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Parenting 4G/5G

Release number v3.0

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1. Introduction

This document describes how to use the function "Subscriber/Parenting/Parenting 4G/5G…" that
performs a subscriber parenting with GoS calculations according to the scheduler selected.

Parenting 4G/5G window

ATDI tools have introduced a traffic calculation method based on the Schedulers which allows to
determinate what is the best algorithm to apply according to a given traffic scenario:

• Max SNIR;
• Round Robin (RR);
• Proportional Fair (PF).

These algorithms, as well as the rest of the options in this feature, are explained in this document.

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2. Prerequisites

Before running this function, some prerequisites are needed:

• Base stations on the map must have a correct Downlink and Uplink bit rate (capacity) set;
• Base station threshold must be set (Coverage and receiving thresholds);
• Selected subscribers must have a correct antenna height set, appropriate threshold
( ) and correct Downlink and Uplink traffic demand.

The parenting will be done taking into account the throughput available for each subscriber, that will
be computed based on the SNIR required, following the attenuated and truncated form of the Shannon
bound (3GPP TR 36.942, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF)
system scenarios”, http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36942.htm).

: Click on this button to access the following box and define

the parameters for the attenuated and truncated form of the Shannon bound:

S(SNIR) = Shannon bound, which represents the maximum theoretical throughput that
can be achieved over an AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel with a given
SNR.

a = attenuation factor of the Shannon bound (implementation losses).

NOTES:

▪ S(SNIR) = log base 2 (1 + SNIR) bps/Hz.

▪ If the number of layers is set "from station parameters" (0), the number of
layers will be extracted from each base station Tx arrays.
▪ The number of layers can be set in the station parameters (for MIMO
antennas) in the "Patterns" tab and works as follows:
- Example 1:
Number of Tx/Rx arrays = 4
Number of MIMO Layers = 1
Number of antennas per MIMO Layer = 4/1 = 4
MIMO Gain = 10*log(4) = 6dB
- Example 2:
Number of Tx/Rx arrays = 4

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Number of MIMO Layers = 2
Number of antennas per MIMO Layer = 4/2 = 2
MIMO Gain = 10*log(2) = 3dB
- Example 3:
Number of Tx/Rx arrays = 64 (5G)
Number of MIMO Layers = 8
Number of antennas per MIMO Layer = 64/8 = 8
MIMO Gain = 10*log(8) = 9dB

▪ Click on the button to access the recommended parameters for different

technologies:

3. Calculation parameters

1. Parameters area:

• RSRQ required (dB): Minimum value required for RSRQ in dB.

• SNIR x/PDSCH required (dB): Minimum value required for SNIR for the PDSCH in dB.

• The "ICIC enhancement" value will reduce the interfering level with the corresponding
value set (in case Inter-Cell Interference Coordination is used in the network).

• Threshold: the following thresholds are considered:

o Downlink: RSRP threshold for Reference signal (click on the button to modify
the RSRP threshold) and subscriber receiving threshold ( ) for RSSI.
o Uplink: Base station Rx threshold.

• : Calculations will be limited to the maximum distance set by

the user.

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• Activity factor weighting [IRF-10.log(activity)]: The activity factor defined for the
interfering stations is taken into account ("activity factor" in the station parameters) in
order to increase the corresponding IRF value.

• : Access to the Interference restriction parameters (Interference

restriction.pdf, http://www.data.atdi-group.com/doc/141.pdf).

• : Access to the station list.

• : Loads a .PRM parameter file containing the IRF factors and calculation
parameters previously defined and saved using the Save control.

• : Saves the calculation parameters in a .PRM file.

• : Access to Subscriber database. For further information, please refer

to the Working with the internal Database document (http://www.data.atdi-
group.com/doc/8.pdf).

2. IRF mask (dB) area: Define the Interference Rejection Factors to be used for interference
calculations. For further information, please refer to the Interference Rejection Factors
document (http://www.data.atdi-group.com/doc/134.pdf).

3. Schedulers area. There are three schedulers available:

• Max_SNIR: The Priority is given to the current user has the greatest signal to noise ratio
(SNR). Max SNIR method allocates the radio resource constantly to the user who has the
best spectral efficiency and therefore that will provide the best throughput on each UE.
However, a negative effect of this allocation is that users close to the e-nodeB always
have a disproportionate priority on users further away. When the network is congested,
it is also common for mobile located on the cell edge to not have access to all radio
resources. With Max SNIR method, it is impossible to guarantee quality of service even
minimal since it is exclusively or almost exclusively dependent on the relative location
of the mobile. In addition, the Max SNIR has another disadvantage: it does not take into
account users' needs when assigning priorities.

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• Round Robin (RR): This method (also called “Rodin Robin”) will allocate the same
amount of RB to users. However, the rate actually received will depend on the radio
conditions (SNIR, priority bearers). This method does not take into account the needs of
users in terms of desired flow or maximum delay of packets. Users are then assigned a
rate that is unrelated to their needs. Round Robin does not take into account the
location, capabilities and needs of each user. It allocates the same amount of resource
units to all mobiles without any possibility of differentiating services and thus ensure
any quality of service.

• Proportional Fair (PF): This algorithm is considered as the most appropriate in terms of
simplicity and performance. It consists of allocating RB iteratively so that the overall
throughput provided to each user increases gradually in the same way. When a user has
received what was requested, no more RB is assigned and the process goes on with
other users. The algorithm stops when all users are satisfied or all RB have been
distributed. UEs get equal flow rates. At the end, the users with low demand are always
advantaged because their desired flow is almost always provided; they are often fully
satisfied. In contrast with the other users who require more resources (note that in the
case where all users have the same needs, scheduler "Round Robin" is equivalent to
“Proportional Fair”).

4. MIMO adaptive switching modes (AAS) area: In case Adaptive Switching modes are used in the
network, this is where to define the available modes (check the corresponding box):

The best SNIR found among all possible modes will be considered at the end.

Note: eNB/gNB antennas must be set to (in the "Patterns" tab) to use adaptive
switching mode.

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5. Sample reports

Using the Proportional Fair (PF) scheduler, and SU-MIMO-SD mode used in the base stations:

BST#: Base station number.

Callsign: Base station callsign.
RB/slot: Total number of Resources Blocks available in 1 time slot on the PDSCH channel.
Offered RB: Number of Resources Blocks allocated to the subscribers connected to the base station.
This number depends on the throughput available per RB (that depends on the SNIR PDSCH) and the
total demand of the subscriber.
Connected: Number of subscribers connected to the base station.
Offered (kbps): Offered traffic corresponding to the number of RB allocated to the subscriber
multiplied by the throughput available per RB (that depends on the SNIR PDSCH).
QoS (pc): LTE traffic Quality of Service for each subscriber. This the ratio between the Offered traffic
and the traffic demand of the subscriber.

Example:
- Traffic demand of the subscriber = 100000kbps.
- Throughput per RB for the SNIR achieved = 120kbps.
- Number of allocated RB = 3.
- Offered traffic = 3*120=360kbps.
- QOS = 360/250 = 144%.

QOS network (pc): Average network QoS in percent.

Connected vs Connectable: Connected subscribers are those finally connected. Connectable
subscribers are those receiving a RSRP signal value above minimum required threshold.
The "List" button will generate a CSV report containing further information about traffic and control
channels received by each subscriber, interference and throughput. This report is made of different
tables.

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Part 1: Connections.

With:
Subscriber: Subscriber address.
BST #: Parent base station number.
Callsign: Parent base station callsign.
Wanted power (dBm): Power received from the parent base station considering the full power in
dBm.
RSSI (dBm): Power received from the parent base station considering the traffic signal in dBm.
RS (dBm): Power received from the parent base station on the Reference Signal in dBm.
RSRP (dBm): RSRP received from parent base station in dBm.
PUSCH (dBm): Power received from the subscriber by the parent base station in dBm.
RSRQ (dB): RSRQ value received by the susbcriber in dB.
SNIR PDSCH STD (dB): SNIR value received on the PDSCH channel according the MIMO configuration
in dB.
GAIN SNIR (dB): MIMO gain in dB.
SNIR PDCCH (dB): SNIR value received on the PDCCH channel in dB.
SNIR PBCH (dB): SNIR value received on the PBCH channel in dB.
Throughput_RB: Throughput per RB in kpbs. Depends on the attenuated and truncated form of the
Shannon bound.
Antenna_mode: MIMO antenna mode.

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Part 2: Connectable/Total.

Total connectable Total

174 181

With:
Total connectable: Number of subscribers receiving a RSRP signal value above minimum required
threshold.
Total: Total number of subscriber in the database.

Part 3: Parenting - Scheduler.

With:
Subscriber: Subscriber address.
BST #: Parent base station number.
Callsign: Parent base station callsign.
Throughput per RB (kbps): Throughput per RB in kpbs. Depends on the attenuated and truncated
form of the Shannon bound.
RB allocated: Number of Resources Blocks allocated to the subscriber. This number depends on the
throughput available per RB (that depends on the SNIR PDSCH) and the total demand of the
subscriber.
Demand (kbps): Total demand of the subscriber in Downlink in kbps.
Offered (kbps): Offered traffic corresponding to the number of RB allocated to the subscriber
multiplied by the throughput available per RB (that depends on the SNIR PDSCH) in kbps.
QoS (pc): LTE traffic Quality of Service. This the ratio between the Offered traffic and the Traffic
demand of the subscriber.

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Part 4: Network.

With:
BST #: Parent base station number.
Callsign: Parent base station callsign.
Total RB/slot: Total number of Resources Blocks available in 1 time slot on the PDSCH channel.
RB allocated: Total number of Resources Blocks allocated to the subscribers.
Demand (kbps): Total demand of the subscribers connected to the base station in Downlink in kbps.
Offered (kbps): Total traffic offered corresponding to the number of RB allocated to each subscriber
connected to the base station multiplied by the throughput available per RB (that depends on the
SNIR PDSCH) in kbps.
Connections: Number of subscribers connected to the base station.
QoS (pc): Average LTE traffic Quality of Service. This the ratio between the Total traffic offered and
the Total traffic demand of the subscribers connected to the base station.

Part 5: QOS.

QoS network (pc) Connected Connectable

100.11 82 82

With:
QoS network (pc): Average network QoS in percent.
Connected: Number of subscribers are those finally connected.
Connectable: Number of subscribers receiving a RSRP signal value above minimum required
threshold.

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