Name Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing

Responsibilities
Generic Name Digoxin belongs to a class Is indicated for the control of Use caution in chronic constrictive CNS: >Assess for
Digoxin of medications called ventricular response rate in pericarditis, electrical cardioversion, Mental disturbances, symptoms of
cardiac glycosides. It works patients with atrial fibrilation severe bradycardia, severe heart anorexia and dizziness electrolyte
Brand Name by affecting certain failure, severe pulmonary disease, sick depletion:
Lanoxin minerals (sodium and sinus syndrome, ventricular GI: lassitude, apathy,
potassium) inside heart tachycardia, ventricular premature Nausea, diarrhea, mental confusion,
Classification cells. This reduces strain on contractions, not recommended in abdominal pain and anorexia,
Antidysrhythmics the heart and helps it patients with acute myocardial distention and decreasing urinary
maintain a normal, steady, infarction. vomiting output, azotemia
Frequency and strong heartbeat.
6 to 8hrs intervals Integumentary: >Monitor serum
until clinical Red, bumpy rash potassium levels in
evidence of an patients receiving
adequate effect is Cardiac: digoxin, especially
noted Asystole and fast heart those receiving
rate both digoxin and
Route and Dosage diuretics. An
Oral- 0.05 mg/mL undetected,
IV- 0.1 or 0.25/mL uncorrected
potassium
imbalance
predisposes
patients to digoxin
toxicity and
dysrhythmias.

>Encourage patient
to eat lots of food
rich in potassium
Name Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name Nitroglycerin forms free Nitroglycerin also known as Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in Headache, dizziness, >Assess if patient
Nitroglycerin radical nitric oxide which glycerin triturate is a nitrate patients that have reported allergic lightheadedness, is hypersensitive to
activates guanylate cyclase, medication typically administered symptoms to the medication. A known nausea, and flushing nitroglycerine
Brand Name resulting in an increase of to relieve angina chest pain and history of increased intracranial may occur as your
Nitrostat guanosine 3’5 manage blood pressure through pressure, severe anemia, right-sided body adjust to this >Administer drug
monophosphate (cyclic vasodilation. myocardial infarction, or medicine not exceeding 3
Classification GMP) in smooth muscle hypersensitivity to nitroglycerin are all tablets in 15
Nitrates and other tissues. contraindications to nitroglycerin minutes
therapy
Frequency >Instruct the
PRN or before patient the patient
strenuous activity to make sure the
mouth is moist, the
Route and Dosage tongue is still, and
Sublingual- 0.3, 0.4, saliva is not
0.6mg swallowed until the
nitroglycerin tablet
dissolves. If the
pain is severe, the
patient can crush
the tablet between
the teeth to hasten
sublingual
absorption.
Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Binds to the GABA Preoperative Closed angle glaucoma, chronic heart headache, nausea, >Assess level of
Midazolam receptor but does not sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia (IV failure, constriction of blood vessels of vomiting, cough, sedation and level
displace GABA; rather, it or IM). the extremities, obstructive pulmonary drowsiness, hiccups, of consciousness
Brand Name: enhances the affinity of Sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia prior disease, hardening of the liver, acute “over sedation,”, throughout and for
Versed GABA for its receptor site to or during diagnostic, kidney failure, coma, shock. 2-6 hrs following
on the same receptor therapeutic or endoscopic administration.
Injection site reactions
Classification: complex. The procedures either alone or in
(pain, swelling,
Anti-anxiety pharmacodynamic combination with other CNS >Monitor BP,
redness, stiffness,
consequences of depressants (IV). pulse, and
blood clots, and
Frequency: benzodiazepine respiration
tenderness).
2-4 hrs. prn agonist actions include continuously
antianxiety effects, during IV
Dosage: sedation, and reduction of administration.
2.5 mg seizure activity. Oxygen and
resuscitative
Route: equipment should
IV be immediately
available.

Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing

Responsibilities
Generic Name: Prevents bacteria from Mild-to-moderate susceptible Hypersensitivity to azithromycin, Loose stools, >Administer on an
Azithromycin growing by interfering with infections including acute erythromycin, any macrolide, or nausea, abdominal empty stomach 1 hr
their protein synthesis. It bacterial exacerbations of COPD, ketolide drug. pain, stomach upset, before or 2-3 hrs
Brand Name: binds to the 50S subunit of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute Use cautiously with gonorrhea or vomiting, after meals. Food
Zithromax the bacterial ribosome, thus otitis media, community-acquired syphilis, pseudomembranous colitis, constipation, affects the
inhibiting translation of pneumonia, hepatic or renal impairment, lactation. dizziness, tiredness absorption of this
Classification: mRNA. Nucleic acid pharyngitis/tonsillitis, Diarrhea. drug.
Macrolide synthesis is not affected. uncomplicated skin and skin
structure, urethritis, cervicitis, >Prepare by adding
Frequency: chancroid in men 60 mL water to
OD bottle, shake well.

Dosage: >Take full course

500 mg prescribed. DO not
take with antacids.
Route: Tablets and oral
Oral suspension can be
taken with or
without food.
Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Furosemide, like other LASIX is indicated in adults and Furosemide is contraindicated in  CNS :blurred vision, >Assess fluid
Furosemide loop diuretics, acts by pediatric patients for the patients with anuria. It should be used dizziness, headache, status. ...
inhibiting the luminal Na- treatment of edema associated cautiously in any patient with renal vertigo
Brand Name: >Monitor BP and
K-Cl cotransporter in the with congestive heart disease such as severe renal ENT :hearing loss,
Lasix pulse before and
thick ascending limb of the failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and impairment or renal failure. Drug- tinnitus
during
loop of Henle, by binding renal disease, including the induced hypovolemia can precipitate CV:hypotension
Classification: administration. ...
to the chloride transport nephrotic syndrome. LASIX is azotemia in these patients. GI: anorexia,
Loop diuretics
channel, thus causing particularly useful when an agent constipation, diarrhea, >Geri: Diuretic use
Frequency: sodium, chloride, and with greater diuretic potential is dry mouth, dyspepsia, is associated with
20-80 mg PO once potassium loss in urine. desired. ↑ liver enzymes, increased risk for
daily; may be nausea, pancreatitis, falls in older adults.
- Hypertension
increased by 20-40 vomiting ...
mg q6-8hr; not to Derm: ERYTHEMA
exceed 600 mg/day MULTIFORME, STEVEN >Assess patients
S-JOHNSON receiving digoxin
SYNDROME, TOXIC
Dosage: injectable EPIDERMAL
for anorexia,
solution NECROLYSIS, nausea, vomiting,
 10mg/mL photosensitivity, pruritis, muscle cramps,
oral solution rash, urticaria paresthesia, and
 10mg/mL confusion. ...
 8mg/mL
tablet >Assess patient for
 20mg tinnitus and hearing
 40mg loss.
 80mg

Route: PO / IV
Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Its mechanism of action is  is used to treat anxiety, alcohol  Ataxia.  drowsiness. >Assess baseline
Diazepam by increasing the effect of withdrawal, and seizures. It is  Severe hypoventilation.  tiredness or vital signs.
the neurotransmitter also used to relieve muscle  Acute narrow-angle fatigue.
Brand Name: gamma-aminobutyric acid spasms and to provide sedation glaucoma.  muscle >Assess blood
Valium (GABA). before medical procedures. This  Severe hepatic deficiencies weakness. pressure, pulse and
medication works by calming the (hepatitis and liver cirrhosis  inability to respiration if IV
Classification: brain and nerves. decrease elimination by a control muscle administration.
Benzodiazepine  factor of two) movements
 Severe renal deficiencies (for (ataxia) >Provide frequent
Frequency: example, patients on dialysis)  headache. sips of water for
Adults—2 to 10  Liver disorders.  tremor. dry mouth.
milligrams (mg) 2 to  Severe sleep apnea.  dizziness.
4 times a day. Older  dry mouth or >Provide fluids and
adults—At first, 2 to excessive fibre for
2.5 mg 1 or 2 times saliva. constipation.
a day. Your doctor
may increase the >Evaluate
dose if needed. therapeutic
response, mental
Dosage: 15 mg; 5 state and physical
mg/mL; 2 mg; 5 dependency after
mg; 10 mg; 5 mg/5 long-term use.
mL; 2.5 mg; 20 mg

Route: IV
Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Generic Name: The primary mechanism of Short-term management of Aspirin allergy. Peptic ulcer. GI bleed Inj site pain, headache, >may cause GI
Ketorolac action responsible moderately severe, acute pain or perforation. As prophylactic abdominal pain, bleeding, Stevens-
forketorolac's anti- requiring opioid-level analgesia. analgesic before any major surgery. dyspepsia, nausea, Johnson Syndrome,
Brand Name: inflammatory, antipyretic Treatment of peri-op pain in CABG vomiting, dizziness, anaphylaxis,
Toradol and analgesic effects is the setting. Advanced renal impairment. drowsiness, edema, drowsiness
inhibition of prostaglandin Hypovolemia. Cerebrovascular hypertension, pruritus,
Classification: >should not exceed
synthesis by competitive bleeding. Hemorrhagic diathesis. rash, stomatitis,
nonsteroidal anti- 5 days of therapy
blocking of the enzyme Incomplete hemostasis. Bleeding purpura, sweating,
inflammatory
cyclooxygenase disorders or high risk of bleeding. peptic ulcer, GI >bleeding risk
Frequency: (COX). Ketorolac is a non- Concomitant probenecid, salicylates, bleed/perforation, increased with
V: 30 mg as single selective COX inhibitor. pentoxifylline, other NSAIDs. bleeding, renal or liver garlic, ginger, and
dose or 30 mg q6hr; Epidural or intrathecal inj. Labor & failure, anaphylaxis, ginkgo
not to exceed 120 delivery. skin reactions.
mg/day. IM: 60 mg >may decrease
as single dose or 30 effectiveness of
mg q6hr; not to hypertensive
exceed 120 medications and
mg/day. ... diuretics
Moderate
(moderately
elevated serum
creatinine): Use
50% of
recommended
dosage; not to
exceed 60 mg/day
IM/IV.

Dosage:
60mg
Route:
IV

Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing

Responsibilities
Increases electrical Local or regional anesthetic Heart block or other conduction CV: >Assess patient’s
Generic Name: stimulation threshold of management of acute ventricular disturbances. Hypovolemia and condition before
Lidocaine Hypotension, therapy and
ventricle and His-Purkinje arrhythmias during cardiac hypersensitivity to amide local
Bradycardia reassess regularly.
system by direct action on manipulation. Control of status anesthetics. Infection or inflammation
Brand Name: tissues, resulting to epilepticus refractory to other in the area of injection. CNS:
Xylocaine decrease depolarization, treatments. >Asses for any
Restlessness, hypersensitivity.
automatically and
Classification: nervousness,
excitability in ventricles
Cardiovascular dizziness. Drowsiness. >Monitor vital
during diastolic phase. signs and notify the
Drug
GI: physician of
abnormalities.
GI disturbance,
vomiting >Monitor CNS
function
EENT:
Blurring of vision >Monitor blood
levels and report
abnormal results.

>Educate about the

possible adverse
effects to be felt.

>Encourage to
verbalize feelings
and concerns.