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ECED 4310 Tutorial: Plane Electromagnetic Waves Problem 1: Solution

1) A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a nonmagnetic medium with a magnetic field of 25 sin(2 × 108 t + 6x)ay mA/m. The wave propagates in the negative x-direction and the medium has a relative permittivity of 81 times the permittivity of free space. The corresponding electric field is -25/3 sin(2 × 108 t + 6x) V/m. 2) A plane wave in a dielectric medium has an electric field of 2ax cos(108t - z/√3) - ay sin(108t - z/√3) V/m. The wave has a frequency of 108 s-1, wavelength of 2

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88 views

ECED 4310 Tutorial: Plane Electromagnetic Waves Problem 1: Solution

1) A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a nonmagnetic medium with a magnetic field of 25 sin(2 × 108 t + 6x)ay mA/m. The wave propagates in the negative x-direction and the medium has a relative permittivity of 81 times the permittivity of free space. The corresponding electric field is -25/3 sin(2 × 108 t + 6x) V/m. 2) A plane wave in a dielectric medium has an electric field of 2ax cos(108t - z/√3) - ay sin(108t - z/√3) V/m. The wave has a frequency of 108 s-1, wavelength of 2

Uploaded by

zerihun demere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECED 4310

Tutorial: Plane electromagnetic waves


Problem 1
A plane electromagnetic wave propagating in a nonmagnetic medium is specified by its magnetic
field,
H = 25 sin(2 × 108 t + 6x)ay , mA/m.

Determine:

1. The direction of wave propagation.

2. The permittivity of the medium.

3. The electric field intensity.

Solution

1. The phase can be written as θ = ωt + βx, where ω = 2 × 108 s−1 and β = 6. Thus, the
wave propagates in a negative x-direction (backward-propagating wave).
2.

√ ω√
β = ω µ0 = r .
c

It follows that
β 2 c2
r = = 81, =⇒ = 810 .
ω2
3.

8 t+6x)
H = Re[H0 ej(2×10 ],

where
H0 = −25jay , mA/m. (1)

It follows that
q
E0 = −η(ak × H0 ), ak = −ax , η= µ0 / = η0 /9 = 40π/3. (2)

1
It can be inferred from Eqs. (1) and (2) that

η0 25η0
E0 = (ax × H0 ) = − jaz , mV /m
9 9

Thus,
8 t+6x) 1
E = Re[E0 ej(2×10 ] = az sin(2 × 108 t + 6x), V /m.
3

Problem 2
The electric field of a plane wave propagating in a nonpermeable dielectric medium is given by
√ √
E = ax 2 cos(108 t − z/ 3) − ay sin(108 t − z/ 3), V /m.

1. Determine the frequency and wavelength of the wave.

2. What is the dielectric constant of the medium?

3. Describe the wave polarization.

4. Find the corresponding H.

Solution
√
1. The phase of the wave is θ = ωt − βz. Thus, ω = 108 s−1 ; λ = 2π/β = 2π 3.
√ √
2. β = ω µ = ωc r . It follows that r = β 2 c2 /ω 2 = 3.

3. Since |E0x | =
6 |E0y | and φ0x 6= φ0y , the wave is (left-hand) elliptically polarized.

4. The complex amplitude of the electric field is

E0 = 2ax + jay ,

√ √
Also, η = η0 / r = 120π/ 3 and ak = az . Thus,
√
ak × E0 3
H0 = = (2ay − jax ).
η 120π

Hence,
√
j(βz−ωt) 3 h √ √ i
H = Re[H0 e ]= ay 2 cos(108 t − z/ 3) + ax sin(108 t − z/ 3) , A/m.
120π

2
Problem 3
The magnetic field at the entrance to a good conductor, filling the half-space y ≥ 0, is given by
the expression
H(0, t) = h0 (ax cos ωt − az sin ωt),

where h0 is a known real constant. Determine E(y, t) and H(y, t) inside the medium.

Solution
Recall that for a good conductor,
1+j 1+j
γ= , η= , θη = π/4.
δ σδ
The complex amplitude of the magnetic field at the entrance to the medium is then

H0 = Re[h0 (ax + jay )]. (3)

Thus, the magnetic field at any y ≥ 0 is just an inhomogeneous plane wave,


h i
H(y, t) = Re h0 (ax + jay )e−y/δ ej(y/δ−ωt) .

It then follows that


E0 = −η(ak × H0 ), ak = ay . (4)

It then follows from Eqs. (3) and (4) that


√
(1 + j) h0 h0 2 jπ/4
E0 = − [ay × (ax + jaz )] = − (1 + j)(−az + jax ) = e (az − jax ). (5)
σδ σδ σδ
It can be inferred from Eqs. (3) and (5) that

E0 · H0 = 0,

as expected for a plane wave. Finally,

H(y, t) = h0 e−y/δ [ax cos(y/δ − ωt) − az sin(y/δ − ωt)].

and √
h0 2 −y/δ
E(y, t) = e [az cos(y/δ − ωt + π/4) + ax sin(y/δ − ωt + π/4)].
σδ
Notice that
E · H 6= 0,

i.e., the orthogonality between the electric and magnetic fields is lost thanks to the phase lag of
45◦ between the fields.

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