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Machine Learning

The document discusses several machine learning algorithms: 1) Decision tree algorithms: NASA wants to discriminate between Martians and humans using characteristics like color, legs, height, and smell. The document asks to build decision trees and rules to classify examples. 2) K-means clustering: The document asks to cluster 4 points using K-means and discusses a modified k-NN method. 3) Naive Bayes: The document discusses Naive Bayes classification but provides no examples. 4) Regression: The document discusses regression tasks like predicting age, prices, and sales data. Linear regression is used to model a sales example. 5) Neural networks: The document discusses designing neural networks like a two-layer perceptron

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1K views

Machine Learning

The document discusses several machine learning algorithms: 1) Decision tree algorithms: NASA wants to discriminate between Martians and humans using characteristics like color, legs, height, and smell. The document asks to build decision trees and rules to classify examples. 2) K-means clustering: The document asks to cluster 4 points using K-means and discusses a modified k-NN method. 3) Naive Bayes: The document discusses Naive Bayes classification but provides no examples. 4) Regression: The document discusses regression tasks like predicting age, prices, and sales data. Linear regression is used to model a sales example. 5) Neural networks: The document discusses designing neural networks like a two-layer perceptron

Uploaded by

Abinaya87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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● Decision Tree Algorithm:

1.NASA wants to be able to discriminate between Martians (M)


and Humans (H) based on
the following characteristics: Green ∈{N, Y} , Legs ∈{2,3} ,
Height ∈{S, T}, Smelly
∈{N, Y}
Our available training data is as follows:

a)Greedily learn a decision tree using the ID3 algorithm and draw
the tree.
b) (i) Write the learned concept for Martian as a set of conjunctive
rules (e.g., if
(green=Y and legs=2 and height=T and smelly=N), then Martian;
else if ... then Martian;...; else Human).
(ii) The solution of part
b)i) above uses up to 4 attributes in each conjunction. Find a set of
conjunctive rules using only 2 attributes per conjunction that still
results in zero error in the training set. Can this simpler hypothesis
be repres
ented by a decision tree of depth 2? Justify.

2.

3.Give decision trees to represent the following bool


ean functions:
(a) A ˄̃B
(b) A V [B ˄C]
(c) A XOR B
(d) [A ˄B] v [C˄D]
● K-MEANS:

1.Summarize K-means algorithm and group the points


(1,0,1),(1,1,0),(0,0,1) and(1,1,1)using K-means algorithm.

2.Consider a modified k-NN method in which once the k nearest


neighbours to the query point are identified, you do a linear
regression fit on them and output the fitted value for the query
point. Which of the following is/are true regarding this method.
(a) This method makes an assumption that the data is locally
linear.
(b) In order to perform well, this method would need dense
distributed training data.
(c) This method has higher bias compared to K-NN
(d) This method has higher variance compared to K-NN

● Naive Bayes:
1)

2)
● REGRESSION:

1. Which ONE of the following are regression tasks?


A) Predict the age of a person
B) Predict the country from where the person comes from
C) Predict whether the price of petroleum will increase tomorrow
D) Predict whether a document is related to science

2.
3.
The sales of a company (in million dollars) for each year are
shown in the table below.
x (year) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
y (sales) 12 19 29 37 45

a) Find the least square regression line y = a x + b.


b) Use the least squares regression line as a model to estimate the
sales of the company in 2012.
● NEURAL NETWORKS:

1.

3.
4.Design a two layer network of perceptron to implement XOR
and AND gates.

● SVM:

1.

● PCA:

1.Determine the Principal Components for the given


2-Dimensional dataset. (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)

● Q-Learning:

1.Develop a Q learning task for recommendation system of an


online shopping website. What will be the environment of the
system? Write the cost function and value function for the system

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