108 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS [CHAP.

4.108 A simple steam power plant, shown schematically in Fig. 4-45, operates on 8 kg=s of steam. Losses in the
connecting pipes and through the various components are to be neglected. Calculate (a) the power output of
the turbine, (b) the power needed to operate the pump, (c) the velocity in the pump exit pipe, (d) the heat
transfer rate necessary in the boiler, (e) the heat transfer rate realized in the condenser, (f ) the mass flux of
cooling water required, and (g) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Fig. 4-45

4.109 A feed water heater is used to preheat water before it enters a boiler, as shown schematically in Fig. 4-46. A mass
flux of 30 kg=s flows through the system and 7 kg=s is withdrawn from the turbine for the feed water heater.
Neglecting losses through the various pipes and components determine (a) the feed water heater outlet tempera-
ture, (b) the boiler heat transfer rate, (c) the turbine power output, (d) the total pump power required, (e) the
energy rejected by the condenser, (f ) the cooling water mass flux, and (g) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Fig. 4-46

4.110 A turbine is required to provide a total output of 100 hp. The mass flux of fuel is negligible compared with
the mass flux of air. The exhaust gases can be assumed to behave as air. If the compressor and turbine
(Fig. 4-47) are assumed adiabatic, calculate the following, neglecting all losses: (a) the mass flux of the air,
(b) the horsepower required by the compressor, and (c) the power supplied by the fuel.

4.111 A steam line containing superheated steam at 1000 psia and 1200 F is connected to a 50-ft3 evacuated
insulated tank by a small line with a valve. The valve is closed when the pressure in the tank just reaches 800
psia. Calculate (a) the final temperature in the tank and (b) the mass of steam that entered the tank.

4.112 Air is contained in a 3-m3 tank at 250 kPa and 25 C. Heat is added to the tank as the air escapes, thereby
maintaining the temperature constant at 25 C. How much heat is required if the air escapes until the final
pressure is atmospheric? Assume Patm = 80 kPa.
CHAP. 4] THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 109

Fig. 4-47

4.113 An air line carries air at 800 kPa (Fig. 4-48). An insulated tank initially contains 20 C air at atmospheric
pressure of 90 kPa. The valve is opened and air flows into the tank. Determine the final temperature of the
air in the tank and the mass of air that enters the tank if the valve is left open.

Fig. 4-48

4.114 An insulated tank is evacuated. Air from the atmosphere at 12 psia and 70 F is allowed to flow into the
100-ft3 tank. Calculate (a) the final temperature and (b) the final mass of air in the tank just after the flow
ceases.

4.115 (a) An insulated tank contains pressurized air at 2000 kPa and 30 C. The air is allowed to escape to the
atmosphere (Patm = 95 kPa, Tatm = 30 C) until the flow ceases. Determine the final temperature in the tank.
(b) Eventually, the air in the tank will reach atmospheric temperature. If a valve was closed after the initial
flow ceased, calculate the pressure that is eventually reached in the tank.

4.116 An insulated tank with a volume of 4 m3 is pressurized to 800 kPa at a temperature of 30 C. An automatic
valve allows the air to leave at a constant rate of 0.02 kg/s. (a) What is the temperature after 5 min? (b) What
is the pressure after 5 min? (c) How long will it take for the temperature to drop to − 20 C?

4.117 A tank with a volume of 2 m3 contains 90 percent liquid water and 10 percent water vapor by volume at 100 kPa.
Heat is transferred to the tank at 10 kJ/min. A relief valve attached to the top of the tank allows vapor to
discharge when the gage pressure reaches 600 kPa. The pressure is maintained at that value as more heat is
transferred. (a) What is the temperature in the tank at the instant the relief valve opens? (b) How much mass is
discharged when the tank contains 50 percent vapor by volume? (c) How long does it take for the tank to contain
75 percent vapor by volume?
110 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS [CHAP. 4

Review Questions for the FE Examination

4.1FE Select a correct statement of the first law if kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
(A) Heat transfer equals work for a process.
(B) Net heat transfer equals net work for a cycle.
(C) Net heat transfer minus net work equals internal energy change for a cycle.
(D) Heat transfer minus work equals internal energy for a process.

4.2FE Select the incorrect statement of the first law if kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
(A) Heat transfer equals internal energy change for a process.
(B) Heat transfer and work have the same magnitude for a constant-volume quasiequilibrium process in
which the internal energy remains constant.
(C) The total energy input must equal the total work output for an engine operating on a cycle.
(D) The internal energy change plus the work must equal zero for an adiabatic quasiequilibrium process.

4.3FE Ten kilograms of hydrogen is contained in a rigid, insulated tank at 20 C. Estimate the final temperature if
a 400-W resistance heater operates in the hydrogen for 40 minutes.
(A) 116 C
(B) 84 C
(C) 29 C
(D) 27 C

4.4FE Saturated water vapor at 400 kPa is heated in a rigid volume until T2 = 400 C. The heat transfer is nearest:
(A) 407 kJ/kg
(B) 508 kJ/kg
(C) 604 kJ/kg
(D) 702 kJ/kg

4.5FE Find the work needed to compress 2 kg of air in an insulated cylinder from 100 kPa to 600 kPa if
T1 = 20 C.
(A) − 469 kJ
(B) − 390 kJ
(C) − 280 kJ
(D) − 220 kJ

4.6FE Find the temperature rise after 5 minutes in the

volume of Fig. 4-49.
(A) 423 C
(B) 378 C
(C) 313 C
(D) 287 C

4.7FE One kilogram of air is compressed at T = 100 C

until V1 = 2V2 . How much heat is rejected?
(A) 42 kJ
(B) 53 kJ
(C) 67 kJ Fig. 4-49
(D) 74 kJ

4.8FE Energy is added to 5 kg of air with a paddle wheel until T = 100 C. Find the paddle wheel work if the
rigid volume is insulated.
(A) 524 kJ
(B) 482 kJ
(C) 412 kJ
(D) 358 kJ
CHAP. 4] THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 111

4.9FE Initially P1 = 400 kPa and T1 = 400 C, as shown in Fig. 4-50.

What is T2 when the frictionless piston hits the stops?
(A) 315 C
(B) 316 C
(C) 317 C
(D) 318 C

4.10FE What heat is released during the process of Question 4.9FE?

(A) 190 kJ Fig. 4-50
(B) 185 kJ
(C) 180 kJ
(D) 175 kJ

4.11FE After the piston of Fig. 4-50 hits the stops, how much additional heat is released before P3 = 100 kPa?
(A) 1580 kJ
(B) 1260 kJ
(C) 930 kJ
(D) 730 kJ

4.12FE The pressure of 10 kg of air is increased isothermally at 60 C from 100 kPa to 800 kPa. Estimate the
rejected heat.
(A) 1290 kJ
(B) 1610 kJ
(C) 1810 kJ
(D) 1990 kJ

4.13FE Saturated water is heated at constant pressure of 400 kPa until T2 = 400 C. Estimate the heat
removal.
(A) 2070 kJ/kg
(B) 2370 kJ/kg
(C) 2670 kJ/kg
(D) 2870 kJ/kg

4.14FE One kilogram of steam in a cylinder requires 170 kJ of heat transfer while the pressure remains constant
at 1 MPa. Estimate the temperature T2 if T1 = 320 C.
(A) 420 C
(B) 410 C
(C) 400 C
(D) 390 C

4.15FE Estimate the work required for the process of Question 4.14FE.
(A) 89 kJ
(B) 85 kJ
(C) 45 kJ
(D) 39 kJ

4.16FE The pressure of steam at 400 C and u = 2949 kJkg is nearest:

(A) 2000 kPa
(B) 1900 kPa
(C) 1800 kPa
(D) 1700 kPa

4.17FE The enthalpy of steam at P = 500 kPa and v = 0:7 m3 /kg is nearest:
(A) 3480 kJ/kg
(B) 3470 kJ/kg
(C) 3460 kJ/kg
(D) 3450 kJ/kg
112 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS [CHAP. 4

4.18FE Estimate Cp for steam at 4 MPa and 350 C.

(A) 2.48 kJ/kg C
(B) 2.71 kJ/kg C
(C) 2.53 kJ/kg C
(D) 2.31 kJ/kg C

4.19FE Methane is heated at constant pressure of 200 kPa from 0 C to 300 C. How much heat is needed?
(A) 731 kJ/kg
(B) 692 kJ/kg
(C) 676 kJ/kg
(D) 623 kJ/kg

4.20FE Estimate the equilibrium temperature if 20 kg of copper at 0 C and 10 L of water at 30 C are placed in an
insulated container.
(A) 27.2 C
(B) 25.4 C
(C) 22.4 C
(D) 20.3 C

4.21FE Estimate the equilibrium temperature if 10 kg of ice at 0 C is mixed with 60 kg of water at 20 C in an

insulated container.
(A) 12 C
(B) 5.8 C
(C) 2.1 C
(D) 1.1 C

4.22FE The table shows a three-process cycle; determine c. Process Q W U

(A) 140
(B) 100 1!2 100 a 0
(C) 80 2!3 b 60 40
(D) 40
3!1 40 c d
4.23FE Find w1 − 2 for the process of Fig. 4-51.
(A) 219 kJ/kg
(B) 166 kJ/kg
(C) 113 kJ/kg
(D) 53 kJ/kg

4.24FE Find w3 − 1 for the process of Fig. 4-51.

(A) − 219 kJ/kg
(B) − 166 kJ/kg
(C) − 113 kJ/kg
(D) − 53 kJ/kg

4.25FE Find qcycle for the processes of Fig. 4-51.

(A) 219 kJ/kg
(B) 166 kJ/kg
(C) 113 kJ/kg
(D) 53 kJ/kg Fig. 4-51

4.26FE Clothes are hung on a clothesline to dry on a freezing winter day. The clothes dry due to:
(A) sublimation
(B) evaporation
(C) vaporization
(D) melting