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CL 253, Tutorial 1 (August 2009) (Note: Answers Are Given in The Square Brackets)

1. The document provides solutions to 22 problems involving thermodynamic processes and calculations. Problem 3 involves calculating the work done when air expands and a piston drops. The work done is -0.0245 kJ. 2. Problem 11 calculates the total heat transfer needed to heat air in a cylinder, causing a piston to rise and spill water out. The required heat transfer is 220.7 kJ. 3. Problem 20 involves calculating the temperature of air supplied to a cylinder undergoing isobaric expansion, given the initial and final conditions of the air in the cylinder. The temperature of the supplied air is calculated to be 210°C.

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127 views

CL 253, Tutorial 1 (August 2009) (Note: Answers Are Given in The Square Brackets)

1. The document provides solutions to 22 problems involving thermodynamic processes and calculations. Problem 3 involves calculating the work done when air expands and a piston drops. The work done is -0.0245 kJ. 2. Problem 11 calculates the total heat transfer needed to heat air in a cylinder, causing a piston to rise and spill water out. The required heat transfer is 220.7 kJ. 3. Problem 20 involves calculating the temperature of air supplied to a cylinder undergoing isobaric expansion, given the initial and final conditions of the air in the cylinder. The temperature of the supplied air is calculated to be 210°C.

Uploaded by

Vignesh Raja P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CL 253, Tutorial 1 (August 2009)

(Note: Answers are given in the square brackets)


1. 2.5 kJ of work must be delivered isobarically on a rod from a piston/cylinder containing air at at 500 kPa.
What is value of diameter cylinder needed to restrict the rod motion to maximum 0.5 m? [0.113 m]
2. A gas initially at 1 MPa, 500°C is contained in a piston-cylinder arrangement of initial volume of 0.1 m3.
The gas expanded isothermally to a final pressure of 100 kPa. Determine the work. [230.3 kJ]
3. A cylinder has 0.1 kg air at 250C, 200 kPa with a 5 kg piston on top. A valve at the bottom is opened to
let the air out and the piston drops 0.25 m towards the bottom. What is the work involved in this process?
What happens to the energy? [W = -0.0245 kJ]

Problem 3
4. A chiller cools liquid water (sp. Ht = 4.2 J/gmK) for air-conditioning purposes. Assume 2.5 kg/s water at
20oC and 100 kPa is cooled to 5oC in a chiller. How much heat transfer (kW) is needed? [156.75 kW]
5. Helium gas expands from 125 kPa, 350 K and 0.25 m3 to 100 kPa in a polytropic process with γ = 1.667.
How much work does it give out? [4.09 kJ]
6. For the following conditions of water determine the state: (i) T=60C; V=5000cm3/gm (ii) T=60C;
V=10000cm3/gm (iii) T=80C; V=0.5cm3/gm (iv) T=90C; P= 200kPa (v) P = 100 kPa, T = 150C (vi) U =
2000kJ /kg, T=40C (vii) U = 2500kJ /kg, T=70C (viii) U = 3000kJ /kg, V=240cm3/gm (ix) H = 3500kJ
/kg, V=240cm3/gm (x) H = 3300kJ /kg, P=1300kPa. (Use P-V diagrams to arrive at the answer).
7. A piston-cylinder assembly contains 0.1 kg wet steam of quality 0.75 (X) at 100 kPa. If 150 kJ energy is
added as heat while the pressure of the steam is held constant determine the final state of steam and work
done by the steam. [State of steam: Superheated; W = 25.567 kJ]
8. In a particular engine cylinder one mole of an ideal gas (γ=1.4) is compressed from 25oC and 0.1 MPa till
its volume is reduced to 1/12 of the original value. The process of compression can be approximated to
follow the relation PV1.25 = constant. Determine the work and heat interactions. Also calculate the final
temperature and pressure of the gas. [T2 = 554.7 K, Q = -3.201 kJ]
9. An adiabatic compressor operating under steady-state conditions receives air (ideal gas) at 0.1 MPa and
300 K and discharges at 1 MPa. If the flow rate of air through the compressor is 2 mol/s, determine the
power consumption of the compressor. [16.25 kW]
10. A rigid and insulated tank of 2 m3 capacity is divided into two equal compartments by a partition. One
compartment contains an ideal gas at 600 K and 1 MPa while the second compartment contains the same
gas at 300 K and 0.1 MPa. Determine the final temperature and pressure of the gas in the tank if the
partition gets punctured. Assume γ=1.4 for the gas. [Tf = 550 K, Pf = 0.55 MPa]
11. A 10 m high cylinder, cross-sectional area 0.1 m2, has a mass less piston at the bottom with water at 20°C
on top of it, shown in figure. Air at 300 K, volume 0.3 m3, under the piston is heated so that the piston
moves up, spilling all the water out. Find the total heat transfer to the air needed. [220.7 kJ]

Problem 11
12. A piston/cylinder contains 0.001 m3 air at 300 K, 150 kPa. The air is now compressed in a process in
which PV12.5 = C to a final pressure of 600 kPa. Find the work performed by the air and the heat transfer.
[W = -0.192 kJ, Q = -0.072 kJ]

1
13. A nozzle receives 0.1 kg/s steam at 1 MPa, 400oC with negligible velocity. The exit is at 500 kPa, 350oC
and the flow is adiabatic. Find the nozzle exit velocity and the exit area. [ue = 438.7 m/s, A = 1.3 cm2]
14. A diffuser has air entering at 100 kPa, 300 K, with a velocity of 200 m/s. The inlet cross-sectional area of
the diffuser is 100 mm2. At the exit, the area is 860 mm2, and the exit velocity is 20 m/s. Determine the
exit pressure and temperature of the air. [Pe = 123.92 kPa, Te = 319.74 K]
15. An exhaust fan in a building should be able to move 2.5 kg/s air at 98 kPa, 20oC through a 0.4 m diameter
vent hole. How high a velocity must it generate and how much power is required to do that? [V = 17.1
m/s, W = 0.366 kW]
16. Helium in a steel tank is at 250 kPa, 300 K with a volume of 0.1 m3. It is used to fill a balloon. When the
tank pressure drops to 150 kPa the flow of helium stops by itself. If all the helium still is at 300 K how
big a balloon can one get? Assume the pressure in the balloon varies linearly with volume from 100 kPa
(V = 0) to the final 150 kPa. How much heat transfer did take place? [Q = 13.334 kJ]
17. In a steam generator, compressed liquid water at 10 MPa, 30°C, enters a 30-mm diameter tube @ 3 L/s.
Steam at 9 MPa, 400°C exits a tube of same diameter. Find heat transfer rate to the water. [8973 kW]
18. An insulated tank of volume 1 m3 contains saturated steam at 1 bar. This tank is connected to a line
carrying superheated steam at 2 MPa and 3000C and filled to a pressure of 2 MPa. Determine the state
and quantity of steam in the tank at the end of the filling operation. [6.43 kg; P = 2 MPa, T = 418 0C]
19. Consider a piston-cylinder containing 0.2m3 of gas at 0.3MPa. Atmospheric pressure (0.1MPa) and an
external spring holds the piston at equilibrium initially. The gas is heated to a state P=0.6MPa, Vt=0.5m3.
Assuming ideal gas, calculate work needed and the potential energy change for the spring. [0.135MJ]
20. An insulated piston-cylinder system has air at 400kPa & 500K. Through an inlet pipe to the cylinder
air at certain temperature T(K) and pressure P (kPa) is supplied reversibly into the cylinder till the
volume of the air in the cylinder is 3 times the initial volume. The expansion occurs isobarically at
400kPa. At the end of the process the air temperature inside the cylinder is 400K. Assume ideal gas
behaviour compute the temperature of the air supplied through the inlet pipe. [910C]
21. An adiabatic air compressor takes in air at 25C and 0.1MPa and discharges at 1MPa. If the
compressor efficiency is 80% find the exit air temperature, assuming ideal gas behaviour. [372oC].
22. An insulated & evacuated tank has a piston and spring as shown in the figure; it is connected to a steam
line carrying steam at 2 MPa and 3000C. Initially the spring is just touching the piston exerting no force.
When the valve is opened steam enters the tank till the pressure rises to 2.0 MPa. Determine the state of
steam inside the tank. Chose the tank, the piston and spring as the control volume. [364 0C]

Steam: 2 MPa, 3000C

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