LEA 102

ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

LEA 102-Comparative Models in Policing

1st Semester AY 2020-2021
COURSE GUIDE
COURSE OUTCOMES
After completing this course, you should be able to:
A. determine and apply the theories and principles in law enforcement administration and
public safety. Compare and memorize the different policing systems in international
borders, including the different law enforcement agencies around the world;
B. characterize individual forensic disciplines and evaluate the methods and use of various
kinds of forensic traces or sciences in the solution of a crime in the different countries;
C. interpret the different criminal justice system in the different countries and their rules on
evidence as acquainted in the procedures of deciding cases.

COURSE OUTLINE
I.Introduction to policing
 Changing meaning of policing
 The practice of policing
 Different umbrella of governments
II. Process-led approach
 Outcome-led approach
 Community policing as a means to recover public consent
 Practicing community policing
 Police-community consultation
 Police-community collaboration
 Community policing and reassurance
 Challenges for community policing
 Policing and social cohesion
III. Transnational crime
 Comprehensive program to combat transnational organized crime under the
Office of the President
 The transnational Organized Crime Groups
IV. Model system:
 Problem-oriented policing
 Democratic policing
 Human rights policing
 Reassurance policing
 Value-based policing
 Citizen-focused policing
 Modal policing
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 Neighborhood policing
 Community oriented policing
 Types of societies
 Comparative research methods (the need for innovative policing)
V. Law enforcement models
a.Police rank of model countries
b.Types of law enforcement
c.Requirement
d.Recruitment
e. Uniform
f. Police name
g.Highest rank and lowest rank in the following countries:
 Philippines
 Columbia
 Myanmar
 Japan
 New Zealand
 Australia
 Afghanistan
 Sri Lanka
 Spain
 India
 Malaysia
 Hongkong
 Thailand
 Chile
 Pakistan
 Argentina
 Indonesia
 Brunei
 Laos
 France
 Uruguay
 Germany
 Abu Dhabi
 United Kingdom
 China
 Sudan
 Singapore
 Israel
 Brazil
 U.S.A.
VI. Brief history of Interpol
 Interpol awareness seminars
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 Interpol general overview

 Interpol use of networking and internet in general
 Interpol 194 member countries
 Some of the Leading International Police Organizations in the World
 The modernization of Police Cooperation through Interpol
VII. ASEANAPOL
 Permanent secretariat
 Executive director
 Member countries
 European Union
 International Association Police sustainable peace through justice and security
VIII. Officers in the United Nations
 The UN convention against transnational crimes
 Cases related to Human trafficking
 UN mandates on human trafficking
 Universal declaration of human rights
 The United Convention on the condition of wounded and sick in armed forces
 Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment
 ASEAN declaration on transnational crime
 Treatises wherein the UN is a party
 ICJ and UN
 International cases that were decided by the UN through its arms the ICJ
 Domestic law in the Philippines (FOIBILL)

References:
Corpuz, Rhem Rick N., PhD, Comprehensive Studies in Criminal and Jurisprudence and
Law Enforcement Administration, 2019
Garcia, Mario A. A Textbook on Comparative Police and Criminal Justice System,
Wiseman’s Books Training, Inc. 2015
Rowe, Michael Introduction to Policing, Sage Publications Inc. 2008
Cadavino, Michael and Dignan, James, Penal Systems A Comparative Approach, 2006

GRADING SYSTEM
Term Grade
Weekly Output 30%
Quizzes 30%
Major Exam 40%

Semestral Grade
Revalida 5%
Prelim+Midterm+Finals 95%
3

COURSE REQUIREMENTS
LEA 102

Weekly Output (WO)

There will be a total of 5 outputs per term which aim to enrich your understanding of the
topics recently discussed in class. These outputs may be in a form of written output (like essays,
reflections, letters), products (like drawings, images, crafts) or performances (audio or video
recordings of dance, speech, movement).
The details of each output are discussed in the Weekly Output guides made available in
the course site.

Quizzes
There are two quizzes, 50pts each, that you have to take per term. The types of tests in
the quiz may vary to assess different levels of learning.

Revalida
Revalida will be in a form of book review entries, where in you have to record your
learnings for the week on your Revalida Journal. For LEA 102, you are required to list 5
important terminologies with their comprehensive meanings and/or facts about the topics
discussed on a weekly basis, for a total of 25 items per term. Revalida journal shall be submitted
at the end of the semester.

Major Exam
You will take 3 major exams for this sem (labeled as Prelim Exam, Midterm Exam and
Final Exam). Before taking any major exam, you have to secure an exam permit first.
LEA 102

STUDY SCHEDULE

In preparing for the discussion of each topic and all the class requirements in advance, you may refer to this schedule as your guide.
However, you are highly encouraged to check our Schoology course site at least twice a week for the specific instructions and the
latest announcements, so you will be able to adjust accordingly. Please note that real-time classes will be conducted via Zoom
following your class schedule.

Learning
Week Topic Students’ Activities Teacher’s Resources
Outcome/s
Week 1 Trace the I.Introduction to A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
August 24- historical policing recorded Zoom Meeting.
29 foundations of •Changing Visual Material
policing. meaning of B. Familiarize self with course procedures,
policing guidelines, requirements. Detailed lecture of the
•The practice of lesson
policing C. Watch History of Policing Chapter I
•Different (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXDY7QY2RKM) Weekly Output 1
umbrella of
governments D. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
Kotobee Reader

E. Accomplish Weekly Output 1 (WO 1: Give at least

five (5 ) countries per umbrella of the governments
,i.e. Philippines-Democratic)

F. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry

Week 2 Define II. Process-led A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
August 31- community approach recorded Zoom Meeting.
September policing and its •Outcome-led Visual Material
5 process. approach B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
•Community Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
policing as a lesson
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means to recover C. Watch Community Policing

public consent (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKKOq4v1O0c) Weekly Output 2
•Practicing
community D.Accomplish Weekly Output 2 (WO2: Reaction Quiz 1
policing paper about the visual presentation ,significance of
•Police- community policing)
community
consultation E. Answer Quiz 1 made available at Schoology
•Police- course site
community
collaboration F. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
•Community
policing and
reassurance
•Challenges for
community
policing
•Policing and
social cohesion
Week 3 Discuss the III. Transnational A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
September different crimes crime recorded Zoom Meeting.
7-12 committed •Comprehensive Visual Material
across the program to B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
national borders. combat Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
transnational lesson
organized crime C. Watch Organized Crime and Criminal
under the Office Organizations Weekly Output 3
of the President (https://www.youtube.com/watch?
•The v=m_4VGBEcvYY)
transnational
Organized Crime D. Accomplish Weekly Output 3 (WO3: Reaction
Groups paper about the different transnational crimes in the
world)
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E. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry

Week 4 Compare and IV. Model A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
September contrast the system: recorded Zoom Meeting.
14-19 different •Problem- Visual Material
practices of oriented policing B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
police models in •Democratic Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
the world. policing lesson
•Human rights C. Watch Problem-oriented policing
policing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfG7bL_ajKE) Weekly Output 4
•Reassurance Watch Democratic Policing
policing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u49FRi45BpU) Quiz 2
•Value-based Watch Human rights and Police
policing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?
•Citizen-focused v=OdTVyB2UhgE )
policing Watch Reassurance Policing and Compstat
•Modal policing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22MYhPkjBV8
•Neighborhood )
policing Watch Expect MORE: Values Based Policing with
•Community OUPD
oriented policing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SGSSe90YGM
)
Watch Focus on Community Policing - Citizens
Police Academy
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCT9priNpXA )
Watch What is NYPD Neighborhood Policing
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NouXna0UKro
)
Watch This is What Community Oriented Policing
Looks Like
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?
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v=TqWdlDABmvo)

D. Accomplish Weekly Output 4 (WO4: Reaction

paper about the video presentation, Significance of
different model systems in the world)

E. Answer Quiz 2 made available at Schoology

course site

F. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry

Week 5 Discuss the •Types of A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
September different types societies recorded Zoom Meeting.
21-26 of societies and •Comparative Visual Material
theories of research methods B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
comparative (the need for Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
criminology. innovative lesson
policing) C.Watch Types of society in sociology
(https://www.youtube.com/watch? Weekly Output 5
v=mhkRWIVnTRQ)

D. Accomplish Weekly Output 5 (WO 5: Reaction

paper about the theories of comparative criminology
vs. Real Macoy)

E. Prepare for Prelim Major Exam

F. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry

Week 6
September Preliminary Examination Take Prelim Exam
29 –
October 3
Week 7 Compare and V. Law A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
LEA 102

October 5- contrast the enforcement recorded Zoom Meeting.

10 different law models Visual Material
enforcement a.Police rank of B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
agencies around model countries Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
the world. b.Types of law lesson
enforcement C. Accomplish Weekly Output 6 (WO 6: Recite
c.Requirement Police rank, types of law enforcement, requirement, Weekly Output 6
d.Recruitment recruitment, uniform, police name, highest rank and
e.Uniform lowest rank of Philippines, Columbia, Myanmar,
f.Police name Japan, New Zealand and Australia)
g.Highest rank
and lowest rank D. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
in the following
countries:
•Philippines
•Columbia
•Myanmar
•Japan
•New Zealand
•Australia
Week 8 Compare and V. Law A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
October contrast the enforcement recorded Zoom Meeting.
12-17 different law models Visual Material
enforcement a.Police rank of B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
agencies around model countries Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
the world. b.Types of law lesson
enforcement C. Accomplish Weekly Output 7 (WO 7: Recite
c.Requirement Police rank, types of law enforcement, requirement, Weekly Output 7
d.Recruitment recruitment, uniform, police name, highest rank and
e.Uniform lowest rank of Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Spain, India, Quiz 3
f.Police name Malaysia and Hongkong )
g.Highest rank
and lowest rank D. Answer Quiz 3 made available at Schoology
LEA 102

in the following course site

countries:
•Afghanistan E. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
•Sri Lanka
•Spain
•India
•Malaysia
•Hongkong
Week 9 Compare and V. Law A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
October contrast the enforcement recorded Zoom Meeting.
19-24 different law models Visual Material
enforcement a.Police rank of B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
agencies around model countries Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
the world. b.Types of law lesson
enforcement C. Accomplish Weekly Output 8 (WO 8: Recite
c.Requirement Police rank, types of law enforcement, requirement, Weekly Output 8
d.Recruitment recruitment, uniform, police name, highest rank and
e.Uniform lowest rank of Thailand, Chile, Pakistan, Argentina,
f.Police name Indonesia and Brunei )
g.Highest rank
and lowest rank D. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
in the following
countries:
•Thailand
•Chile
•Pakistan
•Argentina
•Indonesia
•Brunei
Week 10 Compare and V. Law A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
October contrast the enforcement recorded Zoom Meeting.
26-31 different law models Visual Material
enforcement a.Police rank of B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
LEA 102

agencies around model countries Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the

the world. b.Types of law lesson
enforcement C. Accomplish Weekly Output 9 (WO 9: Recite
c.Requirement Police rank, types of law enforcement, requirement, Weekly Output 9
d.Recruitment recruitment, uniform, police name, highest rank and
e.Uniform lowest rank of Laos, France, Uruguay, Germany, Abu
f.Police name Dhabi and United Kingdom)
g.Highest rank
and lowest rank D. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
in the following
countries:
•Laos
•France
•Uruguay
•Germany
•Abu Dhabi
• United
Kingdom
Week 11 Compare and V. Law A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
November contrast the enforcement recorded Zoom Meeting.
2-7 different law models Visual Material
enforcement a.Police rank of B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
agencies around model countries Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
the world. b.Types of law lesson
enforcement C. Accomplish Weekly Output 10 (WO 10: Recite
c.Requirement Police rank, types of law enforcement, requirement, Weekly Output 10
d.Recruitment recruitment, uniform, police name, highest rank and
e.Uniform lowest rank of China, Sudan, Singapore, Israel, Brazil Quiz 4
f.Police name and U.S.A)
g.Highest rank
and lowest rank D. Answer Quiz 4 made available at Schoology
in the following course site
countries:
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•China E. Prepare for Midterm Major Exam

•Sudan
•Singapore F. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
• Israel
•Brazil
•U.S.A.
Week 12
November Midterm Examination Take Midterm Exam
9-14

Week 13 Discuss the VI. Brief history A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
November objectives, vision, of Interpol recorded Zoom Meeting.
16-21 role and functions •Interpol Visual Material
of the awareness B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
International seminars Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
Criminal Police •Interpol lesson
Organization. general C. Watch INTERPOL - WikiVidi Documentary
overview (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fp5Mb9soKUs ) Weekly Output 11
•Interpol use of
networking and D. Accomplish Weekly Output 11 (WO 11: Role of Weekly Output 12
internet in INTERPOL in crime control )
general Quiz 5
•Interpol 194 E.Accomplish Weekly Output 12 (WO 12: List of
member recent InterPol’s Organizational structure)
countries
•Some of the F. Answer Quiz 5 made available at Schoology
Leading course site
International
Police G. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
Organizations in
the World
•The
modernization
LEA 102

of Police
Cooperation
through Interpol
Week 14 Discuss the VII. A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
November objectives and ASEANAPOL recorded Zoom Meeting.
23-28 functions of the •Permanent Visual Material
Association of secretariat B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
National Police •Executive Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
Forces of the director lesson
ASEAN Region, •Member C. Watch ASEAN explained in 5 minutes
United Nation countries (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAnfj8v5acM) Weekly Output 13
Police and •European
European Police Union D. Accomplish Weekly Output 13 (WO 13: Review
•International of ASEANAPOL accomplishments and projects for
Association the past 5 years)
Police
sustainable E. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry
peace through
justice and
security
Week 15 Enumerate and VIII. Officers in A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
November discuss the the United recorded Zoom Meeting.
30- different UN Nations Visual Material
December Conventions that •The UN B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
5 provides convention Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
guidelines in the against lesson
Global Police transnational C.Watch The United Nations Explained
Systems and crimes (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WF6g23ydyuU ) Weekly Output 14
Process •Cases related
to Human D. Accomplish Weekly Output 14(WO 14: Reaction
trafficking paper about the video presentation, Significance of
•UN mandates Unite Nations )
on human
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trafficking E. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry

•Universal
declaration of
human rights
•The United
Convention on
the condition of
wounded and
sick in armed
forces
•Convention
against torture
and other cruel,
inhuman or
degrading
treatment or
punishment
Week 16 Enumerate and •ASEAN A. Join real-time Virtual Class (Via Zoom) or watch Resource Unit
December discuss the declaration on recorded Zoom Meeting.
7-12 different UN transnational Visual Material
Conventions that crime B. Read detailed lecture of the topic using your
provides •Treatises Kotobee reader Detailed lecture of the
guidelines in the wherein the UN lesson
Global Police is a party C. Accomplish Weekly Output 15 (WO 15: Debate
Systems and •ICJ and UN about torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment Weekly Output 15
Process •International or punishment for the offenders in the Philippines
cases that were (i.e. imposition of death penalty in the Philippines) Quiz 6
decided by the
UN through its D. Answer Quiz 6 made available at Schoology
arms the ICJ course site
•Domestic law
in the E. Prepare for Final Major Exam
Philippines
LEA 102

(FOIBILL) F. Work on your Revalida Book Review Entry

Week 17
December Final Examination Take Final Examination
14-19
LEA 102

GENERAL POLICIES
A. Late submissions. You are expected to submit requirements on time. However, in some
unavoidable situations when you cannot do so, your submissions will still be accepted but
will receive mark deduction of 1 point per day late including weekends.
B. Where to submit. All are encouraged to submit all requirements online, in the proper
submission bins assigned for a particular assignment. However, in case of internet
inaccessibility, you may personally get all resources/materials from the CPDO.
Submission of outputs and taking quizzes and major exams may also be done personally
at school as scheduled and via appointment.
C. Identifying your submission.
File names (for online submission)
Make sure that all your word documents are saved as MS Word documents (.docx). If
you happen to use an Apple device (i.e. Mac), convert the pages file to MS Word. Do not
submit a PDF file unless specifically asked to do so.
Family name,First and middle name/initials-LEA 102-requirement.docx
Example: Ramizares,JH,L.-LEA 102-WO1.docx

Your submission, either online or personal, should always have a header that bears your
complete name and the name of the submission for easy referencing. You may use this
header format:
Example:
RAMIZARES, JOSEPH HANSEN L.
WO1

D. Getting in touch with your FIC. The best way to get in touch with your instructor for
personal concerns is through a message sent via course site, or any other communication
channel that is available. Do not hesitate to ask questions or communicate your concerns.
E. Learning Platforms
a. Schoology. The Learning Management System (LMS) that will be utilized in this
course is Schoology. All materials, resources, assignments and assessments will be made
available in the Schoology course site. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself
with the system.
b. Zoom. Real-time classes shall be conducted using Zoom. Invitation links for Zoom
Meetings shall be provided in the course site and other communication channels. You are
highly encouraged to join and participate in this virtual class as scheduled. Attendance
shall be checked and monitored.
c. Kotobee Reader. Some materials like lectures and other discussions shall be made
available in different e-book formats. These shall be uploaded in the course site, which
you may download and read offline using your Kotobee Reader, although other e-book
readers may also work just fine.