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Pediculosis: Pubis (Pubic Louse)

Pediculosis, or head lice, is caused by infestation with the human head louse Pediculus humanus. It spreads through direct head-to-head contact or sharing clothing or personal items. Symptoms include itching and scratching of the scalp and neck. Diagnosis is made by finding lice or eggs on the hair. Treatment involves medicated shampoos or creams. Prevention focuses on avoiding head contact and laundering items exposed to infested individuals.

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christian quiaoit
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270 views

Pediculosis: Pubis (Pubic Louse)

Pediculosis, or head lice, is caused by infestation with the human head louse Pediculus humanus. It spreads through direct head-to-head contact or sharing clothing or personal items. Symptoms include itching and scratching of the scalp and neck. Diagnosis is made by finding lice or eggs on the hair. Treatment involves medicated shampoos or creams. Prevention focuses on avoiding head contact and laundering items exposed to infested individuals.

Uploaded by

christian quiaoit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pediculosis

 Pediculosis is an infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with the eggs, larvae or
adults of lice. The crawling stages of this insect feed on human blood, which can result in severe
itching. Head lice are usually located on the scalp, crab lice in the pubic area and body lice along
seams of clothing. Body lice travel to the skin to feed and return back to the clothing.

Causative Agent
 Pediculosis is infestation with the human head-and-body louse, Pediculus humanus. There are
three subspecies, the head louse (P. h. capitis) , the body louse (P. h. humanus) and the P
pubis (pubic louse).

Mode of Transmission
 The main mode of transmission of head lice is contact with a person who is already infested (i.e.,
head-to-head contact). Contact is common during play (sports activities, playgrounds, at camp,
and slumber parties) at school and at home.
 For both head lice and body lice, transmission can occur during direct contact with an infested
individual. Sharing of clothing and combs or brushes may also result in transmission of these
insects. While other means are possible, crab lice are most often transmitted through sexual
contact.

Incubation Period
  P. capitis: 8 days.
 P. corporis: 6-10days.
 P. pubis: 6 - 8 days

Signs and Symptoms


 the first indication of an infestation is the itching or scratching in the area of the body where the
lice feed.
 Scratching at the back of the head or around the ears should lead to an examination for head louse
eggs (nits) on the hair
 Itching around the genital area should lead to an examination for crab lice or their eggs.
 Scratching can be sufficiently intense to result in secondary bacterial infection in these areas.

Diagnostic Procedure
 The diagnosis of pediculosis is best made by finding a live nymph or adult louse on the scalp or
in the hair of a person. Finding numerous nits within 6 mm of the scalp is highly suggestive of
active infestation. Finding nits only more than 6 mm from the scalp is only indicative of
previous infestation.

Treatment modalities
 Medicated shampoos or cream rinses containing pyrethrins or permethrin
 oral ivermectin effectively treats lice with two doses, eight days apart. This drug is typically
used to treat infestations that haven't responded to other treatments.
 Malathion (Ovide) is a prescription medication that you apply to your hair and then rub into
your hair and scalp
 Benzyl alcohol lotion (Ulesfia) is a prescription treatment that you apply to the scalp and hair
for 10 minutes and then rinse off with water

Prevention
 Physical contact with infested individuals and their belongings, especially clothing, headgear
and bedding, should be avoided.
 Health education on the life history of lice, proper treatment and the importance of laundering
clothing and bedding in hot water or dry cleaning to destroy lice and eggs is extremely
valuable.
 Regular direct inspection of children for head lice, and when indicated, of body and clothing,
particularly of children in schools, institutions, nursing homes and summer camps, is
important.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)


 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.
 Coronaviruses are a group of viruses belonging to the family of Coronaviridae, which infect both
animals and humans.
 Human coronaviruses can cause mild disease similar to a common cold, while others cause more
severe disease (such as MERS - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and SARS – Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome).
 Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness
and recover without requiring special treatment. 
 Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.

Causative Agent
 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Mode of transmission
 The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small
droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking.
 After breathing out produces these droplets, they usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather
than remain in the air over long distances.
 People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their
eyes, nose, or mouth. The virus can survive on surfaces for up to 72 hours

Incubation Period- Most estimates of the incubation period for COVID-19 range from 1-14 days, most
commonly around five days

Period of Communicability- It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of
symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease

Signs and Symptoms


 Common symptoms include:
o fever
o tiredness
o dry cough.
 Other symptoms include:
o shortness of breath
o aches and pains
o sore throat
o and very few people will report diarrhea, nausea or a runny nose.

Diagnostic Procedure
 The standard method of testing is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-
PCR)
o The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a nasopharyngeal swab;
o nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used
 Blood tests can be used, but these require two blood samples taken two weeks apart
 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect infection by the virus
  antibody tests (which may detect active infections and whether a person had been infected in the
past) were in development, but not yet widely used
 Swab test- A health care provider will use a special swab to take a sample from your nose or
throat.
 Nasal aspirate-A health care provider will inject a saline solution into your nose, then remove the
sample with gentle suction.
 Tracheal aspirate- A health care provider will put a thin, lighted tube called a bronchoscope down
your mouth and into your lungs, where a sample will be collected.
 Sputum test-Sputum is a thick mucus that is coughed up from the lungs. You may be asked to
cough up sputum into a special cup, or a special swab may be used to take a sample from your
nose.
Treatment Modalities
 There is no specific vaccine and medications for Covid-19,  there are many ongoing clinical trials
evaluating potential treatments.
Prevention
 Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, or clean them with alcohol-based hand rub.
 Maintain at least 1 metre distance between you and people coughing or sneezing.
 Avoid touching your face.
 Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
 Stay home if you feel unwell.
 Refrain from smoking and other activities that weaken the lungs.
 Practice physical distancing by avoiding unnecessary travel and staying away from large groups of
people.

Nursing Management
 Place patient in an isolated room
 Close monitoring to the patient
 Instruct the patient to report unnecessary symptoms
 Always perform handwashing
 Don PPE at all times

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