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Presentation HVAC

This document provides an overview of HVAC systems, including: - Introduction to HVAC systems and their purpose of controlling temperature, moisture, air movement, and quality. - HVAC heat load calculation, which determines equipment size based on factors like building area, occupancy, weather, and insulation. - Common HVAC equipment like air conditioners, heat pumps, chillers, cooling towers, air handlers, ducts, and pumps. - HVAC piping systems including two-pipe and four-pipe layouts. - Air distribution components like ducts, grilles, dampers, and filters. - Specialized systems like ventilation, dehumidification, and those

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Misty
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310 views

Presentation HVAC

This document provides an overview of HVAC systems, including: - Introduction to HVAC systems and their purpose of controlling temperature, moisture, air movement, and quality. - HVAC heat load calculation, which determines equipment size based on factors like building area, occupancy, weather, and insulation. - Common HVAC equipment like air conditioners, heat pumps, chillers, cooling towers, air handlers, ducts, and pumps. - HVAC piping systems including two-pipe and four-pipe layouts. - Air distribution components like ducts, grilles, dampers, and filters. - Specialized systems like ventilation, dehumidification, and those

Uploaded by

Misty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HVAC Systems

1. Introduction to HVAC Systems


2. HVAC Heat Load Calculation
3. HVAC System Equipment
4. HVAC Piping System
5. HVAC Air Distribution Equipments
6. Ventilation System
7. Green Building
8. HVAC Codes
Introduction to HVAC Systems

 HVAC – Heating Ventilation and


Airconditioning
 Control of Air Temperature
 Control of Moisture Content in the
Air
 Proper air movement
 Control air contamination within
acceptable limits
Introduction to HVAC Systems
What is One TR?

1 TR is amount of heat to be extracted from the atmosphere for melting one


metric ton of ice within 24 hours

1 TR of refrigeration equal to 12000 BTU/hr or 3025 Kcal/hr


Heat Load Calculation

 Space to be Air-Conditioning or Heating


 Area of Space
 Use of Space or Building Type
 Orientation of the building
 Ambient Conditions/ Location of the building
 Inside design conditions
 Construction material
Heat Load Calculation

 Glass/ wall area exposed to Sun


 Occupancy type and density
 Lighting density
 Equipment load density
 Fresh Air requirement/ IAQ
 Infiltration Air
 Ceiling Height
Heat Load Calculation
(Sample)

HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS


JOB NAME: Project Sheet No. 1
AREA Room Floor
Prepared By Name Ht. (ft) 10 4
SIZE: 300 Sq ft 3000 cu ft Estimate for: SUMMER
SOLAR GAIN GLASS HEAT GAIN CONDITION DB (°F) WB (°F) % RH DP (°F) GR/LB
ITEM Area Sun Gain Factor Btu/hour OUTSIDE 110 75 20 75
(Sq ft) (Btu/h.sq ft) ROOM 75 55 71
N - Glass 70 14 0.56 549 DIFFERENCE 35 XXXX XXXX XXXX 4
NE - Glass 0 12 0.56 0
E -GLASS 0 12 0.56 0
SE - Glass 0 12 0.56 0
S - Glass 0 12 0.56 0
SW - Glass 0 100 0.56 0
W - Glass 0 160 0.56 0
NW - Glass 0 120 0.56 0 EFF. SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR (ESHF) = 0.98
Sky light 0 Indicated ADP = °F
SOLAR & TRANS. GAIN WALLS & ROOF Selected ADP = 54.0 °F
ITEM Area Eq. temp. diff. U 'Dehum. temp rise = 18.48 °F
(Sq ft) (°F) (Btu/h.sq ft) DEHUMIDIFIED CFM 845
N - Wall 20 35 0.36 252 AS PER REQD. AIR CHANGES
NE - Wall 0 35 0.36 0 'Min. Air Changes/ hr=
E - Wall 0 35 0.36 0 'Min. cfm reqd. = 0
SE - Wall 0 35 0.36 0
Heat Load Calculation
(Sample)

S - Wall 0 35 0.36 0
SW - Wall 0 45 0.36 0
W - Wall 0 50 0.36 0
NW - Wall 0 45 0.36 0
Roof Sun 0 60 0.12 0
Roof Shaded 0 35 0.12 0 NOTES
TRANS. GAIN EXCEPT WALLS & ROOF Occupancy Given
ITEM Area Temp. diff. U (Sqrft/person)
(Sq ft) (°F) (Btu/h.sq ft) (FRESH AIR) cfm
All Glass 70 35 1.1 2695 (cfm/person) 0.0
Partition glass 0 30 1.1 0 LIGHTING LOAD 1
Partition wall 170 30 0.4 2040 (W/sq. ft)
Ceiling 0 10 0.4 0 Equipment load= 4
Floor 300 30 0.4 3600 (watt/sq.ft)
INTERNAL HEAT GAIN
People 2 Nos X 245 490
Light 300 W X 1.25 3.412 1280
Eq. Load 1200 W 3.412 4094
ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (RSH) 15000
Supply duct heat Supply duct Heat gain 7.5 1125
gain + leak. loss + from fan
HP(%)
Safety factor (%) 5.0 750
Heat Load Calculation
(Sample)
OUTSIDE & INFILTRATED AIR
CFM °F BF FACTOR
0 35 0.12 1.08 0
EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (ERSH) 16875
LATENT HEAT
People 2 Nos X 205 410
OUTSIDE & INFILTRATED AIR
CFM GR/LB BF FACTOR
0 4 0.12 0.68 0
ROOM LATENT HEAT (RLH) 410
Supply duct leakage loss + Safety factor % 5.0 21
EFFECTIVE ROOM LATENT HEAT (ERLH) 431
EFFECTIVE ROOM TOTAL HEAT (ERTH) 17305
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT (SENSIBLE)
CFM °F 1 - BF FACTOR
0 35 0.88 1.08 0 Summmary
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT (LATENT) CHECK FIGURES Summer TR= 1.49
CFM GR/LB 1 - BF FACTOR Btu/h/ Sq ft = 59.4
0 4 0.88 0.68 0 CFM / Sq ft = 2.82 Deh. CFM= 845
HEAT SUB TOTAL 17305 Sq ft / TR = 202 CFM(ACPH)= 0
Return duct heat HP Pump + Dehum. & 3.0 519
gain & leak. loss Pipe loss CFM/ TR = 569
+ TONS 1.49 (%)
GRAND TOTAL HEAT17824
Software used

 Hourly Analysis Programme (HAP)


 E-20 Sheet.
HVAC System Equipments
 Window AC

 Split AC
HVAC System Equipments
 Multi Split AC

 VRV System
HVAC System Equipments
 WCCU

 Packaged Units
HVAC System Equipments
 Heat Pumps
HVAC System Equipments
 Central AC Plant

2. Air Cooled Chillers


HVAC System Equipments
 Type of Chillers

 Water Cooled Chillers

 Air Cooled Chillers

 2. Air Cooled Chillers


HVAC System Equipments
 Type of Compressors

 Scroll Compressor- 3 TR- 90 TR


 Reciprocating – 30 TR- 200 TR
 Screw – 60 TR – 450 TR
 Centrifugal Compressor – 300 TR-2500 TR
HVAC System Equipments
 Refrigeration Technologies

 Vapour Compression
HVAC System Equipments
 Refrigeration Technologies

Vapour Absorption
HVAC System Equipments

 Vapour Absorption Machine (VAM)


 Vapour Absorption Machine (VAM)

 Operate on DG Sets exhaust

 Diesel Fired

 Operate on CNG
HVAC System Equipments
 Cooling Towers

1. Natural Draft

2. Forced Draft

3. Induced Draft
HVAC System Equipments
 Low Side Equipments

1. Fan Coil Units

2. Air Handling Units


HVAC System Equipments
 Type of AHUs

1. Ceiling Suspended

2. Floor Mounted
HVAC System Equipments
 Special type AHUs
HVAC System Equipments
 PUMPS

 Monoblock Pumps

2. Vertical Split casing Pumps

3. Horizontal Split Casing

4. Inline Pumps
HVAC Piping System
1. Two Pipe System

2. Four Piping System


HVAC Air Distribution
1. Ducts – Carrier of cold air to the space
2. Insulation – To prevent loses of heat/ gain of heat
3. Grilles/ Diffusers – Proper distribution of air into the
space
4. Control Damper – Fixed adjustment of volume of air
5. Filters – To eliminate the particles of predetermine
dimension and/ or micro-organism
6. Silencer – To reduce noise caused by air circulation
7. Louver – To prevent insects, dirt, leaves etc. into the
space
HVAC Air Distribution
1. Factory Fabricated Ducts

2. Site Fabrication
HEPA or tertiaary filter

Primary panel
filter

Secondary
filter
Duct heaters Room Heters

Silencers
Volume control damper

Fire Dampers

Adsorber wheel Dry air


Humid room air AHU with fan
Variable Speed
Controller

Regeneration air Humid room air


Filter Pressure
Gauges
Air heater

De-humidification
HVAC Air Distribution Equipments
 Diffusers

4 Way Diffusers Two Way Diffusers One Way Diffuser

Round Diffusers
 Return / Exhaust Grilles
Ventilation System

 Kitchen
 Car Parking
 Industries/ Factories
 Pharmaceuticals Industries
 Toilets
 Services/ Mechanical Rooms
Ventilation System

 Common types of fans


 Centrifugal fans:
Radial, Forward curved, Backward curved, Roof
ventilator
 Axial fans:
Propeller, Tube-axial, Vane-axial
 Fan arrangements
 Motor location, air discharge orientation, drive train
type (direct drive or pulley drive)
 Centrifugal: single width single inlet (SISW), double
width double inlet (DWDI)
CENTRIFUGAL FANS AXIAL FANS

Centrifugal and axial fan components


AXIAL FANS

Propeller Tube-axial

Tube-vane
CENTRIFUGAL FANS

Tubular centrifugal fan Centrifugal roof ventilator


Single- and double-width centrifugal fans
Green Building

 Approx. 50% power consume by HVAC


 Various techniques introduce to reduce
power consumption of HVAC system
1. Low-e Glass specification
2. Wall Insulation
3. Roof Insulation
4. IAQ
5. VFDs for Fans and Pumps
6. Heat Recovery Wheel
7. Zonal Pumping System
8. Low LPD (Lighting power density)
9. Natural Ventilation
10. Energy Efficient equipments
Green Building

 Other Techniques

1. Solar Lighting
2. Solar Hot water
3. Natural Lighting
4. Low flow water fixtures
5. Zero discharge complex
6. Geothermal Energy
7. District Cooling system
8. STP/ ETP
Green Building

 Geothermal Energy

 District Cooling System


Green Building

 Heat Recovery Unit

 Natural Ventilation
HVAC Codes

 ASHRAE
 ISHRAE
 NFPA
 NBC-2005
 SMACNA
end

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