AISC 1967 v03
AISC 1967 v03
American Institute
of Steel Construction
101 P.rk Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017
CONTENTS
EDITORIAL STAFF
Daniel Farb, Editor
On the outside back cover of this issue you will find the names
and addresses of the A /SC Regional Engineering staff. These
92 professional structural engineers, operating out of 26 region-
al officcs, are ready to assist architects and engineers ,dth any
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structuml steel design problem. The techniques of steel design
REGIONAL OFFICES
are changing rapidly and it is difficult for designcrs to keep
Atlanta, Georgia
Birmingham, Alabama inlormed about all the new developments and their advantages.
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Because the A/SC Regional Engineer is a specialist in steel
Cleveland, Ohio construction and is aware 01 new methods belore they are
Columbus, Ohio
Dallas, Texas widely publicized, he is in a unique positiot! to assist the design
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
prolessions.
Charlotte, North Carolina
Hartford, Connecticut We suggest that you contact your local Regional Engineer
Houston, Texas early in the preliminary stages of dcsign - to get his sugges-
Los Angeles, California
Memphis, Tennessee tions for the most economical steellraming for your project.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Minneapolis, Minnesota
He may be able to suggest new ideas and new economies that
New York, New York didn't exist a short wht1e ago. And once a design is under way,
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Omaha, Nebraska if YOlt have a difficult detail or a problem connection Ot· need a
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania new way to solve an old problem, call on your local AlSC
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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St. louis, Missouri Regional Engineer - he wants to help.
San Francisco, California
Seattle, Washington
Syracuse, New York
Washington, District of Columbia
Imaginative design and the versatility
of modern steel construction made it
possible to fulfill some difficult archi-
tectural and structural design goals for
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the new 21-story Bank of California
Building in San Francisco. The success-
ful architectural blending of a twentieth
century tower and a Greco-Roman bank-
ing office, and the use of cantilevered
framing to provide useable floor space
equivalent to 9 additional stories of con -
ventional vertical construction, were
two of the major achievements of archi-
tects Anshen & Allen and structural en·
gineers H. J. Degenkolb & Associates.
Architectural Solution
The architects were commissioned to
provide a structure that would neither
dominate nor clash in appearance with
the classic low structure that had been
the Bank of California's main office
since 1908. The sixty year old San Fran-
cisco landmark was the first major struc-
ture to rise after the devastating earth-
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quake and fire in April, 1906.
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EXISTING
BANK BUILDING
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MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION
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the bank and neighboring structures. We
broke up the mass easily enough with
elevator shafts and stair towers.
"Studies of comparative heights con-
vinced us that the high-rise addition, if
more than four times the height of the
bank, would prove overbearing. The ex- New framing ('(t)ltil('l'('TIJ 29/ut jllto air spo(' 01' r thrlandmark
isting bank is approximately 51'2 stories J 908 bllildiJ'l1. Cantilevers 0" thrcr sidrs prot'idr floor .pau
rquit'al(,Jlt to 9 additional.torie,.
high. The new tower has 21 stories.
"The IO-ft setback of the new tower
gives greater prominence to the historic
building than it originally enjoyed. And
the small plaza the setback creates
should prove an agreeable civic addition
for the area.
"We felt very strongly that a vertical
entrance to the new building would com-
pete with the pronounced vertical lines
in the older bank. Thus we've designed
the new entrance on the horizontal,
broad and low.
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Associates, San Francisco, Calif.
General Contracto r: Cahill Construction Co.,
San Francisco, Calif.
Steel Fabr icator: Murphy-Pacific Corp.,
San FranCISco, Calif.
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1,260 sq ft at each of those floors. The roughly 6 ft above sea level, and wilh a The weight of the dirt excavation from
cantilevered girders were fabricated water table 14 ft below streel level. the site approximated the weight of the
from steel plate, and on the east side To overcome the barriers to normal new building. As a result, the building
were 42 in. deep. The unusualy long can- foundation construction, the basements "floats" on the alluvial deposits with-
tilevers on the east side required the were built from the top down. First step out any significant settling.
Canti/~l'('r{'d g;rdrr, arc ~2-i" . deep. Dllrtu'ork pa,se. Basement framing .teel U'Q' h1Ulg from trul8cs/ormcci by beam.
thTtJIIgh stiffened )I,th cltlouta. and temporary diagonal brace..
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The Gateway Arch , Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, Sl Louis, Missouri
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of this memorial to the Ameri can pioneers, the MacDonald Construction Company
AISC Board of Directors paid tribute to the men Steel Fabricator & Erector:
Plttsburgh·Des Moines Steel Company
whose imagination, courage and technical skill
Owner:
created a unique and monumental landmark. National Park Service, Dept. of the Interior
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Nearlycompleted in Bladensburg, Md., The building was originally conceived ventional method for steel construction)
is the first plastically designed high-rise as an 8-story structure. However, by rais- the load-carrying capabilities of steel
building in the United States - The Ste- ing the height of the building to 11 stor- members are based on their strength in
venson Apartments. This pioneer struc- ies, and reducing the number of square the elastic range, in which the steel is
ture is the first of a new breed of multi- feet per floor, the designers maintained not stressed beyond the yield point. This
story steel framed apartment, office, the amount of rentable space available means that beams deflect under load,
dormitory and hospital buildings that and obtained considerable added sur- but return to their original position if
will be lighter, more economical and face parking space. Plastic design utiliz- the load is removed. However, the maxi-
more efficient than ever before. ing high-strength steels saved nearly 10 mum strength of stee l beams is not ac-
During early planning stages of the percent of the cost of conventional fram- tually reached until after the yield point
project, structural engineers Horatio AI- ing, enough to offset a premium in cost has been exceeded. Plastic design safely
I ison Associates of Rockvi lie, Md., i nves- per floor due to adding the extra floors. utilizes this reserve strength in calculat-
tigated the use of the new multi-story ing the load-carrying ability of steel
plastic design criteria resulting from a Plastic vs. Elastic members, and results in more efficient
10-year research project at Lehigh Uni- Plastic design of one- and two-story use of the inherent strength of structural
versity. They determined that through steel framing has proven its efficiency steel framing.
the use of plastic design, not only could and economy in many structures built The behavior of buildings utilizing
a significant amount of weight be pared during the last decade. However, until plastic design under service loads is es-
from the structure, with corresponding completion of the Lehigh study, no de- sentially the same as for those designed •
reduction in framing and foundation finitive criteria had been established for within the elastic limit, since structural
costs, but more efficient utilization of application of the method to multi-story members are not actually stressed to the
the site could be also achieved. buildings. With elastic design (the con- yield point. Even experienced sidewalk
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detailing was held to a minimum. estimated for conventional flat plate will have balconies. Six of the first floor
The steel frame is all-welded. Beams concrete construction. apartments on the uphill side of the
are lighter and columns smaller than in The building department of Prince sloping lot will have private patios. Ex-
similar elastically designed apartment Georges County, Md., gave special per- terior finish will be brick. featuring light-
structures. The typical 10WFJ5 floor mission to use plastic design in this colored recessed brick panels.
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tractive to use metal deck and hung months elapsed from ground-breaking to
ceilings. occupancy of the school. Complete steel
The weight of framing steel averages erection required two weeks. Architects: Stecker & Colavecchio,
less than 8 Ibs/sq It of roof area, de- The 19 classrooms, two kindergar- Hartford, Connecticut.
spite the pyramidal forms and long tens, offices, library and multi-purpose Structural Engineers: Onderdonk, Lathrop,
room add up to an area of 38,522 sq ft Cael, Glastonbury, Connecticut.
spans involved. At each hip, girders were
General Contractor: Plerettl Construction
designed to cantilever over the exterior with a pupil capacity of 670. The square Company, Essex, Connecticut
columns, supporting the extensive can- foot cost of $16.91 compares favorably Steel Fabricator: Connecticut Steel Co.,
opy areas over the outside sheltered with other elementary schools, but more New Haven, Connecticut.
play areas, and tapered to give a lighter
and more airy feeling for these spaces.
Additional sub-girders were used where
necessary to ensure that the purlins were
no deeper than 10 in. (an architectural
consideration.) All purl ins were circum-
ferential in layout and hence horizontal.
Fabrication of the steel was rapid,
with a minimum of shop problems. The
tapered girders were formed from
16WF58 rolled sections. By cutting the
webs diagonally, reversing the top and
bottom halves and rewelding the webs,
the desired taper was achieved. All sec-
ondary framing connections were stand-
ard, in most cases one-sided. Skewed
connections were made with bent plates.
Butt-end plate moment connections
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were used wherever continuity of beams
was required through girders. This type
of connection was particularly efficient
and attractive at the exposed roof over-
hang around the multi-purpose room.
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Several months ago I was a member of a Jury I hope the conditions of an increasingly
that met in New York to select the winners of mechanized and regimented society will not
the AISC Architectural Awards of Excellence for mean that the door is closed to this sort of cre·
1967. looking again at the photographs of the ative individualism. I think there is a real risk
winners several months later. I am impressed by that this will happen. Powerful forces are con-
the fact that they are a very workmanlike and stantly pushing us in the direction of increased
competent group of buildings. I use those ad- standardization. But if we permit this process to
jectives without implying either praise or criti· destroy the uniqueness of the individual, we are
cism. because they describe a quality which accepting the fact that the machine has mas·
most of these buildings share. These are not tered us, instead of the reverse. Whether life
the intensely personal and dramatic efforts of will be worth living in the sort of society which
strong individualists; nor are they routine prod· is the logical conclusion of this process is cer·
ucts. mechanically turned out by architects who tainlya matter for doubt.
were uninterested in design. They are the work of I hold no brief for the exhibitionists and op-
skillful and conscientious designers. using the portunists in the architectural profession who
vocabulary that is commonly accepted at this are out to catch the public eye at any price. But
point in architectural history, attempting to solve I uphold the value of genuine creativity as one
practical problems, seriously concerned about of the most precious qualities any individual. or
the aesthetic quality of their buildings. any society, can have. To encourage it Involves
We hear scathing comments about architects some risks and requires courage. I hope that our
designing buildings as "monuments to them· society will continue to produce individuals -
selves". What is usually referred to is a building both architects and cl ients - who are sufficiently
which is, or attempts to be, strongly individual- daring and perceptive to recogn ize real creative
istic, conspicuously outside the main stream of power and cherish it.
contemporary architecture . Some of these Since this creative power, at least at full
" monuments" are blatant efforts to attract atten· strength, is such a rare quality, it is not surpris·
tion. They are advertising. with no claim to ser· ing that the buildings submitted for AISC Archi·
ous consideration as architecture. But others are tectural Awards of Excellence showed it only in
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the work of thoughtful and gifted designers who diluted form - at least in my judgment. On the
are genuinely creative. Creativity is almost synon- other hand, the fact that many of the submis·
ymous with originality, and the buildings of the sions represent such a high degree of compe·
truly creative architect are likely to be different. tence, ingenuity. and sound aesthetic jUdgment,
unusual, arresting. is a matter for real satisfaction.
TH I RD QUARTER 1967 18
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1967 AUDITORIUM -GYM NASIUM, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, Colorado
Architect: Bunts and Kelsey - Architects
ARCHITECTURAL
AWARDS OF
EXCELLENCE
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FOREST HOME BRANCH LIBRARY, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Architect: von Grossmann, Burroughs and Van Lanen, Architects, Inc.
CARILLON,
Stone Mountain, Georgia
Architect: Robert and Company
Associates
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l~'Nrence A. KloIber, ReglOn.1I Englnl'er
Frf'detlck J. Palmer, Rf'gion.' EnBlneer
PHILADElPHIA, PA 19103-1617 John F. K.ennedy Blvd SYRACUSE, N Y. 11203-530 Oak 51
OMAHA. NEB. 68102-C,ly N~rion~1 8~nk Bldg Henry J SIet"'a, Sentor Regioni" Engmeer Donald l. Murdock, Regional EnBineet
J~ck A Donnelly, Regional Engmeer D;JVid T Evans, RegIonal En8met'r
WEST HARTFORD, CONN 06107-The C1~,k Bldg.-
ST. LOUIS, MO. 63105--230 S. Bt'misfon Ave. PITTSBURGH, PA. 1S219-U(llon Trusl Bldg 968 farmington Avenue
Clyde R. Guder, ReBlon~I EnBmeer GabrIel M 8ove, RegIonal Engmeer Ciprian A Pauf(»(), Regional Engineer