&) um Education , : with audio eles ON EXAMS |e T ese) 3) | +_ INTRODUCTION ZNO - the Ukrainian External Independent Evaluation - is an exam which high school leavers take in order to go to university. This resource helps you both enrich your language in the USE OF ENGLISH part and familiarise yourself with ‘the exam format in the ZNO PRACTICE part. ‘The English-language ZNO exam consists of four parts: Listening «Posyminia moan na cnyx» - Tasks 1-3 (16 questions) Reading «4uranna» - Tasks 4-7 (22 questions) Use of English «BuxopuctaHa opi - Tasks 8-9 (20 questions) —Writing «Flucemo» ~ Task 10 ‘The duration of the test is 2h 30 min, so while practising for the test remember to time yourself and make sure you manage your time effectively. Good luck! Pearson and Dinternal Education teams CONTENTS Pages Part 1: USE OF ENGLISH 26 Multiple Choice 7-9 Mini-dialogues 10-12 Sentence Paraphrasing 13-15 Sentence Pairs, Part 2: ZNO PRACTICE 16-20 Listening, 21-27 28-31 32USE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice Read the text and choose the correct answers. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASK IT'S AS EASY AS APP. What are the basic skills that 1 child starting school should learn? For many centuries the obvious answer was: reading, writing and arithmetic. Quite recently computer classes (ICT) have been made an obligatory part of national Ccurticulums to teach students how to use basic programmes. These days, 2 | More and more countries are starting torrealise that to succeed in the 21st century pupils should be able to create their own software. In fact, some schools in the UK are planning to get rid of ICT lessons and replace them 3 programming classes that would involve building websites, designing games and mobile phone apps. They hope that today's generation of children, who are already familiar with using smartphones, and practically iving in the world of social media, will soon became the designers of the future. Education authorities have no problem convincing students’ parents that 4 skills are important. A recent survey shows that 9485 of them believe that computer skills ares for the job market. Examples of British teenagers, ‘who have managed to sell their apps to big corporations also help make the decision easy. Afterall, who wouldn't want their child to become a millionaire? Tasome ball any 2aalthough bhowever despite 3afor bwith «from 4as0 bthis ‘such Saessential unnecessary modern TASK2 ‘THE ZEBRA MYSTERY For many years scientists have wondered 1 zebtas have black and white stripes. Some believe that the stripes create an optical illusion which hides a zebra's movements and in this way protect it from being attacked. When lions See a group of zebras, the stripes make it difficult for them to assess the zebras’ size and speed. However, one study has found that lions are particularly good 2 catching zebras. There have been other popular theories too. One claims that each zebra has a unique pattern of stripes so 3 one individual can recognise another. There is also a theory that suggests that the stripes help zebras with thermoregulation and protect them from the strong African A team of US researchers has & found evidence that the zebra got its stripes for different reasons. The zebra's short hair makes it easy for dangerous African fies to bite and infect the animal with different 5 - Itseems that flies find it harder to land on stripes and during their evolution zebras have developed 4 perfect way to keep the fles away. The stripes are narrow on the lower legs and on the head, the areas which attract fies the most. Tawhich bwhy what 2ain bfor cat Bathat bas eto 4anever bever recently Saaliergies diseases. vaccines. TASKS RUTH FLOWERS: AGE IS NO EXCUSE ‘When you think of your grandparents’ hobbies, gardening, knitting or Nordic walking come to mind. 1 Ruth Flowers was not your average grandmother. When she was in her late sities, she became a world famous Dj working under the name Mamy Rock, She was brought 2 in a very musical family and for many years worked as a singer and singing teacher, It was only when she got invited to her grandson's birthday party at a club that she 3 in love with dance music. Ruth said that at first the security didnt want to let her in because of her age, but she insisted and she enjoyed it very much, she was 4 in touch with a young French producer ‘who helped her develop her sound and image. in her mixing, she used her favourite artists like the Rolling Stones or Freddie Mercury together with electro music. As for clothes, she loved colourful outfits and cool sunglasses. Ruth gave her first gig during the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, after which she became internationally known, S___ then she played ‘in major clubs throughout the world and even had her own reality show called "Rock It Granny” rayet bAlthough inspite of aback bup cover 3afalls biell has fallen Aaput bstayed ckept SaFrom until «Since TASK4 WHERE ARE YOUR MANNERS? While it istrue that mobile devices are convenient and help us stay better connected, our social skills seem to be getting ‘worse and worse, According to a recent survey, the majority ‘of people 1 that smartphones, laptops, tablets and social media have made uss rude People texting in public places or shouting into their phones on public transport are a common 2 very often we pay more attention to our Facebook account than the person sitting in front of us, This obsession with digital devices and the need to stay online al the time make people start phone conversations while watching a film at the cinema or forget 3 off their mobile in the theatre, at school or leven in church, Many institutions are trying to bring good old etiquette back. Shops across the UK are putting up signs informing customers that they won't be served while talking 4 the phone. Banks and post offices forbid the use of mobile phones too. There are also numerous online campaigns that ‘make people aware of the basic rules of polite behaviour. All ‘of them come down to a simple fact: use your common sense ands You think it will be rude, don't do it. Jathinks has thought eis thinking 2aview esight Bato swit about switching aby through con Saunless if providedUSE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice Read the text and choose the correct answers. Circle the letter a, b orc. TASKS SUPERMARKET MIND GAMES We all know it too well, we go to a supermarket and we often end 1 buying more than we planned. Having ‘a shopping list in your hand doesn't always help because supermarkets use all kinds of psychological tricks aimed at ‘making us 2 up our trolleys, It all starts in the car park where potential customers see red signs advertising discounts and bargains. As soon as they see this colour inside, they will automatically associate it with low prices 3. ‘some red labels will only be used to confuse them. Then it the usual: background music will get shoppers in the right frame of mind and so wil the artificial smell of 4 baked bread. Shelves with basic products, ‘such as meet, bread and butter, are situated far away from ‘each other so that you have to walk through many aisles and, Con the way, be tempted to get items you don't need. ‘And just when you think it's over, there are so-called golden ones, displays with all kinds of sweets located near checkouts that encourage customers and their children to think that, they deserve a reward while they 5 to pay for their shopping. Taup beath about 2afilling Boll fill Badespite even though etherefore 4ahardly freshly equickiy Saare waiting willbe waiting chave been waiting TASK DON'T WASTE IT Statistics show that US households throw away a shocking 4096 of perfectly good food. At the same time about 50 million ‘Americans don't have 1 to eat and many suffer from hunger. However, if US families managed to 2 food ‘waste by 15 per cent, it would help feed 25 milion people. The big question is: what can be done tosolve the problem? To start with, you should plan your meats well ahead, make Use of shopping lists and avoid buying on impulse. Ifyou don't know what to do with the leftovers in your fridge, check online guides for suggestions on how to waste less. Alternatively, you can get a useful mobile app which will provide you with creative3___. Some people get rid of food because the sell by date has passed and they are afraid they might get sick. 4 they don't realise is that most food products can be safely eaten past these dates. if you know you worrt have the chance to eat something, you can always freeze it 5 it goes bad. There's also an option of donating food to local food banks. Remember that lots of people need the food you throw away. Taplenty —_bittle enough 2afedupwith beutdownon etake away Barecipes receipts prescriptions ‘4aThat bWhat Which Saafter bbefore ewhile TASK7 Do U hava job 4 me? Believe it or not, but many employers nowadays do get letters of application written in ‘text speak. And itis not the only reason why more and more employers 1 ‘that the recruitment process is a nightmare. Many youngapplicants failto understand therequirements for the jobs they apply 2 They send off identical Cvs regardless of the post. In addition, they find it difficult to show up punctually for a job interview, have 3 idea what ta wear on formal occasions and lack basic social skills, e.g they are unable to make eye-contact with the interviewer or ‘explain why they want a given job, And that’s not to mention their poor knowledge of the company they want to work for Itdoesn't prevent young people from 4 unrealistic expectations of the job market. They are mostly interested in professions related to popular culture, the media and sport. Moreover, they think they can just walk into their dream job, because they believe they deserve only the best. 5 2a ofthe above greatiy limit young people's working opportunities and contribute to the high rates of youth unemployment. Taaccuse deny complain 2afor bto eabout Basome bony eno. 4ahave btohave chaving reviously bUnfortunately ¢ Eventually TASKS HUNGER FOR POWER If you think that politics is boring, you haven't watched ‘House of Cards, an American political drama. tis directed by David Fincher, who is known 1 Seven and Fight Club, ‘among others. This TV series is set In the capltal of the USA and tells the story of Francis Underwood (Kevin Spacey), 2a fictional Democratic congressman. Kevin Spacey 2 the role of a ruthless politician ‘who wants to take revenge on the people that have betrayed him, including the President of the United States himself, He is very cynical and uses a young political reporter to reveal his rivals! dark secrets to the press. His power hungry wife is no angel 3 ‘They bath stop at nothing to reach their goals and destroy their enemies, The series is a remake of the 1990s British political miniseries and has become a great success, receiving many 4 for excellent acting and directing. Viewers around the world seem to appreciate the fact that it presents the reality of political life as many people suspect it to be: 5 cruel world of empty promises and corruption, with no place for idealism. Tafrom bfor about 2astars bplays cacts balso ceither brewards — cawards ban etheUSE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice Read the text and choose the correct answers. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASKS ARE CHEAP AIRLINES REALLY CHEAP? Go to Majorca now for only £10! Pay €5 to fly to Crete! Budget airlines 1 your attention with bargain ticket prices in their eye-catching advertisements, What they will not tell you, however, is 2 they have all kinds of tricks Up their sleeve to make much more money out of yo: later, To start with, the price of a cheap air fare only looks attractive at the beginning, toften does not include obligatory costs such as taxes, an online check-in charge, service charge or creditcard usagefee.3____they are added, the final bill 's far from what you expected. Then there are luggage fees. if your hand luggage is not the correct size or your suitcase 's too heavy, the excess baggage fee you will have to pay at the airport 4 ruin your holiday mood, Not to mention. high extra charges if you forget to print your boarding pass at home or make @ spelling mistake in your name. So next time you are sitting at your desk to 5 that online booking, make sure you are well rested ond ready to face a very tough opponent Tadraw bpay tum 2awhy bthat such BaUnless — BOnce Whereas 4amust bshouid may Samake bdo prepare TASK 10 MOBILES AND HEALTH ISSUES Forty years ago mobile phones did not even exist but soon more than 2 bilion people will be using them on a daily basis This fairly recent 1 has proved very useful but the fact that we are constantly bombarded by electromagnetic waves tba hove longterm wes on cur heath __Suagests that our favourite gadget, which we look at 180 times a doy. contributes to al nds of health issues. Staring at your phone for too long may lead to serious problems with your eyesight. 3 + mobile phone users suffer from headaches, neck and shoulder pains, tiredness, poor hearing as well as problems with sleeping, So maybe itis worth 4 ‘our personal habits when it comes to using mobile phones? Experts suggest holding the devices a few centimetres away from your ear and switching ears every few moments. It is recommended not to use them for more than 15 minutes at a time and to leave them 5 your bedroom at night. ‘And dort forget to clean your phone every once in a while, The average phone is a paradise for all kinds of bacteria Tadiscovery invention —_ecreativity 2aResearch bOpinion —_¢ Examination 3aalinall — bristly Moreover 4areconsider breconsidering cto reconsider Saopposite bbehind coutside TASK 1 SMART HOUSE Have you ever left your house wondering if you had locked the front door or turned off the cooker? Now you can stop worrying if you decide to turn your home 1 a smart ‘one, Technology that was once reserved for the rich is becoming more and more available 2 the popularity ‘of mobile phones and tablets, Setting up a smart home Is all about connecting all the devices and household 3 into a network that you an control from any place in the world, Whether you are at ‘work or on holiday, you can check what is going on in your house and react accordingly. A security system will detect @ fire of inform you in case a burglar 4 to break in, Asmart home will control the lighting and room temperature, resulting in lower electricity and heating bils. Once the house knows that you are getting up, it will turn on the coffee maker in the kitchen or put your favourite news programme on the wv. The list of cool smart home tricks goes on and they are alls ‘at making your life easier and more convenient. up bon into 2aowingto inspite of —_capart from 3atools bfurniture appliances aaties bwill try « Saaiming aimed being aimed TASK 12 READING BOOKS CAN BE COOL At present many publishing houses are experiencing a crisis, libraries are not as popular as they 1 be and fewer and fewer people are buying books. That is why in 1995 UNESCO started World Book Day, an annual event celebrated ‘worldwide on 23 April 2 main aim is to encourage and promote reading, It was decided that it would be held on this day because the date is also the anniversary of the birth and death of William Shakespeare and the death of Miguel de Cervantes Every year hundreds of interesting book-related events 3 place in bookshops, schools and libraries. in Spain, for example, Cervantes's Don Quixote is read during a two. day reading marathon. In Catalonia, where this day ts called The Day of the Rose, traditionally men gave women roses and 4 ‘women gave men books. Nowadays it's still customary to exchange books on this day and in the main streets of Barcelona and other cities in the region you can buy Something to read for your loved ones, UNESCO believes that reading books 5 to the social and cultural progress of humanity and leads to building peace around the works, Jawereusedto busedto —egotusedto 2awhich that whose Batake bhave egwe 4aonaverage binreturn efor instance Sahelps bcontributes. cprovidesUSE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice Choose the option that fits the gap correctly. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASK 13, 1 Weneed to find a place where we can a break down bputup. blow out our tent, 2 How long him? ado you know bbdid you xnow have you known 3 in the photo is a surgeon, Can you guess which one? Some women One of the women « Either of the women 4 _live in the house on the left. a Browns b The Browns «The Browns’ 5 Idliketo adraw batch pay ‘your attention to this unusual painting, TASK 14 1 Iwenttoa ‘a primary school 'b middle schoo! estate school in London when I was 5. 2 Doyou really think | should apologise? Maybe you have the right byou are right you agree 3 Let's meet a for 15 minutes bb by 15 minutes in 15 minutes 4 Doyou think this scarf afits b matches suits my black winter coat? 5 ithe acalls will call has called _ let me know, OK? TASK 1S 1. You and your older brather used to fight alot, ? a don'tyou barentyou didn't you 2 but | don't agree, see your point bb That's what you think «You might think that 31 on Friday night. fd love you to come. a organise a party bam likely to give a party cam having a party 4. Doyouhave any a further banother ¢ following questions? 5. The doctor says | should drinks. acutin with bcut down on cutout for fast food and fizzy TASK 16 1 How does your brather ? adofora bearna pay for a living 21 a.used to be btends to get usually becomes very hot here every summer. 3. I know the person the local park awhose bthat ‘which sculptures are on display in 4 He wanted to know ‘a where did | see ‘b where | had seen ‘ewhere | saw that French film, Ss You amust bshould ‘cought to teach your dog some new tricks.USE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice Choose the option that fits the gap correctly. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASK 17 1 my favourite vase? a Who did break b Who broke ‘€ Who was broken 2 fdlike to lease b request cask 3 fhe __ a didnt have to bmustn't hadn't __you a favour. , he would never get up before 8 o'clock. 4 Have you ever, Alaska? a been to bgone to been on 5 three or four times yesterday. 2 |called you Iwas calling you 1 would call you TASK 18 1 You know very well that _ you shouldn't you're unable to you aren't allowed go there alone. 2. | have two neighbours, but pool in their garden, a not one of them bb none of them neither of them has @ swumming 3 weather! Let's go for a walk alts such a beautiful b What beautiful But for the beautiful 4 last week that | couldn't study there, altoid biwastold it was told 5. !lhave chicken for the alead bmain prin course. ipal TASK 19 1 Very afew biittle small people knew about the secret room, 2 Terrorists tried to agive up bset up blow up the bridge. 3 Could you _ aexcuse apologise eregret _to her now? 4 _____your phone number with her, She mustrit had b She may not have had €She needn't have sa Yes, | believe it's in the living room. al doubt it BI dont think so Let me think TASK 20 1. You can join them tomorrow. a That's fine with me bb I haven't got any doubts about it i'm sure about that 2 Helived there _ asince ior from the beginning of 1990, 3 Where is she? _ a She had to be here bb She was supposed to be here €She should be here at half past one. 4 We are terribly sorry, but we couldn't won't be able to ‘emight not ___help you at al, 5 What's the average _ in Ukraine? afamily b retirement esalaryUSE OF ENGLISH: Multiple Choice Choose the option that fits the gap correctly. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASK21 4 there alone, You had better not go bifonly you didn't go Suppose you don't go 2. Bring an umbrella aifitrained b incase trains unless it rains, 3 Hetold me that _ he got divorced, aheis married bhe was married che had been married for thirty-three years before 4 if|__tdseltit acouldbe you 'b could have your place ‘ewere you 5 some brothers. al regret not having bifonly I didn't have el wish I had. TASK 22 1 Imsorry about your jeans. 2 Ill get you new ones. bil buy you a new one. lll have the new ones, 2 Doyou know that al used to get up b I'm used to getting up got used to getting up 3. | suggest atogo byou go you could go very early in the morning? _____to the theatre with your nephew. 4 She looked absolutely athrilled bamazing ebored in her new dress, 5 | will give him the invitation _1 see him, aunless b supposing ‘provided TASK 23 1 _____ but I think you've dropped something. aim sorry that | interrupt Sorry to interrupt ‘¢ May | interrupt 2. I don't know why he refused a signing btosign sign ____ that letter, 3. Atthe end of the meeting everybody started shouting aat each other bat themselves ‘con their own 4 Our fight to London was cancelled___bad weather. adue to because thanks to 5. Did you hear their latest _ night? a article ‘column «commercial on the radio last TASK 24 1 __many people at the party when Dorothy arrived. a They weren't b There was no There weren't 2. We dicn't win the match all year although badespite however practising really hard 3. sihwalt here until ahe won't come he doesn't come che comes 4 ___yesterday in the city centre, a It’s impossible to see him You musta't see him You can't have seen him b how expensive is it ¢ how much does it cost,USE OF ENGLISH: Mini-dialogues Complete the mini-dialogues by choosing the correct option. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASKT 1X: Listen, | really __be going now. Ye OK, let's keep in touch, acould brmight must 2X: Could | have my keys back, please? aS Thanks. Don't mention it. bGo ahead, I'l wait. ¢Here you are. All the tickets have been sold Let's go to the park : Good idea. Let me change into something more comfortable. athough binstead ceither 4X: Who does this car belong to? RSE as Well, whose is it, then? a Don’t look at me. It’s not mine, it’s the latest model «She's had it for less than a year. What's on TV tonight? x ‘a Have you got any interesting news for me? bits an amazing story. heard it on the news. € Nothing interesting, Let's just watch the news, TASK2 1X: You look great! Ye Thanks. twice aweek. aeatout bwork out chang out 2. Xz How about visitng her together? wr. a Sounds fantastic! b Of course, what is it? Thanks, Im OK. 3 Xs How long have you known her? % ‘aT knew her for along time. b Since December, | think. «Until recently ifyou ask me. 4X What's the point in telling the boss about it? Y Welllbe in trouble a X: OK, Do what you have to do. aifwe don't bifwe arent cif we wont 5X I wonder if you could help me. ¥ ‘a What would you like me to do? b The same to you. You're welcome. TASKS 1X: Let's use dad's computer for thi Y: But what if he finds out? atmafraid he will bHe won't, trust me, 1 think so, too, 2X: What time should we 7 Ye The plane leaves at midnight, so we have to be at the airport at about 10 pm, acheckin bmove out sign up ‘Would you like to come to our wedding? Alithe best! bit doesn't sound very good, €1'd love to 4X: Why did you take his toys? You should be ashamed of yourself ‘really regret So apologise to your brother now! adoit btodoit edoing it YX: x lady a Where are your manners? bb Can you gue this package to him? «What will ou say to their proposal? TASK 4 1X: Hil be back tomorrow at five. Ys Shall from the airport? X: That would be nice. a drop you off baskyou out pick you up I'm afraid my mobile phone fs faulty. Could you please replace it? ¥ Could Ise the arecipe receipt reception 3X: It’sthe third tim about ourmother'sbirthday! Ys Don’t get angry! im so absent-minded, al willremind you remind you «| have reminded you Why do you keep biting your fingernails? , please? a cant stand it bican't help it. €l cant do it. Do you want another sandwich? ‘aNo, thanks. Im on a diet. bPlease do, ‘¢Help yourself.USE OF ENGLISH: Mini-dialogues ‘Complete the mini TASKS 1 Xt Would you like to join us? X: Be ready tomorrow at 7 then, a How come? bWhy not? ‘< Wouldn't I? 2X: What's her phone number? ee ‘Let me check in my mobile. ‘a Hang up Hold on Look out 3. %: How long have you known each other? Yt Let me think. We've been friends since the moment we introduced. are have been ewere 4%: | hope it's not too much trouble for you. ¥ a | apologise for all the trouble. b Not at al. € That's a good point. 5X: Excuse m have you got change for 5 pounds? , need It for the parking meter. a Certainly, here you are, biimafraid not. € Sorry to trouble you TASK 1X: Which one do you prefer: the blue one or the red one? Ne x: Let me check ‘a don't like either of them. b Neither, actually. Have you got any green ones? I've got a sore throat and a fever. a What's the matter? 'b How long have you been lke this? «What do you think | should do? 3X: Who's the. behaved student in your class? Unfortunately its me. My parents are not happy about it aleast best worst 4X: Doyou __ sugar in your tea? Just one spoonful, please. atake bbdrink avoid : What do you think of our new Maths teacher? a fdrrather he didn't. b i believe he’s very strict Not very well ialogues by choosing the correct option. Circle the letter a, b or ¢. TASK? ‘Whose house i it? a My cousin My cousins ‘My cousin's 2X: Itsvery kind of you ¥: Dontt it a prove ‘b mention predict 3. X: Could | speak to Mark, please? ‘a Put him on the phone biljust see if he's in eld be glad to, Do you need my help? Rar Ok, Il be in my office in case you need me, @ No thanks, | think | can manage. Are you sure it's not too much trouble? That's very kind, Il pass it on, SX: Happy Easter! ¥ a | beg your pardor bb Thanks, me too! The same to you! TASKS 1X: Tilike to book. single room for next weekend, please. ¥: X:Oh dear, let me think about it then, ‘a There are only double rooms available, 'b Certainly, single rooms overlook the sea ¢ 1 dont think you need to bookit. 20%: Stop__me! Ye tim sorry, Please carry on. a interrupt B interrupting «to interrupt 3. Xt Is awindow seat Ok with you? a | don't mind shar bd rather take a seat By the aisle would be better. Yd like to make for tomorrow, please. Certainly, would 10 o'clock be convenient? That would suit me fine. ‘a an appointment ba complaint can excuse Do you mind if | open the window? x: ¥: x Wel, itis rather hot in here, isnt it? at's my pleasure. bb Thanks a lot. € 0K, if you insist.USE OF ENGLISH: Mini-dialogues Complete the mini-dialogues by choosing the correct option. Circle the letter a, b orc. TASKS 1X Thank your mum from me, OK? Ye Iwill | get home, a provided that until €a$500n as 2. X: My girfriend and | were born on the same day. Ye What a ' a difference coincidence disturbance 3. X: Can take a photo of you? ¥ 1 Sure, where do you want me to stand? OK, take it easy, won't you? Of course, what is it? 4 %: Could you hold the door for me, please? allt’s hard to tel. b No problem ¢ it doesn’t matter. 5 Xt Are you into sports? a Not really bid love to. Yes, | agree, TASK 10 1X: How about ashort break? ¥: [couldn't agree more. agiving bmaking taking Fm not sure | understand, wae ‘Why don't you explain it to me again? a How can |help? bse what you mean, © OK, why not? 3. X: Lused to fight with my brother a lot. Ve a Nor did I b But did. So did | You look great in that pullover. Really? | only paid £4 for it 2 What a pity! b That's incredible! Shame on you! 5X: | think the best idea would be to stay here. Y The teacher won't ike it a couldn't agree more. bb | wonder if you could tell me something Are you sure it’ the right thing to do? TASK 11% Would you like more coffee? a Youre right. b Me too, ¢('m OK, thanks. Ys [havent got a clue a Doyou speak English? B Could you give me a hand? «¢ Where was this photo taken? 3X: Can! help you, madam? Ys Thanks, but someone awill serve me bis already serving me hasn't served me yet Could you copy it for me? Thanks, you're very kind a With pleasure, b That's a pity. € | could have done that. 5X: Whydontwe ‘il tomorrow? Ye mall for it a putit aside bputit off eputit out TASK 12, 1. X: Will you and Markjoin me tomorrow? Yt Unfortunately we won't. We yesterday. %: Sorry to hear that a broke up bwent out ‘broke dawn 2X: | didn't do well, rm afraid ‘a What a shame! b You're right! Actually, Ido. Could you show me the way to the city centre, please? se a You can always use the lft. b it’s quite easy, you cant miss it. ¢ Just go straight on for about 5 minutes 4X: How old is he? ¥: X: Well, you used to date him, didn’t you? a Why should | tell you that? b What makes you think so? €l'mnot sure. Why? 5X: What his children like? Ys Comedies and cartoons, | think. ado bare| USE OF ENGLISH: Sentence Paraphrasing Choose the options that can best replace the words in bold. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASK1 1 We'd better get going. acan should emay 2. Can | buy this magazine in Ukraine? as this magazine sold b Do you buy this magazine ‘¢ Who can sell this magazine 3 They turned down his application. a didrit reject didnt fil in edidrit accept 4 The last time | spoke to Alexandra was two months ago. a We haven't spoken for two months. bb We didnt speak for two months. «We hadnt spoken for two months. 5. Iwish | could dance well alfonly| danced bb | regret nct dancing imagine | could dance TASK2 1. Whyare you wearing smart clothes? ain casual clothes b dressed up ‘wearing designer clothes 2. Let me know as soon as you see him. a provided that baslongas the moment 3. My uncle Jack doesn't smoke and his wife doesn’t smoke either. 50 does his wife nor does his wite eaiso his wife 4 For the past three weeks George has been off work because of the flu «looking for a job 5 Itisn’t necessary to wear atle ‘You dont have to You had better not You ought not to TASKS 1 Their son was too short to go on some of the rides at the funfair. ‘a wasn't tall enough bwasn't so tall wasn't too tall 2 How cai i get in touch with your cousin? aremind beontact ¢ appreciate 3 Having realised he was late, Michael texted his girlfriend, a After realising b Before realising While realising 4 My mum took up yoga last year. astarted doing b preferred doing, enjoyed doing 5 Shall | get you something to drink? Willyou order something to drink? bb Let's prepare something to drink, shall we? «Would you like something to drink? TASKS 1 Are you in favour of capital punishment? a corporal punishment b a suspended sentence the death penalty 2. Ihardly know you. a |know a lot about you. bi know very little about you. «| know nothing about you. 3. Asfar as 'm concerned you should uo It To my mind, b To start wit To be hone: 4 I know the man with glasses but | don't recognise the rest of the people. athe other b another ethe others 5S Her car has been repaired by 4 mechanic. ‘a She has her car repaired 'b She has had her car repaired ‘¢ She had her car repairedUSE OF ENGLISH: Sentence Paraphrasing Choose the options that can best replace the words in bold. Circle the letter a, b or ¢. TASKS 1 Jake is almost as tall as his sister. ais about the same height isn’t quite as short cis taller than 2 Could you say that again, please? a Sorry? b Repeat! Again! 3. They say he hijacked a plane. a He is said to hijack b He is said to be hijacking € He is said to have hijacked 4 The trip was so amazing that we recommended it to all our friends, ‘altwas avery amazing trip bb twas such an amazing trip ‘The trip was amazing enough 5 May! open the window? Do you mind it bAre you in favour of €Do you approve of TASKS 1. | need 0 go through my notes again before the Biology exam. a register bresit crevise 2. Even though he likes me, he doesn't respect me, a Despite Although Nevertheless 3. Ifyou ask me, | think he's honest. You should ask me bb if I may add something if you want to know my opinion 4 She can’t have done it alone. a She must have done it on her own, b It's impossible that she did it alone. «She might do it with somebody else, 5 in our Chemistry lessons we often carry out interesting experiments, a conduct banalyse ediscuss TASK? 1 ‘Iknow you did it, he said to me. a He persuaded me to do it. bb He warned me against doing it He accused me of doing it. 2. Shell fire him unless he apologises to her. a on condition that he apologises bif he doesn't apologise by the time he apologises 3. We can go to Greece or we can go to Croatia for our ‘summer holiday. a either go to Greece or to Croatia b neither go to Greece nor to Croatia ‘€go to both Greece and Croatia 4 We have never visited this place before a We've already been to this place, it’s the first time we have visited this place. ‘€ We've just visited this place, 5 Unfortunately the film was rather dull a disappointing b boring cawful TASKS 1 She asked me ‘Are you OK? was! OK blam OK ‘whether | was OK 2 They set up the company in 2010. aciosed bstarted «sold 3. It’s high time you talked to him, ald rather you talked 'b Suppose you talk You'd better talk 4 The film is about to begin ais going to start shortly bought to start soon ‘e must have just started 5. Actually, | disagree, Allin all bin fact Also WUSE OF ENGLISH: Sentence Paraphrasing Choose the options that can best replace the words in bold. Circle the letter a, b orc. TASKS 1 Philip is really shy, but on the other hand, he's very friendly. ain the meantime bhowever unfortunately She admitted stealing the money a confessed to b was charged with reported | started collecting paintings 20 years ago. 2 I collected paintings for 20 years b ve been collecting paintings for 20 years I'd collected paintings for 20 years. We always set off early to avoid traffic jams. aleave bfinish return Do you fancy going for a switn? 2 Perhaps we could b Why dont we ¢ How about TASK 10 1 He goes to a school where students live and study. a vocational schoo! comprehensive schoo! «boarding schoo! It looks like it's going to rain, ahow basif likely have three pen-friends but they're not British. a neither of them is bany of them is enone of them are ‘she stopped to talk to her neighbour. ‘a met her neighbour and started talking to him. b got angry with her neighbour and decided not to talk to him. will never talk to her neighbour again. His wife has died recently. a He's become a foster parent not long ago. b He's become a widower not long ago. ‘c He's become an orphan not long ago. 2 TASK 1. I'd rather eat vegetables than meat | prefer eating vegetables to b like eating vegetables as much as Eating vegetables is better than eating 2. She had twins at the age of 25. a raised twins bb gave birth to twins brought up twins 3 Eventually, they won the race. a Suddenly b Finally e Actually 4 Could you complete this survey for me? areceipt b questionnaire prescription 5. I'd go for the second option. find the second option better. 'b should choose the second option. ‘¢1 appreciate the second option, TASK 12, 1. They showed me the new swimming pool, al was showing bi was shown showed 2 Can you help me do up my room? arenovate bridy up 3. Isshe used to working in a team? 2 Did she use to work bis she getting used to working cls she accustomed to working, 4 ‘Are you leaving tomorrow?’ she asked. ‘a She asked me why | was leaving the following day. »b She wanted to know if | was leaving the next day. ‘¢ She wondered whether | was leaving that day. 5 I can'tstand it at quite like it. bi really hate i 1 recommend it,USE OF ENGLISH: Sentence Pairs Choose the word that correctly completes the gaps in both sentences. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASK 1. | must stop eating sweets. Ive put weight recently, | think that, ___ average, girls are better at academic subjects than boys ain bof con 2 Were rid of our old clothes Unfortunately his parents are abecorring baking getting 3 Theylive ina terraced in Green Street Could you tell us when you are moving__? a house bfat home 4 To get this job, you must have a Last night the temperature was one zero. atitle bdegree egrade 53 When you The jury couldnt areach beet carrive too much a divorce. in Economics. Celsius below the end of the street, turn left ‘verdict for two days, TASK? 1. What do you do to fit? Your son finds it hard to _ class. a keep bstay eget 2. We're in our final year so we don’t have much, time. You should always carry a you have a puncture. afree leisure espare 3. We're planning to this hotel for three more years. I don't think this software will ‘on my old computer. a operate brun ¢g0 4 We were brought by our grandmother. The price of petrol has gone ___ recently. aup bin con 5 Next summer | want to Alicante. | promise you Iii try to atake bake do up with the rest of the tyre in your car in case a Spanish course in my best. TASK3 1 f've____ this exam three times but failed each time. I dor't recognise the place. Where was this photo a taken bpassed made 2 Don't worry, son! You have to keep _trying, ‘The best way to travel around this city is____ foot. aat bon eby 3 Excuse me, sit! think you've The temperature acut bdropped clost 4 The man was quite tall and of __ build Hthave a rare steak, please. aimiddie mild medium, 3 My favourite band The surgeon accident victim, a played b performed emade something! suddenly this morning. _ in my city last week. ‘an emergency operation on the TASK a 1. She played the leading Teenagers need positive look up to. arole bpart cexample 2 {tis commonly known that World War II 1939. Somebody acame b burgled broke 3. Areyou Theyre ataking bearrying chiding 4 In British schools, parents pay a fine if their children asses. ve been away for so long that 'm beginning to__ my country. a skip bimiss cleave $ He tends to spend most of his free time __ the Internet. They've just bought a house London ain bby con in our school play. ‘models that they can out in into our flat when we were on holiday. ‘any sharp objects with you, sit? ‘out the experiment in the schoo! lab. the outskirts ofUSE OF ENGLISH: Sentence Pairs Choose the word that correctly fills the gaps in both sentences. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASKS 1 Just on! il be backin a second. ‘Where shall we the stl life? Below your portrait? ahang bput take 2 I'm going in your direction, so I This noise from the street is beginning to atake drop drive 3. Igotup, __the bed and tooka shower, The customer was dissatisfied so he alaid bmade stidied 4 Imnotinterested anything you have to say. When does the next train get ? a about boy cin 5 {know her phone number by _ We found a perfect house in the amemory beentre heart you home. me mad, complaint. of New York. TASKG 1 Can you give me a recipe for a traditional British main Eight students from my class haves gned up for an evening History. a course bmeal dish 2 The music’s too foud, Can you little bit? Don't around! Your ex girfriend is sitting behind you in the corner. aput bturn emake 3. I'm really fed for two weeks. Peter, can you tidy aat bout up 4 Could | borrow your phone? Mine's got a The countryside was completely mountains in sight adead biiat clean 3 Youcanuse that bottle Let's have a picnic by the river abin boast bank the volume down a with this weather. It's been raining, your room today? battery. There were no togetrid of empty bottles on Saturday! TASK7 1. Unfortunately, | did not manage to _ = the bank was closed. Could you stop talking? You must pay bdraw book 2 What'sthat actor's name?it'sonthe _ ‘We gave the waiter a big atio bend top 3. When wll you make up your ? Tomy » this plan wor't succeed, ‘opinion b belief émind 4 Allthe paparazzi knew the actress had —_ Ritz Hotel. Have you a checked stayed censured 5. Ukraine is trying to countries. He didn't work aput beatch ctake the bills today attention in class. of my tongue, for his excelient service. in at the that all the doors are locked? up with the biggest EU the 715 bus so he had to take a taxi to TASKS 1. There isnt enough suitcase, The changing a place broom espace 2 She works as a personal __at the local gym, ‘Mum, have you seen my other red PI cant find it in my room. a coach bassistant trainer 3. His latest album goes on next week. I've heard that our neighbours’ house is for aoffer brent sale 4 We'd like to start the meeting so could you please your seats? How long does it ahave brake eget 5 How are you__ on with your new classmates? My brother and his fiancée are married soon getting b becoming «doing in the wardrobe for this ___is at the back of the shop. you to getto school?USE OF ENGLISH: Sentence Pairs Choose the word that correctly fills the gaps in both sentences. Circle the letter a, b or c. TASKS 1. | think you're overreacting. 'm not laughing you. Thanks for teling me all this. Now I know that least you're honest with me. afor bat from 2 Theliitisoutof We need to take the stairs, All the books in the library are in alphabetical a function operation corder 3. Why are you trying to change the ? Maths is not my favourite school atopic subject theme 4 We on a diet many times in my life The company has bankrupt after three months. agone been eput 5 The from the balcony was amazing, His point of sight byiew look is quite interesting. TASK 10 1. I desperately need a job. Where can | get information on job 2 Tim sorry, we have no booked for the weekend, aadverts vacancies coffers, at the moment. We're fully 2. The party was a disaster because nobody showed __ It's_____to you what subjects you want to study in the future. aover bup cin 3. This puzzle is too difficult for me. | can't answer. We need to get rid of that old printer. it doesn't anymore a think bmake work 4 [tis commonly believed that My grandfather was, a poorly b slightly cbadly 5 | should get an alarm There was a nice a fitted b installed fixed out the ursesare___ paid injured in the war. in my car __carpet on the floor in her room. TASK IT 1. How did you come up this solution? Iship hop stil popular young people? afor about with 2. Josh, could you _ the table before dinner, please? How many eggs do sea turtles normally ? aset blay have 3 | promised my parents that id do the after dinner. The restaurant opposite our house serves delicious italian ‘ameals b plates dishes 4 There were about 60 guests at my sister's wedding ‘Ask the man at . room tomorrow. a ceremony bperty reception 5 He'sbeen | think the plumber a charged baccused creleased _... what time we should leave the with shoplifting three times so far. us too much for the repairs, TASK 12 1. 'mafraid the meat has gone itsmells horrible. ‘ts really hot in here. You can take your jacket aout bover cof 2 think! another lass of orange juice, please. You look really tired. Why don't you. aorder brake chave 3. Unfortunately the situation soon got out of _andt ‘we had to call the police. Could you give me a. control bhand chelp 4 They've just bought a lovely house _ One president. arest? here? | can't do iton my awn. the suburbs, three people think that he will be the next 5 Hell his A-level exams in May. I've never managed to through that film, asit pass take 6| ZNO PRACTICE: Listening Listen to the speakers. For questions 1-3 choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will listen to each recording twice. 2 What present do the friends choose? A B iS TASK2 11 What must Mr Stephenson avoid? ‘ f = 3 How will To travel to Bulgaria? A 16ZNO PRACTICE: Listening Listen to the speakers, For questions 1-3 choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will listen to each recording twice. mnie 1 What does Ann decide to have for dinner 2 Where is the man’s phone? 8 ‘SUPERMARKET G 3 How does Andrew look now? me) 2. What is forbidden by the new rules?| _ ZNO PRACTICE: Listening Listen to the speakers. For questions 1-3 choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will listen to each recording twice. mass (5) 1 What does Mom want Den to buy? A apples, onions, rice, chicken B milk, cream, rice, tomatoes C apples, milk, bananas, potatoes 2 What does Anna want to take with her? AT-shirts B medicine warm clothes 3 What can the participant of the contest choose? Ahotel B landmarks C the day of the trip TASK 4. When does Tom want to work? Ain the summer B inthe morning Cin the evening 2 What book is NOT mentioned? A Flowers for Algernon B The Minds of Billy Milligan C Of Mice and Men 3 What does Peter say about choosing a career? A Tom needs to be an engineer 8 Tom should make a choice as soon as possible C Tom can take some time to think. sisi 11 What do Andy and Ann decide to do about the picnic? Acancel it Bhave it anyway C change the day 2. What advice does Dave get? ‘Ato copy the homework from Paul Bro say heis sorry Cot to goto the training. 3. What does Ann want to viog about? Anail polish B college problems Ccooking eG) 41 Who is the "twelfth man’? Aa reserve player Ba football player the captain 2. How much time does Ben spend online? Aall day B7 hours 3-4 hours 3. Why can‘tJosh go out with Kevin tonight? AHe is in the office, B He is working. C He's going out with someone else, Listen to the text. For statements 1-5 choose T if the statement is true according to the text, F ifitis false. You will listen tothe text twice. TASK 11 School or work influence when breakfast starts in Brazil. 2. Breakfast includes a lot of different food and it takes about an hour. 3 Brazilians eat the same food tor breakfast during the weekdays and at the weekends 4. Brazilians always eat papaya for breakfast 5 Only children can drink milk with chocolate for breakfast, 8ZNO PRACTICE: Listening Listen to the text. For statements 1-5 choose T if the statement is true according to the text, Fif itis false. You will listen to the text twice. Reeea Gey The area covered by forests has become smaller since jane was a child, 2. Jane thinks we don't need money to live. 3. Modern kids never clean up rubbish or try to stop pollution. oo 4 Professors taught Jane that animals have personalities and feelings. 5 _Jane has worked on environmental problems for 56 years. 41 Asa LifeBook project manager Tom guides people who write autobiographies. 2 Tom's grandfather took part in World War Il with the British } 3. After the war, Tom's grandfather worked in a shoe shop, [ 4 Tom always won at Battleships, when he played with his grandfather. 1 5 Tom encourages his clients to include the smallest details they can remember. eg me t re 1) Christmas sa public holiday in japan, | Lj 2 More than 3 million families vist KFC on December 25, 4 Takeshi Okawara worked in the first restaurant ever in Japan. 3 InJapan the tradition of going to KFC at Christmas goes back to the 1970s. in 5 Tolovra bee nepeden Farcapantranistonsmaretngst || ZNO PRACTICE: Listening Listen to the speakers. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will listen to the recording twice. nO What is mentioned about food in chain cafés? ‘A The food is too expensive there, B They help us to save money. C They are environmentally friendly. 2 What is YumNow? ‘Aan online restaurant B a platform where you can sell home-made food Can application where you can buy food at a lower price 3 How much food is wasted per year in the UK? 4.13 billion kg, B73 million tones. €3.476 kg 4) What kind of food can you buy on YumNow? ‘A new products that restaurants want to make popular Ball types of sandwiches products that have to be sold now or thrown away 5 When did the idea of creating YurnNow come to Hendrick? Awhen he was studying at the University of Bristol B when he was travelling outside the country ‘C whe" he saw people throw away their food 41 How many jobs will the machines have taken from people In 4years? 4.133 million B75 million C4million 2. What fields wil the machines create new jobs in? Asales and marketing Bfinance banking 3. What will be one of the biggest challenges of the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution? retraining people who work now B training the machine workers € focusing on highly-skilled employees 4 Whats Klaus Schwab famous for? ‘A He is the person who started the World Economic Forum, B He is one of the businessmen who use robots, CHe isa former worker at the World Economic Forum, 5. What topic do people often concentrate on, when talking about technology? ‘Athe fear of being displaced by machines B the fear of continuous retraining C the reality ofthe creation of new jobs TASK 15 (5) 1. Why do most people wear masks in Japan now ? AThey are sick B They want to stop the spread of germs, They have allergies. 2 What was special about the face masks that appeared in 20037 ‘A They were the first ones on the Japanese market. B They were made specifically for people with allergies. C They were really expensive. 3 What reasons for using masks are NOT mentioned? ‘Akeep your face warm B save money spent on medicine cover your face when you don’t want to show it 4 How does a mask help you avoid communicating with others? ‘A People cannot recognize you. B People find it harder to come up to you. Cou cartt talk when you're wearing a mask. 5 Why are more masks sold during cold and flu outbreaks? ‘A People spend more time with the sick. B People want more protection from ilinesses. People move to big cities. pe 1. Jacob Brown, the award winning chef, collects money for environmental issues B cooks traditional meals Cruns a restaurant with his better half 2. Why did ) Brown decide to add jellyfish to his menu? [AThere was no tuna on sale B People wanted more different protein dishes. € jellyfish became rare on New Zealand's shores. 3 What does J. Brown serve jellyfish with? Ameat Btuna Cerains, 4 Where does |. Brown get jellyfish for his dishes? ‘AHe buys it from New Zealand's Ministry. Be collects it at the shore CHe orders it rom abroad 5 What does J. Brown hope to change in people's eating habits? A They will consume more cows. B They will consume more seafood, They will eat less protein.ZNO PRACTICE: Reading Read the text below. Fill in gaps 1-6 with choices A-H. There are two choices you do not need to use. TASK Shoelaces as a weapon! ‘kcomes as no surprise that, throughout history spies all over the world have used all sorts of secret skills, tools, and training, 1.__And though the most famous secret agent of them ali james Bond - might have been a fictional character, his preferred methods and devices arentt all totally fictional ‘One trick that 2 in their arsenal during the Cold War, however, might surprise even Bond himself. In order to pass ‘messages t0 one another in the most secret way possible, they 3__ Even during the Cold War, CIA agents who 4 had {0 te their shoes in the morning just like everyone else, ‘Only, when they did it, they would often tie them in specific ways 5 to other agents. For example, if an agent were to approach another and glance down at his shoes to see a certain pattern, he would immediately know that the shoelaces signaled “I have information’, “Follow me” or “I brought someone with me." This information comes from “The Official CIA Manual if Wey ine! Dexestont, kas sha shes seen commissioned from magician John Mulholland in 6 They wanted him ta teach them easy to perform tricks 50 they could communicate more secretively In the field. Thus, shoelaces became secret messages. F Ciragents had i ‘so another agent could read it _ sples used to deceive to complete ther missions were deep Undercover the middle of the Cold War that acted as coded messages cleverly used some everyday items a 8 c . E F 6 4 TASK? Agreat pirate Born in 1780, Jean Lafitte, together with his brother, 1 The Lafitte brothers earned a reputation for piracy because they sometimes attacked Spanish ships in the Gulf, but it was smuggling 2 The local Governor Claiborneof Louisiana tad been trying to imprison the heads of illegal smuggling operations, which included Lafitte, before the start of the war. During the War of 1812, which sawthe English fight against the United States, Lafitte was approached by the English. They plannedto capture New Orleans and offeredtos and pay him $30.000 for his services. Pretending to think about taking the offer, Lafitte waited for the English to leave and then 4 He offered to help protect Louisiana Claiborne, 5 ignored the offer. Sometime after, an American warship attacked and destroyed Lafitte's base and captured 80 of his men. Claiborne offered a $500 reward 6___. When Lafitte saw thishe made similar posters calling for the governor's capture and offering a bigger sum of $5.00. ‘who refused to deal with criminal, ‘make Lafitte a captain inthe English navy didnotiiketheidea : for the capture of Lafitte | made his fortune through smuggling and piracy | position in the navy told the local authority about the planned attack that really made them rich. x zoa7mone> aZNO PRACTICE: Reading Read the texts below. Match choices A-H to the texts 1-5. There are three choices you do not need to use. TASK3 5 tips for taking the perfect selfie on your travels 1 (One of the key things to think about when you're taking a travel sefieis to remember what's behind you. if youre taking a self with the Eiffel Tower, you don't want to place yourself where the tower looks lke it's growing out of your head. Be mindful in a busy environment of other people in your shot. Just make sure you don't have anyone making any nasty hand gestures or pulling any funny faces, Trust me, you think you have the perfect shot then up pops a random toursst with their tongue out and ruins— your picture ~ not a good look. 2. If you want all of the Eiffel Tower or the Leaning Tower of Pisa in your shot, you may have to think about holding the camera lower down so that the angle faces up. It's something to be aware of when looking at taking portrait seifies with tall monuments or buildings. Be creative; try tilting the camera slightly to fit everything in and to ensure you capture the best image of you and the best background, 3 There is nothing worse than taking a great selfie and then looking back at and it's blurred and unclear. Itcan be difficult to keep, the phone stil and push the button on the screen at the same time. fits possible, use your external button (depending. on what phone you have). That way, you are not trying to do hand yoga with your camera while trying to take the image 4 ‘Too many times | see pouting or over-posed selfies. In a travel self, we are trying to capture a memory. You might never get back to this special location again in your life, so the las thing you wants a picture of a wonderful moment and location with you pouting or pulling a funny face. Relax, smile naturally, and remember where you are. Take in the wonder of that special location and enjoy who and where you are at that time. The picture will reflect you, if you are truly natural and yourself. you've managed to get the best light for your seifie, then in reality you won't need to edit it. Remember you are trying to take picture that encapsulates the memory of your travel experience, s0.a lat of editing can actually make that memory completely different or false. If you feel alitie extra saturation may be a help, or changing the image to black and white will help with over exposure, then these are the only things | would edit, along with a litle cropping, | Dont over-edit | Hold steady ‘Adjust angles | Enjoy the moment | Remember about your background Lightitup 3) 6) 4/9) 0] 4) #) > T Relax wherever you areZNO PRACTICE: Reading Read the texts below. Match choices A-H to the texts 1-5. There are three choices you do not need to use. TASK4 Rules to follow if you go to Denmark 4 Riding a bike can cost you 231 dollars if you do it while drunk. There isnt a legal limit for alcoho! intake, but if a policeman believes a rider cannot ride a bike properly, that person will not only get a fine but will aso have to leave their bicycle and walk home as well 2 {At the entrance of Freetown Christiania, visitors will see a sign with the district's rules. Sometimes foreigners don't notice it or just ignore it. However, the sign clearly stresses that running, and taking photos on Pusher Street isnt allowed because running causes panic and Christianites prefer not to have pictures taken of them. 3 Many have felt the need to stroke someone else's dog that is just too cute to ignore and pass by. In most cases, the owner ‘waits patiently and smiles before getting on their way, That's not the case in Denmark. Danes prefer to be left alone. Strangely enough, their dogs share the same look of disapproval when a stranger approaches them, s0 it's better to just admire them from afar. 4 While packing for a summer trip, travellers usually include T-shirts, fipflops, sunglasses, and sunscreen lotion. When traveling to Denmark, make sure to add an extra sweater, a raincoat, and winter shoes no matter the time of year. Summer doesn't always reach Denmark and even ifit does, it may only be for a couple of days or even hours. It's better to be prepared than to have to deal with the harsh-Scandinavian temperatures wearing summer clothes. 5. It's an unspoken rule among Danes that privacy is to be respected at all times. That is probably why they rarely bother to close their windows or even to hang curtains. While walking around the streets of a Danish city, you're likely to see buildings and houses that offer a clear view inside a ground-level bedroom or a living room. Most foreigners are tempted to peak inside to see what a typical Danish house looks like. To avoid any misunderstandings, try not to stare, | Dont interact with Danes' dogs ) Dont drink and bike ride | Dont ride a bike if you do not know the rules “Dont take summer clothes to Denmark | Pack carefully | Do not try out your Danish skis 1 2 | | Resist the desire to peep | Do not take pictures in forbidden places A = c > E F 6 #ZNO PRACTICE: Reading Read the texts below. Match choices A-H to the texts 1-6. There are two choices you do not need to use. TASKS Old-fashioned ways of keeping time 1 Sundial ‘As the sun moves across the sky, shadows change direction and length, a simple sundial can measure the length of a day. It was quickly noticed that the length of the day varies at different times of the year, Another discovery was that Sundials had to be specially made for different latitudes because the Sun’s altitude in the sky decreases at higher latitudes, producing longer shadows than at lower latitudes, 2Obelisk Obelisks aren't just impressive monuments, they also have long shadows that are perfect for timekeeping. In Paris, you can stil see an obelisk being used as a sundial: The Luxor Obelisk in the center of the Place de la Concorde aligns its shadow with points ‘on the pavement to show pedestrians the time. ‘3 Water clock sundial becomes rather useless after sunset, so another ancient timekeeping device appeared. The water clock dates back to at least 1500 BC, basically i's a device that uses the reliable flow of water to represent the passing of time. Water clocks appear throughout the ancient world, from Egypt to Greece to the Arabic world, and became quite incredible in their complicated designs. 4. Church bells Before every household had a clock, communities could keep track of time by listening for the local church bells. The word clock actually comes from clocca - Latin for bell ~ as many of the church clocks that began to be built in the 14th century involved striking bells. If you live near a church that still ings the bell every hour, you're getting the time like a medieval person. 5 Hour glasses or sandglasses ‘As the technology of glass-blowing developed, somewhere in the 14th century it became possible to make sandglasses. Criginally, sandglasses were used a a measure of periods of time, but then sandglasses were adjusted to measure specific periods of time, and to decide the correct duration of university lectures and even periods of torture. 6 Candle clocks Marked candles were used for telling the time in China from the 6th century. There is a popular story that King Alfred the Great invented the candle clock, but we know they were in use in England from the 10th century. However, the speed of burning depends ‘on air blowing, and the quality of the wax. This is why candles were used to mark the passage of time from one event to another, rather than to tell the time of day. er] depended on the quality of the matenal and on the wind had to be specially made for a specific area | signalled the time to everyone, who lived nearby a 8 could measure tie only during the night > e sed different colours to signal the tme F abo has architectural value 6 | was used to tell how long.a certain event should be | was already used a couple thousand years ago in a number of Arabic countries_ ZNO PRACTICE: Reading Read the texts below. Match choices A-H to the texts 1-6. There are two choices you do not need to use. TASK Wedding traditions around the world Germany Guests at traditional German weddings bring the happy couple different porcelain plates, and then smash them in the belief that this will scare off evil spirits, The couple are then expected to clean up the mess together, learning that married life will not be easy, but that by working together, they can overcome any challenge. 2 Ireland In Ireland, the bride's feet must stay on the floor etal times when she and the groom are dancing, This is due to the belief that ifthey dont, evil fairies will come and sweep her away. 3 Mauritania In Mauritania, girs aged between five and fifteen are sent to “fat farms” before their wedding to put on the pounds. Ifa bride has stomach rolls, stretch marks and overlapping thighs, it signals that her husband is wealthy enough to keep her satisfied, 4.Guatemala ‘Alter the wedding, everyone typically goes to the groom's house. Hanging over the doorway is a white ceramic bell filed with rice, flour, and other different types of grain ~ all of which represent wealth. As the couple arrives, the mother of the groom welcomes them and ceremonially breaks the bell, bringing the couple wealth and good luck. sindia When the groom takes off his shoes on the way to the mandap (altar), the bride's family promptly tries to steal and hide his footwear. The groom's family must try and protect the shoes at all costs ~ and so the battle of the families begins! If the bride's family gets away with the shoes, the groom must pay a ransom to get them back. 6Spain Aiter the wedding, usually during the reception, the groom will be surrounded by his groomsmen and closest fr'ends, who will Cut the tle from around his neck! The tie will then be cut into small pieces and auctioned off to the wedding guests, bringing good luck to everyone who manages to get a piece. In which country _? | should a bride be fat isa part of the grooms clothing cut into pieces | Is it good luck to break plates at a wedding. | should a couple eat together from one bow! can bad creatures steal a bride re fornily back | isa bell broken to bring money i might the groom have to pay for his shoes must a bride pay to get hZNO PRACTICE: Reading Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer A, B, Cor D. TASK What is the official language of the US? Do you know what the official language of the United States is? If you answered English, guess again. Although, at the moment English isthe most widely spoken language in the nation, Spanish is catching up with over forty mallion Hispanics speaking their native language at home, at work, and in their daly lives. This brings us to another point: Why does the US, which is considered an English-speaking country, fee! obliged to offer services, for Spanish speakers and those speaking many other languages, some of which you might not even know about? Well let's not forget that since 1776 the US has been - and continues to be - multilingual nation. Backthen, to hear up to 20 different languages spoken in daily life wasn't uncommon Today 322 languages are spoken in the country. So having one offical language would limit the rights of individuals who cannot communicate in English, individuals who are paying taxes and who should have the same rights as those who speak English. Nevertheless, in 1780, John Adams proposed to the Continental Congress that English should be declared the official language of the United States. Debate over the official language has been going on for years, with people on both sides ofthe fence, but so fara decision has not been made. This doesn't mean that the individual states have not declared an official language because ‘many already have. Twenty-seven states, to be exact, have declared English as their official language. But, to protect the rights of those speaking any other languages, there is something called Title VI ofthe Civil Rights Act of 1964, ‘Although twenty seven states have declared English as thetr official language, in order to receive federal financial assistance these states still have to follow Title VI, which requires that important materials be available in the language the person speaks if they want to be subsidised by the Federal Government Title Vi of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the 2000 Executive Order No. 13166 require that public organizations receiving federal funds must have all vital documents available in every language that their clients speak; every language. not just Spanish. Why? Because the US has never declared an official language and because of ths, the Tite V ofthe Civil Rights Actof 1964 still applies. 1 What is NOT true about the Spanish language in the US? Rover 40 million people use it B Spanish is spoken at home and at work the number of people who speak itis growing Dit is the most widely spoken language 2. Why isnt there an official language in the US? {A because of the immigrants that might come to the country Bhecause every citizen speaks many languages to encourage people to pay taxes to protect the rights of those whose English is limited 3 What language was suggested to be made the official language of the US in the 18th ¢? ‘AEnglish BSpanish = German ‘ Dnone 4 Where in the US is English the official language? Ain 27 states Beverywhere but for 27 states ' Citis not a Deverywhere with few exceptions, 3) What language must all important documents be in? ‘English Bany language, just not Spanish ‘Cany language the person speaks Dany official language