠
= -2.78 or -2.78 m/s2
𝑠
** the negative sign indicates that velocity is decreasing. The velocity decreases by
10 km/h each second (or 2.78 m/s each second).
** the unit of acceleration consists of the units of velocity and time.

Let’s Derive!!

In deriving formulas, we do apply what we have learned in mathematics (Algebra).

Example: We want to find for distance (d) and we have only the

𝑑
s=
𝑡 formula of speed.

Where s is speed
d is distance
𝑑
t is time s=
𝑡

Rule: Whatever you do on the other side of the equation, do it as well at the other
𝑑
side of it. s (t) = (t)
𝑡

Formula Table
st = d or d = st
For uniformly accelerated motion along a straight

horizontal path:
Average Speed

𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑑
𝑣̅𝑠 =
𝑡

𝑑 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 1/2𝑔𝑡 2
Average Velocity
Example Problem:

A ball 𝑑
𝐯̅ = is thrown upward at 25 m/s from the ground.
𝑡What is the ball’s velocity after 4 seconds?
𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑎𝑑
The final velocity is Vfy – Viy = ay t
Average Acceleration

𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 12
𝑎̅ = General Physics 1 Week 1
∆𝑡
Vfy = Viy + ay t
Vfy = 25 m/s + (-9.9 m/s2) (4s)
Vfy = -14.2 m/s

Lesson 5 – Free Fall Problems

There are two Theories of Motion and these theories were from Aristotle and Galileo.
Let’s just differentiate the two:

Aristotle Galileo
1) Heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. 1) Speed of a falling object is proportional to its
2) Speed is being proportional to the weight. density and not weight/mass.
- Double the weight, double the 2) Objects have the same acceleration.
speed. 3) With air resistance.

For a better understanding, check out this

video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyeF-_QPSbk

**This video is taken from youtube – Gravity Experiment by Brain Cox (to prove
Galileo’s View – air resistance.)

These motions are what we call, Free Fall. What is Free Fall Motion?

The motion of falling objects is the simplest and most common example of motion
with changing velocity. Free fall is the motion of a body where its weight is the only force
acting on an object.
- objects are falling under the influence of Gravity – pulling force of the earth.

Acceleration due to gravity is constant = 9.8 m/s2 (980 cm/s2)

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General Physics 1 Week 1
How does density affect the motion of a falling object?
- Speed of a falling object is proportional to its density and not
weight /mass.
Density – mass per unit volume

Equations

The best way to see the basic features of motion involving gravity is to start by
considering straight up and down motion with no air resistance or friction. This means that if
the object is dropped, we know the initial velocity is zero. Once the object is in motion, the
object is in free-fall. Under these circumstances, the motion is one-dimensional and has
constant acceleration, gg. The kinematic equations for objects experiencing free fall are:

𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑔𝑡

𝑑 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 1/2𝑔𝑡 2
𝑦𝑓 = 𝑦𝑜 + 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 1/2𝑔𝑡 2

𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑔𝑑
𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑔(𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑜 )

Where V = velocity,
g = gravity,
t = time
d = distance (y = vertical displacement)

Example:
A ball is dropped from rest by a little boy from the window of a three-story apartment.
How far has it fallen after 1 second? What is the ball’s velocity after 1 second of fall? How far
does the ball fall during the 2nd second?

Given : freely falling ball

𝑣𝑜 = 0
Find:
a. 𝑑1 after 1 second
b. 𝑣𝑓 after 1 second
c. 𝑑2 during the 2nd second
Solution:
a. 𝑑1 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 1/2𝑔𝑡 2

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General Physics 1 Week 1
(−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(1𝑠)2
=0+
2
= −4.9 𝑚
= 4.9 𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛

b. 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑔𝑡
= 0 + (−9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 )(1𝑠)
= −9.8 𝑚/𝑠
= 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑

c. 𝑑2 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 1/2𝑔𝑡 2
(−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(1𝑠)2
= −9.8 𝑚/𝑠(1𝑠) +
2
𝑚
= −9.8 + (−4.9 𝑚)
𝑠
= −14.7 𝑚
= 14.7 𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛

WHAT’S MORE
Let’s Practice

Perform the following as directed. Write/Encode your

answers in your Answer Sheets.
A. Lesson 1
Complete the table below – let’s define and differentiate
(you can write formulas as well).

Acceleration Deceleration

Velocity Speed

Displacement Distance

B. Lesson 2

Classify the physical situation as constant velocity or constant acceleration:

1. Riding a Ferris Wheel

2. Freely falling object

3. Shooting a ball in a ring

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General Physics 1 Week 1
4. Rowing a boat

5. Driving in a curve road

C. Lesson 3
Solve the problem below using your answer sheet.

A sailboat is sailing in a straight line with a velocity of 12 m/s. Then at time t=0\text{
s}t=0 st, equals, 0, start text, space, s, end text, a stiff wind blows causing the
sailboat to accelerate as seen in the diagram below.
What is the velocity of the sailboat after the wind has blown for 9 seconds?

D. Lesson 4
Find the equation for acceleration from the equation 𝑑 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 1/2𝑎𝑡 2 . Write your
answer in your answer sheet.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

In this module, identify the similarities and differences of the given terms and
concepts.

Term Similarities Differences

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WHAT CAN I DO
In what aspects of our daily lives do we apply what we have learned in this module?
Write at least 2 and explain.
1.
2.

POST ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of your best answer. Write or encode

your answer in your answer sheet.
1. Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity over
change in time.
a. True c. maybe
b. False d.

2. Acceleration is expressed as :
𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖
a. 𝑎 = c. none of the above
∆𝑡
∆𝑣
b. 𝑎 = ∆𝑡
d. both

3. The slope of the velocity-time graph is .

a. velocity c. distance
b. acceleration d. displacement

4. The displacement if the . under the velocity-time graph.

a. area c. slope
b. volume d. vector
5. Enumerate the equations of motion with uniform acceleration. (6 points)
a.

b.

c.

6. Solve and write your step by step solution. (20 points)

Cary threw a ball upward with an initial velocity of 2000 cm/s and was able to
catch it before it reached the ground on its return.
a. What was its velocity after 1 second?
b. What was its displacement in the 1st second?
c. How long did it take the ball to reach its maximum height?
d. How far was the maximum height from the starting point?
e. What was its final velocity just before it touched Cary’s hand?

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General Physics 1 Week 1