GEC 103 REVIEWER 5.

Cultural globalization
Hafidah Buale 6. Ecological globalization
Globalization 7. Sociological globalization
 Is the process in w/c people, ideas and Global Economy - The worldwide exploitation
goods spread throughout the world, of resources and the worldwide production and
spurring more interaction and integration marketing of goods and services.
between the world's culture, governments
and economies. - The resources are being process and
 I s the process by which businesses or exported.
other organizations develop international Ex: The JEEP and the Copper
influence or start operating in an
international scale. Multinational Corporations (MNC) – Is an
 It describes the way countries and the organization that has operations in a large
people of the world interact and integrate. number of countries. They are large companies
Many things have become globalized as that are managed by professionals who do not
people come into contact. Economic own the company.
globalization is how countries are coming “MNC’s are very important as they have a lot of
together as one big global economy. influence & can provide many advantages “
Making international trade easier.
 The growth of the global economy. Refers Advantages of MNC
to any process of change operating at a 1. It creates employment.
world-wide scale and having a world-wide 2. It provides education and new skills
effect s. The whole planet is incorporated in 3. Provide investments in countries
a capitalist system production. There is also 4. Develops the industry in the country
an increasingly free flow of capital. 5. Provides equipment and capital for the host
Example of globalization: company

• NUTELLA, ingredients of this chocolate Labor intensive – need for manpower

spread gets it from different countries, Disadvantages
combined into one delicious product.
 We also have other things: computers, 1. MNC’s can use their structure to form
cellphones, TV’s, cars and the list goes on. monopolistic markets.
• Jeep, its raw material like the copper is 2. Because of their size, MNC’s put SMEs
exported to other countries as well as other (SMALL AND MEDIUM size Entrepreneurs)
raw materials wherein it comes from other out of business.
countries. 3. Multinational corporations often take
 Terrorism is also a product of globalization. advantage of the international standard of
living.
7 major types of Globalization 4. Political corruption typically rises with the
1. Financial globalization influence of a multinational corporation.
5. Multinational corporations can cause harm
2. Economic globalization to the environment
3. Technological globalization 6. Profits often go back to the multinational
company instead of staying in the local
4. Political globalization market.
7. Nothing stops a multinational company from spread to portions of the world where
importing skilled labor. exposures are minimal;
8. Multinational corporations remove raw • Tuberculosis, and other influenza strains,
materials from the local economy. and other communicable diseases could
9. Individual influences are virtually impossible produce outbreaks at epidemic levels.
to create with multinational corporations. 4. GLB could reduce social safety net
10. It creates a dependency on the business programs.
that can be unhealthy for an economy.
Social Safety Net Program – A collection of
• The sales of an MNC is as large as the services provided by the state and institutions
GROSS DOMESTIC INCOME such as friendly societies.
Disadvantages of Globalization  It includes welfare, unemployment
benefit, universal health care, right t
1. Globalization encourage more offshoring
healthcare, free education, right to
instead of less.
housing, legal aid, victim’s rights, mutual
• Meaning they can branch off to 3rd
funds, superfunds for pensioners and
World countries as many as they want to
veterans, workers compensation,
and for them 3rd World countries are
severance package, consumer
their paradise.
protection, social credit, private
• Fewer restrictions at the national level
electricity, homeless shelters, and
businesses may use offshoring to their
sometime subsided services such as
advantage.
public transport , which prevent
• Even if they kept jobs local, the threat to
individuals from falling to poverty
sending jobs to a different, cheaper
beyond a certain level.
region could be used to justify lower
5. GLB would create a new system of politics.
wages at home.
• Under globalization, politics can take
• Removal of border would mean increase
place above the state through political
in wages in the developing world and a
integration schemes such as the
decrease in a developed country.
European Union and through
2. GLB benefits the wealthy more than the
intergovernmental organizations such as
poor.
International Monetary Fund IMF , the
• People with money would see their bank
World Bank WB and the World Trade
accounts continue to rise (they invest),
Organization WTO.
• Households living paycheck-to-paycheck
6. GLB would not prevent resource
struggle to access what they would require,
consumption.
suppressing their ability to pursue better
 Goal of GLB is to equalize patterns of
jobs.
consumption for populations around the
3. GLB would encourage disease transfer.
world.
• Population centers died because of the
7. GLB would make it easier for people to
exposure to the smallpox, chickenpox
cheat.
and other diseases that other countries
8. GLB doesn’t fit lack of skills.
where somewhat immune to at that
 Programming, robotics, and artificial
time, including syphilis, and other
intelligence-future employment;
diseases a well.
 Workers skilled in automation are the
• Removal of global travel restriction
only ones who will be hired
would make malaria and tropical diseases
9. GLB changes how humans would identify  Is the study of hoe geography and
themselves. economics have influence on politics and on
 People will identify themselves as based the relations between the nations;
on their history.  At the level of international relations,
geopolitics is a method of studying foreign
Eg. When Texas came into the U.S after
policy to understand, explain and predict
being an independent nation. Some Texans
international political behavior through
label themselves as such first, but many sees
geographical behaviors. These includes area
themselves as an American before being a
studies, climate, topography, demography,
Texan.
natural resources, and applied science of the
10. GLB would negatively impact the region being evaluated.
environment  It focuses on political power linked to
 Greenhouse gas emission rose in 2018 geographic status. In particular, territorial
despite efforts to curtail them. waters and land territory in correlation with
diplomatic history.
 Topic of geopolitics includes relations
Effects of Globalization at a Personal Level between the interest of international
political actors and interests focused within
• The effects of Glb depends on the
an area, a space or a geographical element;
location, education and income.
relations which create geographical system.
• It’s effects may be positive and negative
West Philippine Sea
BUT like Atty. Feli said it depends on the
income, location and education  Refers to any portions of the South China
Sea particularly parts of the sea which the
• Affects both standard and quality of life
Philippine government claims to be part of
1. Standard of Living- Refers to the living the country’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ).
of wealth comfort of material goods and  Is the official designation of the Philippine
necessities available to a socioeconomic class government of eastern parts of the South
and a certain geographic area. China Sea which are included in the
Philippine’s EEZ.
Ex. TV, Refrigerator, AC
 This term is also sometimes used to refers as
2. Quality of Living-Is the degree to which South China Sea, as a whole.
a person enjoys the important possibilities of  12 NM from the baseline = Territorial
his life. waters
 24 NM from the baseline = Continental
Ex. Improve roads and transportation, easy
Shelf
access for online job, devices and other stuff
 200 NM from the baseline = Exclusive
shop online,
economic zone
 Stiff competition for job opportunities
 Increased of lifestyle diseases
GEOPOLITICS
 Is a study of the influence of such factors as
geography, economy, and demography on
the politics and especially the foreign policy
of a state.
Claimants:
1. Brunei
2. People of Republic China (PRC) and
Republic of China (Taiwan)
3. Indonesia
4. Philippines
5. Vietnam
6. Malaysia
 The disputes include Islands, reefs,
banks, and other portions of South China
Sea including the:
1. Spratley Islands
2. Parcel Islands
3. Scarborough Shoal
4. And various boundaries of Gulf of
Tonkin
UNCLOS = United Nations Convention for the
Law of the Sea
2 bases of UNCLOS
1. Historical right
2. Legal title
Tomas Cloma
 Actual occupation
 Constructive occupation