Questions: 1 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. 1) What is the principal argument that the author is making in
Choose the best answer for each ques on. this passage?

Evolu on is a fascina ng field but can be rife with Seemingly obscure and useless traits of creatures actually
misunderstanding. One misconcep on is that evolu on has some have a reason or explana on that es in with evolu on.
innate sense of direc on or purpose. In reality, evolu on is a
None of the biological traits and characteris cs of humans
mindless, plan-free phenomenon, driven into endless possibili es
and animals have a basis in func onal adapta on or
by random muta ons, the most successful of which win out. ….
evolu on.
There are some areas of evolu onary biology where benefits are
murkier and, in some instances, where traits seem to make no Sexual selec on may have had a much larger role to play in
sense at all. As important as the concept of survival of the fi est is the evolu onary process than was earlier believed.
to evolu on, there are many examples that seem to undermine
Some of the physical or biological traits like the ‘chin’ are
this idea. In fact, various aspects of evolu onary biology may seem
merely quirks that exist for their own sake.
counterintui ve and could even be seen as a reason to reject
evolu on as a whole. …
Video Explana on:


Many species invest heavily in camouflage and other means of
blending into the surroundings to avoid predators. So the physically
Explana on:


heavy and downright ostenta ous plumage of birds of paradise,
peacocks and many other birds seems like a clear invita on to be
eaten. But crucially they help these birds pass on their genes The argument the author presents is that traits which
because they increase their chances of a rac ng a mate. This is currently seem counterintui ve or redundant in living
what’s known as sexual selec on at its finest. It strengthens the creatures, actually have a basis in evolu on - examples in
theory of evolu on in that these seemingly weaker individuals are the passage include the a en on seeking feathers of birds
actually showing how well they can do in the face of adversity. It’s
that a ract mates, the human chin that has carried over
the evolu onary equivalent of using a pre y over-confident da ng
profile to impress poten al partners. from larger muscles and jaws for intensive chewing, etc.
These examples help the author make arguments that “…
When an anatomical structure appears frankly inept, it is probably strengthen(s) the theory of evolu on in that these
a ves gial trait. This is a feature that no longer does whatever seemingly weaker individuals are actually showing how well
made it advantageous enough to evolve in the first place. If we
they can do in the face of adversity.” (Paragraph 2 - sentence
could embody evolu on as a person, then he or she would be
crea ve but inherently lazy. If something is not being used then 5) The author makes the same argument about ves gial too,
why bother maintaining it? It’s hard to say why they haven’t proving that evolu on has a role to play in traits that appear
disappeared altogether but give it another million years and quirky or useless, if one studies them closely. This is also
perhaps they will. Some snakes, for example, s ll show ves gial why op on 2 is not the correct choice. Besides op on 2 is
traits harking back to their four-legged ancestry. Male pythons
the other end of the extreme, dismissing the role of
have li le claw-like structures towards the tail, which, although
they aid courtship, are all that remain of their hind limbs. evolu on in any biological trait or characteris c altogether
and is therefore not compa ble with the views of the author
Spandrels are in many ways, the rarest and hardest to see “weird” in the passage. Op on 3, is not the central argument, and is
evolu onary quirks. The word comes from an architectural term not true based on the informa on of the passage - in
for the triangular sec ons between arches in older, usually fancy,
paragraph 2, the author describes how sexual selec on is
buildings. These zones were o en ornately decorated but
incidental to the real func on of the structure of the building. An the reason some birds have ostenta ous plumage. There is
evolu onary spandrel is a physical structure or behavioural no men on of the role of sexual selec on being larger than
characteris c that is a by-product from some other func onal it is deemed to be. Op on 4 is not correct because not only
adapta on. … One well-studied example is seen in an island- is it not the central premise of the passage but it is also
dwelling popula on of Italian wall lizards, which spend less me
incoherent with the informa on in the passage- “As human
basking in the sun than their mainland cousins. This behaviour can
be seen as a spandrel because there’s no obvious advantage to it. diets changed, the bones and muscles in our jaws became
smaller so we didn’t waste energy on them but we were le
One genuine excep on is something that defines our species as with a protruding bone at the bo om of the face…Although
modern human beings: the chin. No other animals, or even ex nct the chin throws a spandrel in the works, there is nearly
human rela ves such as Neanderthals, have one. As human diets
always a reason or, at least, an explana on for the myriad
changed, the bones and muscles in our jaws became smaller so we
didn’t waste energy on them but we were le with a protruding traits we see across biology.” The author means therefore,
bone at the bo om of the face. And no one has come up with a that the chin is not a quirk that exists for its own sake but
wholly convincing reason why Although the chin throws a spandrel can actually be traced back to its evolu onary
Previous Next Exit Review purpose. Hence, [1].
Questions: 1 to 34 Correct Answer:
Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Time taken by you: 395 secs
Choose the best answer for each ques on.
Avg Time taken by all students: 233 secs
Evolu on is a fascina ng field but can be rife with
misunderstanding. One misconcep on is that evolu on has some Your A empt: Correct
innate sense of direc on or purpose. In reality, evolu on is a
mindless, plan-free phenomenon, driven into endless possibili es % Students got it correct: 64 %
by random muta ons, the most successful of which win out. ….
There are some areas of evolu onary biology where benefits are
murkier and, in some instances, where traits seem to make no
sense at all. As important as the concept of survival of the fi est is
to evolu on, there are many examples that seem to undermine 2) Which of the following is NOT true based on the 
this idea. In fact, various aspects of evolu onary biology may seem informa on provided in the passage?
counterintui ve and could even be seen as a reason to reject
evolu on as a whole. …
Spandrels are incidental traits that appeared as a result of
adapta on.
Many species invest heavily in camouflage and other means of
blending into the surroundings to avoid predators. So the physically Evolu on is like a crea ve person that is lazy.
heavy and downright ostenta ous plumage of birds of paradise,
The show of plumage in birds of paradise is for the purpose
peacocks and many other birds seems like a clear invita on to be
of camouflage.
eaten. But crucially they help these birds pass on their genes
because they increase their chances of a rac ng a mate. This is Male pythons were known to have back limbs once upon a
what’s known as sexual selec on at its finest. It strengthens the me.
theory of evolu on in that these seemingly weaker individuals are
actually showing how well they can do in the face of adversity. It’s Video Explana on:


the evolu onary equivalent of using a pre y over-confident da ng
profile to impress poten al partners.
Explana on:


When an anatomical structure appears frankly inept, it is probably
a ves gial trait. This is a feature that no longer does whatever Sentence 1 & 2 of paragraph 2 make this clear, whereby the
made it advantageous enough to evolve in the first place. If we author states that despite some species having traits that
could embody evolu on as a person, then he or she would be help them disappear into their surroundings, birds of
crea ve but inherently lazy. If something is not being used then paradise actually want to be no ced by poten al mates.
why bother maintaining it? It’s hard to say why they haven’t “Many species invest heavily in camouflage and other
disappeared altogether but give it another million years and means of blending into the surroundings to avoid predators.
perhaps they will. Some snakes, for example, s ll show ves gial So the physically heavy and downright ostenta ous plumage
traits harking back to their four-legged ancestry. Male pythons of birds of paradise, peacocks and many other birds seems
have li le claw-like structures towards the tail, which, although like a clear invita on to be eaten. But crucially they help
they aid courtship, are all that remain of their hind limbs. these birds pass on their genes because they increase their
chances of a rac ng a mate.” Thus although their feathers
Spandrels are in many ways, the rarest and hardest to see “weird” are used for survival, they are not used for camouflage.
evolu onary quirks. The word comes from an architectural term Op on 1 is true based on sentence 3 of paragraph 4, “An
for the triangular sec ons between arches in older, usually fancy, evolu onary spandrel is a physical structure or behavioural
buildings. These zones were o en ornately decorated but characteris c that is a by-product from some other
incidental to the real func on of the structure of the building. An func onal adapta on.” Op on 2 is true based on the
evolu onary spandrel is a physical structure or behavioural passage, because it is a mere re-statement of a line from the
characteris c that is a by-product from some other func onal passage, Paragraph 3, sentence 3, “If we could embody
adapta on. … One well-studied example is seen in an island- evolu on as a person, then he or she would be crea ve but
dwelling popula on of Italian wall lizards, which spend less me inherently lazy.” Op on 4 is not the correct answer because
basking in the sun than their mainland cousins. This behaviour can it is true based on sentence 6 of paragraph 3, “Male pythons
be seen as a spandrel because there’s no obvious advantage to it. have li le claw-like structures towards the tail, which,
although they aid courtship, are all that remain of their hind
One genuine excep on is something that defines our species as limbs.” This sentence makes it clear that the claws behind
modern human beings: the chin. No other animals, or even ex nct male pythons, originated from their once hind limbs.
human rela ves such as Neanderthals, have one. As human diets Therefore Op on 4 is true.Hence, [3].
changed, the bones and muscles in our jaws became smaller so we
didn’t waste energy on them but we were le with a protruding
bone at the bo om of the face. And no one has come up with a
wholly convincing reason why Although the chin throws a spandrel

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 1 to 34 Correct Answer:
Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

The show of plumage in birds of paradise is for the purpose

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. of camouflage.
Choose the best answer for each ques on.

Evolu on is a fascina ng field but can be rife with

Time taken by you: 22 secs
misunderstanding. One misconcep on is that evolu on has some
innate sense of direc on or purpose. In reality, evolu on is a
mindless, plan-free phenomenon, driven into endless possibili es Avg Time taken by all students: 85 secs
by random muta ons, the most successful of which win out. ….
There are some areas of evolu onary biology where benefits are Your A empt: Correct
murkier and, in some instances, where traits seem to make no
sense at all. As important as the concept of survival of the fi est is % Students got it correct: 61 %
to evolu on, there are many examples that seem to undermine
this idea. In fact, various aspects of evolu onary biology may seem
counterintui ve and could even be seen as a reason to reject
evolu on as a whole. … 3) Which of the following, if true, would nullify the central 
argument of the passage?
Many species invest heavily in camouflage and other means of
blending into the surroundings to avoid predators. So the physically
heavy and downright ostenta ous plumage of birds of paradise, Survival of the fi est is considered vital in the evolu onary
peacocks and many other birds seems like a clear invita on to be process.
eaten. But crucially they help these birds pass on their genes
Ves gial traits or spandrels are func oning only during fetal
because they increase their chances of a rac ng a mate. This is
development and not later.
what’s known as sexual selec on at its finest. It strengthens the
theory of evolu on in that these seemingly weaker individuals are Some structures that were once thought of as ves gial are
actually showing how well they can do in the face of adversity. It’s now understood to be useful.
the evolu onary equivalent of using a pre y over-confident da ng
Evolu on eliminates only those random muta ons or
profile to impress poten al partners.
features that are harmful.
When an anatomical structure appears frankly inept, it is probably
a ves gial trait. This is a feature that no longer does whatever Video Explana on:


made it advantageous enough to evolve in the first place. If we
could embody evolu on as a person, then he or she would be
Explana on:


crea ve but inherently lazy. If something is not being used then
why bother maintaining it? It’s hard to say why they haven’t
The central argument is that ves gial traits and spandrels
disappeared altogether but give it another million years and
are only apparently useless, but they have an evolu onary
perhaps they will. Some snakes, for example, s ll show ves gial
func on. Op on 4 implies that evolu on may not eliminate
traits harking back to their four-legged ancestry. Male pythons
useless features that are harmless. This means that there
have li le claw-like structures towards the tail, which, although
are features that are clearly useless and have no
they aid courtship, are all that remain of their hind limbs.
evolu onary significance. This makes the en re argument of
the passage invalid. Op on 1 is certainly assumed by the
Spandrels are in many ways, the rarest and hardest to see “weird”
author. This can be deduced from sentence 5 of paragraph
evolu onary quirks. The word comes from an architectural term
1, “As important as the concept of survival of the fi est is to
for the triangular sec ons between arches in older, usually fancy,
evolu on, there are many examples that seem to
buildings. These zones were o en ornately decorated but
undermine this idea.” This sentence is based on the inherent
incidental to the real func on of the structure of the building. An
assump on that survival of the fi est is perceived as a
evolu onary spandrel is a physical structure or behavioural
concept that is important to the theory of evolu on. Op on
characteris c that is a by-product from some other func onal
2 is an assump on made in paragraph 2, whereby sexual
adapta on. … One well-studied example is seen in an island-
selec on in birds becomes a means of perpetua ng their
dwelling popula on of Italian wall lizards, which spend less me
genes. Op on 3 supports the main idea that ves gial traits
basking in the sun than their mainland cousins. This behaviour can
are useful. Hence, [4].
be seen as a spandrel because there’s no obvious advantage to it.

One genuine excep on is something that defines our species as

Correct Answer:


modern human beings: the chin. No other animals, or even ex nct

human rela ves such as Neanderthals, have one. As human diets
changed, the bones and muscles in our jaws became smaller so we
Time taken by you: 46 secs
didn’t waste energy on them but we were le with a protruding
bone at the bo om of the face. And no one has come up with a
wholly convincing reason why Although the chin throws a spandrel Avg Time taken by all students: 30 secs

Previous Next Exit Review Your A empt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 32 %
Questions: 1 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons.

Choose the best answer for each ques on. 4) According to the passage the difference between a 
ves gial structure and a spandrel is …
Evolu on is a fascina ng field but can be rife with
misunderstanding. One misconcep on is that evolu on has some
innate sense of direc on or purpose. In reality, evolu on is a Both are useless structures or traits in the evolu onary
mindless, plan-free phenomenon, driven into endless possibili es history of organisms.
by random muta ons, the most successful of which win out. …. Ves gial structures provided an evolu onary benefit at some
There are some areas of evolu onary biology where benefits are point in the long evolu onary process, but spandrels were
murkier and, in some instances, where traits seem to make no remnants from the ex nct ancestral forms of the creature.
sense at all. As important as the concept of survival of the fi est is
to evolu on, there are many examples that seem to undermine Ves gial structures performed evolu onary func ons while
this idea. In fact, various aspects of evolu onary biology may seem spandrels were only support systems.
counterintui ve and could even be seen as a reason to reject Evolu on discards ves gial structures over long period of
evolu on as a whole. … me but spandrels are not.

Many species invest heavily in camouflage and other means of

Video Explana on:


blending into the surroundings to avoid predators. So the physically
heavy and downright ostenta ous plumage of birds of paradise,
peacocks and many other birds seems like a clear invita on to be
Explana on:


eaten. But crucially they help these birds pass on their genes
because they increase their chances of a rac ng a mate. This is
Op on 1 is factually incorrect. Op on 2 describes spandrels
what’s known as sexual selec on at its finest. It strengthens the
incorrectly. Op on 4 is incorrect as both are only apparently
theory of evolu on in that these seemingly weaker individuals are
useless – hence it cannot be inferred that one or the other
actually showing how well they can do in the face of adversity. It’s
may be discarded.The third paragraph states about ves gial
the evolu onary equivalent of using a pre y over-confident da ng
structures: This is a feature that no longer does whatever
profile to impress poten al partners.
made it advantageous enough to evolve in the first place.
The fourth paragraph explains a spandrel: An evolu onary
When an anatomical structure appears frankly inept, it is probably
spandrel is a physical structure or behavioural characteris c
a ves gial trait. This is a feature that no longer does whatever
that is a by-product from some other func onal adapta on.
made it advantageous enough to evolve in the first place. If we
Hence, [3].
could embody evolu on as a person, then he or she would be
crea ve but inherently lazy. If something is not being used then
why bother maintaining it? It’s hard to say why they haven’t
Correct Answer:


disappeared altogether but give it another million years and
perhaps they will. Some snakes, for example, s ll show ves gial
traits harking back to their four-legged ancestry. Male pythons
Time taken by you: 109 secs
have li le claw-like structures towards the tail, which, although
they aid courtship, are all that remain of their hind limbs.
Avg Time taken by all students: 30 secs
Spandrels are in many ways, the rarest and hardest to see “weird”
evolu onary quirks. The word comes from an architectural term Your A empt: Wrong
for the triangular sec ons between arches in older, usually fancy,
buildings. These zones were o en ornately decorated but % Students got it correct: 20 %
incidental to the real func on of the structure of the building. An
evolu onary spandrel is a physical structure or behavioural
characteris c that is a by-product from some other func onal
adapta on. … One well-studied example is seen in an island- 5) The passage supports the inference that …
dwelling popula on of Italian wall lizards, which spend less me 
basking in the sun than their mainland cousins. This behaviour can Ves gial structures and spandrels provide sufficient ground
be seen as a spandrel because there’s no obvious advantage to it. to reject the idea of evolu on.

One genuine excep on is something that defines our species as The apparently useless features of evolu on actually serve as
modern human beings: the chin. No other animals, or even ex nct evidence for the theory.
human rela ves such as Neanderthals, have one. As human diets Evolu onary biology provides innumerable examples of truly
changed, the bones and muscles in our jaws became smaller so we useless spandrels.
didn’t waste energy on them but we were le with a protruding
bone at the bo om of the face. And no one has come up with a The idea that evolu on is a mindless, plan-free phenomenon
wholly convincing reason why Although the chin throws a spandrel is not sustainable on scru ny.

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 1 to 34 Video Explana on:
Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Explana on:


Choose the best answer for each ques on.
Op on 1 is not sustainable because implicitly ves gial
Evolu on is a fascina ng field but can be rife with structures and spandrels reinforce the idea of evolu on (as
misunderstanding. One misconcep on is that evolu on has some
subtle proofs for the process). Hence op on 2 is correct.
innate sense of direc on or purpose. In reality, evolu on is a
mindless, plan-free phenomenon, driven into endless possibili es Op on 3 is contrary to the passage – the last sentence
by random muta ons, the most successful of which win out. …. states that, “Although the chin throws a spandrel in the
There are some areas of evolu onary biology where benefits are works, there is nearly always a reason or, at least, an
murkier and, in some instances, where traits seem to make no explana on for the myriad traits we see across biology.”
sense at all. As important as the concept of survival of the fi est is
Op on 4 is incorrect. The author states it quite explicitly in
to evolu on, there are many examples that seem to undermine
this idea. In fact, various aspects of evolu onary biology may seem the first paragraph that “In reality, evolu on is a mindless,
counterintui ve and could even be seen as a reason to reject plan-free phenomenon, driven into endless possibili es by
evolu on as a whole. … random muta ons, the most successful of which win out.”
Hence, [2].
Many species invest heavily in camouflage and other means of
blending into the surroundings to avoid predators. So the physically
heavy and downright ostenta ous plumage of birds of paradise, Correct Answer:


peacocks and many other birds seems like a clear invita on to be
eaten. But crucially they help these birds pass on their genes
because they increase their chances of a rac ng a mate. This is Time taken by you: 53 secs
what’s known as sexual selec on at its finest. It strengthens the
theory of evolu on in that these seemingly weaker individuals are Avg Time taken by all students: 40 secs
actually showing how well they can do in the face of adversity. It’s
the evolu onary equivalent of using a pre y over-confident da ng Your A empt: Wrong
profile to impress poten al partners.
% Students got it correct: 42 %
When an anatomical structure appears frankly inept, it is probably
a ves gial trait. This is a feature that no longer does whatever
made it advantageous enough to evolve in the first place. If we
could embody evolu on as a person, then he or she would be
crea ve but inherently lazy. If something is not being used then
why bother maintaining it? It’s hard to say why they haven’t
disappeared altogether but give it another million years and
perhaps they will. Some snakes, for example, s ll show ves gial
traits harking back to their four-legged ancestry. Male pythons
have li le claw-like structures towards the tail, which, although
they aid courtship, are all that remain of their hind limbs.

Spandrels are in many ways, the rarest and hardest to see “weird”
evolu onary quirks. The word comes from an architectural term
for the triangular sec ons between arches in older, usually fancy,
buildings. These zones were o en ornately decorated but Loading...
incidental to the real func on of the structure of the building. An
evolu onary spandrel is a physical structure or behavioural
characteris c that is a by-product from some other func onal
adapta on. … One well-studied example is seen in an island-
dwelling popula on of Italian wall lizards, which spend less me
basking in the sun than their mainland cousins. This behaviour can
be seen as a spandrel because there’s no obvious advantage to it.

One genuine excep on is something that defines our species as

modern human beings: the chin. No other animals, or even ex nct
human rela ves such as Neanderthals, have one. As human diets
changed, the bones and muscles in our jaws became smaller so we
didn’t waste energy on them but we were le with a protruding
bone at the bo om of the face. And no one has come up with a
wholly convincing reason why Although the chin throws a spandrel

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 6 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best answer 1) Which of the following encapsulates the central argument of this discourse?

for each ques on.
Cosmological and philosophical challenges obstruct an uninhibited and
The problem of me is one of the greatest puzzles of modern physics. The first bit of scien fic understanding of me.
the conundrum is cosmological. To understand me, scien sts talk about finding a
Scien fic materialism o en renders experien al reality as secondary,
‘First Cause’ or ‘ini al condi on’ – a descrip on of the Universe at the very
thereby leading to a distorted understanding of truth.
beginning (or at ‘ me equals zero’). But to determine a system’s ini al condi on, we
need to know the total system. We need to make measurements of the posi ons The problem of me could be solved if we could corroborate an
and veloci es of its cons tuent parts, such as par cles, atoms, fields and so forth. understanding of the “First Cause” with that of the "Blind Spot”.
This problem hits a hard wall when we deal with the origin of the Universe itself,
The behaviour of neural networks, the architecture of computa onal systems
because we have no view from the outside. We can’t step outside the box in order
and an accurate measure of informa on are the only accurate means to
to look within, because the box is all there is. A First Cause is not only unknowable,
measure experience, awareness and consciousness.
but also scien fically unintelligible.

The second part of the challenge is philosophical. Scien sts have taken physical me Video Explana on:


to be the only real me – whereas experien al me, the subjec ve sense of me’s
passing, is considered a cogni ve fabrica on of secondary importance. The
Explana on:


youngAlbert Einsteinmade this posi on clear in his debate with philosopher Henri
Bergson in the 1920s, when he claimed that the physicist’s me is the only me.
With age, Einstein became more circumspect. Up to the me of his death, he The central argument of this passage is that there is a ‘Blind Spot’ (or a gap)
remained deeply troubled about how to find a place for the human experience of between the scien fic explana ons of physical reality, and the subjec vity
me in the scien fic worldview. of perceived human experience which is overlooked by science , o en
leading to a distorted understanding of reality. Op on 2 men ons that
These quandaries rest on the presump on that physical me, with an absolute
scien fic materialism, which is explained by the author as a combina on of
star ng point, is the only real kind of me. But what if the ques on of the beginning
of me is ill-posed? Many of us like to think that science can give us a complete, scien fic objec vity and a dependence on physical reality, leads to a
objec ve descrip on of cosmic history, dis nct from us and our percep on of it. But distorted understanding of truth by not focusing enough on that which is
this image of science is deeply flawed. In our urge for knowledge and control, we’ve experien al (experienced). Op on 1 is not correct because it talks about the
created a vision of science as a series of discoveries about how reality is in itself, a two obstruc ons to a scien fic understanding of the no on of me. While
God’s-eye view of nature.
the author talks about me, and the mispercep on of it due to different
Such an approach not only distorts the truth, but creates a false sense of distance variables, that is an example used to build the central argument about
between ourselves and the world. That divide arises from what we call the Blind science, and not the central argument itself. Op on 3, too is not the correct
Spot, which science itself cannot see. In the Blind Spot sitsexperience:the sheer choice because it focuses on the problem of me which is not the central
presence and immediacy of lived percep on. argument but, merely a reference used by the author to build the central
argument. Op on 4 can be eliminated because it is in complete contrast to
Behind the Blind Spot sits the belief that physical reality has absolute primacy in
human knowledge, a view that can be calledscien fic materialism. In philosophical what the author is trying to say. In paragraph 5, the author
terms, it combines scien ficobjec vism(science tells us about the real, mind- writes “Elementary par cles, moments in me, genes, the brain – all these
independent world) andphysicalism(science tells us that physical reality is all there things are assumed to be fundamentally real. By contrast, experience,
is). Elementary par cles, moments in me, genes, the brain – all these things are awareness and consciousness are taken to be secondary. The scien fic task
assumedto be fundamentally real. By contrast, experience, awareness and
becomes about figuring out how to reduce them to something physical,
consciousness are taken to be secondary. The scien fic task becomes about figuring
out how to reduce them to something physical, such as the behaviour ofneural such as the behaviour ofneural networks,the architecture of computa onal
networks,the architecture of computa onal systems, or some measure of systems, or some measure of informa on.” Here the author says that to
informa on. translate experience, awareness and consciousness into something like
systems, behaviors and informa on is to reduce them. Hence, [2].

Correct Answer:


Time taken by you: 225 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 244 secs

Your A empt: Correct

% Students got it correct: 43 %

2) All of the following are in agreement with the passage, EXCEPT: 

Einstein upheld the belief that ‘physicist’s me’ is the only me, i.e. objec ve
physical me that has primacy over any other no on of me which is mere
cogni ve fabrica on.
The puzzle of me could be be er understood, claim scien sts, if we could
trace back to the First Cause when me was equal to zero.
The scien fic a empt of making discoveries and collec ng knowledge about
cosmic history has a loophole like any other metanarra ve that disguises
itself as reality.
Previous Next Exit Review Scien fic discourse is centered on using physical reality as absolute.
Questions: 6 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Video Explana on:


Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best answer Explana on:


for each ques on.
Op on 1 is not in agreement with the passage because the passage
The problem of me is one of the greatest puzzles of modern physics. The first bit of describes that Einstein who subscribed to the scien sts view that ‘physicist’s
the conundrum is cosmological. To understand me, scien sts talk about finding a me is the only me’ did not uphold the view in his later years. He became
‘First Cause’ or ‘ini al condi on’ – a descrip on of the Universe at the very interested in experien al or rela ve me, “Up to the me of his death, he
beginning (or at ‘ me equals zero’). But to determine a system’s ini al condi on, we remained deeply troubled about how to find a place for the human
need to know the total system. We need to make measurements of the posi ons experience of me in the scien fic worldview.” Op on 2is in agreement with
and veloci es of its cons tuent parts, such as par cles, atoms, fields and so forth. the passage. This is clear in the very opening of the passage, Paragraph 1,
This problem hits a hard wall when we deal with the origin of the Universe itself, sentence 3: “To understand me, scien sts talk about finding a ‘First Cause’
because we have no view from the outside. We can’t step outside the box in order or ‘ini al condi on’ – a descrip on of the Universe at the very beginning (or
to look within, because the box is all there is. A First Cause is not only unknowable, at ‘ me equals zero’).” Op on 3 is also based on the argument the author
but also scien fically unintelligible. presents in paragraph 3, sta ng that the objec vity of science o en leaves
out subjec ve percep on. “Many of us like to think that science can give us
The second part of the challenge is philosophical. Scien sts have taken physical me a complete, objec ve descrip on of cosmic history, dis nct from us and our
to be the only real me – whereas experien al me, the subjec ve sense of me’s percep on of it. But this image of science is deeply flawed. In our urge for
passing, is considered a cogni ve fabrica on of secondary importance. The knowledge and control, we’ve created a vision of science as a series of
youngAlbert Einsteinmade this posi on clear in his debate with philosopher Henri discoveries about how reality is in itself, a God’s-eye view of nature.” The
Bergson in the 1920s, when he claimed that the physicist’s me is the only me. loophole in Op on 3 is the “Blind Spot” that the author talks of through the
With age, Einstein became more circumspect. Up to the me of his death, he rest of this passage. Op on 4 is a rephrasing of the first sentence of
remained deeply troubled about how to find a place for the human experience of paragraph 5, “Behind the Blind Spot sits the belief that physical reality has
me in the scien fic worldview. absolute primacy in human knowledge, a view that can be calledscien fic
materialism.” Hence, [1].
These quandaries rest on the presump on that physical me, with an absolute
star ng point, is the only real kind of me. But what if the ques on of the beginning
of me is ill-posed? Many of us like to think that science can give us a complete, Correct Answer:


objec ve descrip on of cosmic history, dis nct from us and our percep on of it. But
this image of science is deeply flawed. In our urge for knowledge and control, we’ve
created a vision of science as a series of discoveries about how reality is in itself, a Time taken by you: 145 secs
God’s-eye view of nature.
Avg Time taken by all students: 27 secs
Such an approach not only distorts the truth, but creates a false sense of distance
between ourselves and the world. That divide arises from what we call the Blind Your A empt: Wrong
Spot, which science itself cannot see. In the Blind Spot sitsexperience:the sheer
presence and immediacy of lived percep on. % Students got it correct: 21 %

Behind the Blind Spot sits the belief that physical reality has absolute primacy in
human knowledge, a view that can be calledscien fic materialism. In philosophical
terms, it combines scien ficobjec vism(science tells us about the real, mind-
independent world) andphysicalism(science tells us that physical reality is all there 3) According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about 
is). Elementary par cles, moments in me, genes, the brain – all these things are “First Cause”?
assumedto be fundamentally real. By contrast, experience, awareness and
consciousness are taken to be secondary. The scien fic task becomes about figuring The First Cause is the founda onal reason that caused the no on of me.
out how to reduce them to something physical, such as the behaviour ofneural
networks,the architecture of computa onal systems, or some measure of The First Cause refers to a cosmological condi on in which the no on of me
informa on. was zero.
The First Cause entails stepping outside the Universe to get an overview of it,
which is impossible.
The First Cause is an abstract cosmological concept- one which will never be
known or understood.

Video Explana on:



Explana on:


Op on 1is not true about “First Cause” in the context of this passage. It is
the state when me was equal to zero, and not the “founda onal reason”
for me – it is not said to have ‘caused’ me. Based on the passage, op on 2
is correct because the author states in paragraph 1 sentence 3 that scien sts
talk about a First Cause- or a condi on in the Universe when me was zero:
“To understand me, scien sts talk about finding a ‘First Cause’ or ‘ini al
condi on’ – a descrip on of the Universe at the very beginning (or at ‘ me
equals zero’).” Op on 3 is also true about First Cause; it can be deduced
from paragraph 1, sentence 4-5, where the author states that in order to
understand the First Cause, an outsider perspec ve of the Universe would
be necessary, but the totality of our experience is contained in the Universe,
and therefore stepping out of it is not possible. Op on 4 is merely a
reworded form of the last line in the first paragraph: “A First Cause is not
only unknowable, but also scien fically unintelligible.” I.e. it will never be
known or understood. Hence, [1].

Correct Answer:


Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 6 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Time taken by you: 79 secs
Change Section here

Avg Time taken by all students: 70 secs

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best answer
for each ques on. Your A empt: Correct

The problem of me is one of the greatest puzzles of modern physics. The first bit of % Students got it correct: 59 %
the conundrum is cosmological. To understand me, scien sts talk about finding a
‘First Cause’ or ‘ini al condi on’ – a descrip on of the Universe at the very
beginning (or at ‘ me equals zero’). But to determine a system’s ini al condi on, we
need to know the total system. We need to make measurements of the posi ons
and veloci es of its cons tuent parts, such as par cles, atoms, fields and so forth. 4) In paragraph 3, “In our urge for knowledge and control, we’ve created a 
This problem hits a hard wall when we deal with the origin of the Universe itself, vision of science as a series of discoveries about how reality is in itself, a God’s-
because we have no view from the outside. We can’t step outside the box in order eye view of nature”, what does the phrase “God’s-eye view of nature” stand for?
to look within, because the box is all there is. A First Cause is not only unknowable,
but also scien fically unintelligible. A view of nature or reality based on theology.
A view of nature or reality perceived through many different perspec ves
The second part of the challenge is philosophical. Scien sts have taken physical me and levels of consciousness.
to be the only real me – whereas experien al me, the subjec ve sense of me’s
passing, is considered a cogni ve fabrica on of secondary importance. The An externalist perspec ve, from which the world consists of some fixed
youngAlbert Einsteinmade this posi on clear in his debate with philosopher Henri totality of mind independent objects.
Bergson in the 1920s, when he claimed that the physicist’s me is the only me. An emo onally detached view of things that involves possessing in-depth
With age, Einstein became more circumspect. Up to the me of his death, he knowledge of everything physical and non-physical.
remained deeply troubled about how to find a place for the human experience of
me in the scien fic worldview.
Video Explana on:


These quandaries rest on the presump on that physical me, with an absolute
star ng point, is the only real kind of me. But what if the ques on of the beginning Explana on:


of me is ill-posed? Many of us like to think that science can give us a complete,
objec ve descrip on of cosmic history, dis nct from us and our percep on of it. But
Throughout the passage the author talks about a God’s eye view - or an
this image of science is deeply flawed. In our urge for knowledge and control, we’ve
created a vision of science as a series of discoveries about how reality is in itself, a objec ve, external view of things that science takes, in contrast to an ant-
God’s-eye view of nature. eye view of human consciousness, or subjec ve experience which op on 3
describes as ‘fixed totality of mind independent objects”. Op on 1 can be
Such an approach not only distorts the truth, but creates a false sense of distance eliminated because the passage does not speak of theology or religion;
between ourselves and the world. That divide arises from what we call the Blind
Op on 2 is incorrect because it is referring to a subjec ve viewpoint, which
Spot, which science itself cannot see. In the Blind Spot sitsexperience:the sheer
presence and immediacy of lived percep on. is in conflict with the sentences in paragraph 3 that priced this sentence
“Many of us like to think that science can give us a complete, objec ve
Behind the Blind Spot sits the belief that physical reality has absolute primacy in descrip on of cosmic history, dis nct from us and our percep on of it. But
human knowledge, a view that can be calledscien fic materialism. In philosophical this image of science is deeply flawed.” The clue that helps eliminate Op on
terms, it combines scien ficobjec vism(science tells us about the real, mind-
4, is the phrase ‘emo onally detached’ which is not apparent anywhere in
independent world) andphysicalism(science tells us that physical reality is all there
is). Elementary par cles, moments in me, genes, the brain – all these things are the arguments presented in the passage. Hence, [3].
assumedto be fundamentally real. By contrast, experience, awareness and
consciousness are taken to be secondary. The scien fic task becomes about figuring
Correct Answer:


out how to reduce them to something physical, such as the behaviour ofneural
networks,the architecture of computa onal systems, or some measure of
informa on. Time taken by you: 116 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 44 secs

Your A empt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 41 %

5) The phrase, “With age, Einstein became more circumspect,” (paragraph 2) 

is
used to …

indicate that the scien fic idea of physical me with a definite beginning

loses its significance to scien sts as they age in me.
show that Einstein could see the rela on between the physical and
psychological experience of me as he advanced in age.
assert the inadequacy of science to an provide a descrip on of me
independent of our experience of it.
to point out that the phenomenon of me is the greatest puzzle in physics
as well as philosophy.

Video Explana on:



Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 6 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Explana on:


Change Section here

We need to understand the significance of Einstein’s experience to answer this

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best answer
ques on. Einstein, when he was young, subscribed to the physicist’s view of me
for each ques on.
as a physical phenomenon. But he became ‘more circumspect’ as he aged, and “up
The problem of me is one of the greatest puzzles of modern physics. The first bit of to his death remained deeply troubled about how to find a place for the human
the conundrum is cosmological. To understand me, scien sts talk about finding a experience of me in the scien fic worldview.” Hence Einstein was troubled by the
‘First Cause’ or ‘ini al condi on’ – a descrip on of the Universe at the very inability to reconcile physicist’s me with experien al me. The third paragraph
beginning (or at ‘ me equals zero’). But to determine a system’s ini al condi on, we
beginning with “these quandaries…” refers again to Einstein’s worries. Op on 3
need to know the total system. We need to make measurements of the posi ons
and veloci es of its cons tuent parts, such as par cles, atoms, fields and so forth. precisely points to the purpose of the writer - the inability of Einstein (science) to
This problem hits a hard wall when we deal with the origin of the Universe itself, reconcile the two dis nct concep ons of me. Op on 1 is a distractor – ‘…
because we have no view from the outside. We can’t step outside the box in order scien sts as they age in me’ is a simplis c interpreta on. Op on 2 is contrary to
to look within, because the box is all there is. A First Cause is not only unknowable, the passage – me remains ‘the greatest puzzle in modern physics.’ Op on 4 may
but also scien fically unintelligible.
be factually correct but not the purpose of the quoted sentence. Hence, [3].

The second part of the challenge is philosophical. Scien sts have taken physical me
to be the only real me – whereas experien al me, the subjec ve sense of me’s Correct Answer:


passing, is considered a cogni ve fabrica on of secondary importance. The
youngAlbert Einsteinmade this posi on clear in his debate with philosopher Henri
Bergson in the 1920s, when he claimed that the physicist’s me is the only me. Time taken by you: 34 secs
With age, Einstein became more circumspect. Up to the me of his death, he
remained deeply troubled about how to find a place for the human experience of Avg Time taken by all students: 83 secs
me in the scien fic worldview.
Your A empt: Wrong
These quandaries rest on the presump on that physical me, with an absolute
star ng point, is the only real kind of me. But what if the ques on of the beginning
% Students got it correct: 40 %
of me is ill-posed? Many of us like to think that science can give us a complete,
objec ve descrip on of cosmic history, dis nct from us and our percep on of it. But
this image of science is deeply flawed. In our urge for knowledge and control, we’ve
created a vision of science as a series of discoveries about how reality is in itself, a
God’s-eye view of nature.

Such an approach not only distorts the truth, but creates a false sense of distance
between ourselves and the world. That divide arises from what we call the Blind
Spot, which science itself cannot see. In the Blind Spot sitsexperience:the sheer
presence and immediacy of lived percep on.

Behind the Blind Spot sits the belief that physical reality has absolute primacy in
human knowledge, a view that can be calledscien fic materialism. In philosophical
terms, it combines scien ficobjec vism(science tells us about the real, mind-
independent world) andphysicalism(science tells us that physical reality is all there
is). Elementary par cles, moments in me, genes, the brain – all these things are Loading...
assumedto be fundamentally real. By contrast, experience, awareness and
consciousness are taken to be secondary. The scien fic task becomes about figuring
out how to reduce them to something physical, such as the behaviour ofneural
networks,the architecture of computa onal systems, or some measure of
informa on.

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 11 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best 1) What is the central argument that the author is making? 
answer for each ques on.
Different species of ants have different codes and means of
Like a brain, an ant colony operates without central control. Each is a set of func oning.
interac ng individuals, either neurons or ants, using simple chemical
Ant colonies possess memory, much like individual ants and most
interac ons that in the aggregate generate their behaviour. People use their
other living species.
brains to remember. Can ant colonies do that? Thisques on leads to another
ques on: what is memory? For people, memory is the capacity to recall Red wood ants have shown signs of significant reten on and long term
something that happened in the past. We also ask computers to reproduce memory vis-à-vis the Sahara Desert ant.
past ac ons – the blending of the idea of the computer as brain and brain as
Ants share their memories in the form of linked traces stored in their
computer has led us to take ‘memory’ to mean something like the informa on
neurons.
stored on a hard drive. We know that our memory relies on changes in how
much a set of linked neurons s mulate each other; that it is reinforced
somehow during sleep; and that recent and long-term memory involve Video Explana on:


different circuits of connected neurons. But there is much we s ll don’t know
about how those neural events come together, whether there are stored
Explana on:


representa ons that we use to talk about something that happened in the
past, or how we can keep performing a previously learned task such as reading
or riding a bicycle. The passage predominantly describes the role of memory in ant
colonies and individual ants, ci ng examples of redwood ant colonies,
Any living being can exhibit the simplest form of memory, a change due to past Sahara Desert ants and carpenter ants. The author constructs this
events. Look at a tree that has lost a branch. It remembers by how it grows
argument by building a larger argument around what memory is, and
around the wound, leaving traces in the pa ern of the bark and the shape of
the tree. You might be able to describe the last me you had the flu, or you how it shapes behaviour in trees, humans and ants. Op on 1 is an
might not. Either way, in some sense your body ‘remembers’, because some of incorrect op on because although the passage makes reference to the
your cells now have different an bodies, molecular receptors, which fit that reten on and retrieval of memory among ant colonies and individual
par cular virus. ants, it doesn’t make any reference to codes and means of
func oning. Op on 3 can be eliminated because the passage does not
Past events can alter the behaviour of both individual ants and ant colonies.
Individual carpenter ants offered a sugar treat remembered its loca on for a compare the red wood ants with the Sahara Desert Ant - In Paragraph
few minutes; they were likely to return to where the food had been. Another 3 the author describes the memory of the Sahara desert ant, and in
species, the Sahara Desert ant, meanders around the barren desert, searching paragraph 4, he describes the red wood ant, without any comparison
for food. It appears that an ant of this species can remember how far it walked, between the two. Op on 4 is incorrect because the only reference the
or how many steps it took, since the last me it was at the nest.
passage makes to the memories of ants is at the opening of the
A red wood ant colony remembers its trail system leading to the same trees, passage, “Like a brain, an ant colony operates without central control.
year a er year, although no single ant does. In the forests of Europe, they Each is a set of interac ng individuals, either neurons or ants, using
forage in high trees to feed on the excre ons of aphids that in turn feed on the simple chemical interac ons that in the aggregate generate their
tree. Their nests are enormous mounds of pine needles situated in the same behaviour.” There is no evidence in the passage of linked traces stored
place for decades, occupied by many genera ons of colonies. Each ant tends
in the neurons. Hence, [2].
to take the same trail day a er day to the same tree. During the longwinter,
the ants huddle together under the snow. The Finnish myrmecologist Rainer
Rosengrenshowed that when the ants emerge in the spring, an older ant goes Correct Answer:


out with a young one along the older ant’s habitual trail. The older ant dies
and the younger ant adopts that trail as its own, thus leading the colony to
remember, or reproduce, the previous year’s trails. Time taken by you: 241 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 198 secs

Your A empt: Correct

% Students got it correct: 60 %

2) All of the following are true about ants based on this passage EXCEPT:

Some ant colonies have been known to have older ants that train the
younger ones to follow their trails.
In all species of ants, individual ants exhibit the exact same memory
as that of ant colonies.
It has been studied that like all other living beings, past events can lead
to changes in the behaviour of ants.
Certain species of ants can remember the loca on of food, and trace
their way back to it.

Video Explana on:



Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 11 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Explana on:


Change Section here

Although the author men ons in paragraph 3 that “Past events can
The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best
alter the behaviour of both individual ants and ant colonies”, he makes
answer for each ques on.
no men on of them having the exact same memory. This can be
Like a brain, an ant colony operates without central control. Each is a set of further confirmed by the reference the author makes in paragraph 1,
interac ng individuals, either neurons or ants, using simple chemical describing memory in ants and ant colonies, “Like a brain, an ant
interac ons that in the aggregate generate their behaviour. People use their colony operates without central control. Each is a set of interac ng
brains to remember. Can ant colonies do that? Thisques on leads to another
individuals, either neurons or ants, using simple chemical interac ons
ques on: what is memory? For people, memory is the capacity to recall
something that happened in the past. We also ask computers to reproduce that in the aggregate generate their behaviour.” Thus, while ant
past ac ons – the blending of the idea of the computer as brain and brain as colonies have collec ve memory, that generates their behaviour, they
computer has led us to take ‘memory’ to mean something like the informa on are also ‘interac ng individuals’. Op on 1 is incorrect because it is
stored on a hard drive. We know that our memory relies on changes in how true based on the passage - in paragraph 4, the author cites the case
much a set of linked neurons s mulate each other; that it is reinforced
of the red wood ants, where “an older ant goes out with a young one
somehow during sleep; and that recent and long-term memory involve
different circuits of connected neurons. But there is much we s ll don’t know along the older ant’s habitual trail. The older ant dies and the younger
about how those neural events come together, whether there are stored ant adopts the trail as its own, thus leading the colony to remember,
representa ons that we use to talk about something that happened in the or reproduce, the previous year’s trails.” Op on 3 is incorrect because
past, or how we can keep performing a previously learned task such as reading it is true based on the passage 3 -“Past events can alter the behaviour
or riding a bicycle.
of both individual ants and ant colonies.” Op on 4 is also true based
Any living being can exhibit the simplest form of memory, a change due to past on the example of carpenter ants used in paragraph 3, sentence 2 -
events. Look at a tree that has lost a branch. It remembers by how it grows “Individual carpenter ants offered a sugar treat remembered its
around the wound, leaving traces in the pa ern of the bark and the shape of loca on for a few minutes; they were likely to return to where the
the tree. You might be able to describe the last me you had the flu, or you food had been.” Hence, [2].
might not. Either way, in some sense your body ‘remembers’, because some of
your cells now have different an bodies, molecular receptors, which fit that
par cular virus. Correct Answer:


Past events can alter the behaviour of both individual ants and ant colonies.
Individual carpenter ants offered a sugar treat remembered its loca on for a Time taken by you: 52 secs
few minutes; they were likely to return to where the food had been. Another
species, the Sahara Desert ant, meanders around the barren desert, searching Avg Time taken by all students: 80 secs
for food. It appears that an ant of this species can remember how far it walked,
or how many steps it took, since the last me it was at the nest. Your A empt: Correct

A red wood ant colony remembers its trail system leading to the same trees, % Students got it correct: 81 %
year a er year, although no single ant does. In the forests of Europe, they
forage in high trees to feed on the excre ons of aphids that in turn feed on the
tree. Their nests are enormous mounds of pine needles situated in the same
place for decades, occupied by many genera ons of colonies. Each ant tends
to take the same trail day a er day to the same tree. During the longwinter, 3) “Either way, in some sense your body ‘remembers’, because some of 
the ants huddle together under the snow. The Finnish myrmecologist Rainer your cells now have different an bodies, molecular receptors, which fit
Rosengrenshowed that when the ants emerge in the spring, an older ant goes that par cular virus,” (Paragraph 2). The sentence serves which of the
out with a young one along the older ant’s habitual trail. The older ant dies following purposes?
and the younger ant adopts that trail as its own, thus leading the colony to
remember, or reproduce, the previous year’s trails. To build an argument through an example or reference.
To counter an argument presented earlier in the passage.
To refute the conven onal approach to what ‘memory’ is.
To show how some memory exists not in the brain but only in the
body.

Video Explana on:



Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 11 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Explana on:


Change Section here

It is best to understand why the author has used this sentence by

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best
studying the context - This sentence appears in paragraph 2 of the
answer for each ques on.
passage, where the author is explaining what memory is in its simplest
Like a brain, an ant colony operates without central control. Each is a set of form. First, the paragraph cites the examples of trees and then the
interac ng individuals, either neurons or ants, using simple chemical example of the human body, in suppor ng the argument that, “Any
interac ons that in the aggregate generate their behaviour. People use their living being can exhibit the simplest form of memory, a change due to
brains to remember. Can ant colonies do that? Thisques on leads to another
past events.” (paragraph 2, sentence 1). Op on 2 and 3 are not correct
ques on: what is memory? For people, memory is the capacity to recall
something that happened in the past. We also ask computers to reproduce op ons because the author is neither contradic ng his argument, nor
past ac ons – the blending of the idea of the computer as brain and brain as is he refu ng what memory is conven onally described as. If anything,
computer has led us to take ‘memory’ to mean something like the informa on he is confirming that this is an example of the simplest form of
stored on a hard drive. We know that our memory relies on changes in how memory. Op on 4 is not the correct choice , because the author
much a set of linked neurons s mulate each other; that it is reinforced
explains how memory involves the brain and neurons, in paragraph 1 -
somehow during sleep; and that recent and long-term memory involve
different circuits of connected neurons. But there is much we s ll don’t know “ …and brain as computer has led us to take ‘memory’ to mean
about how those neural events come together, whether there are stored something like the informa on stored on a hard drive. We know that
representa ons that we use to talk about something that happened in the our memory relies on changes in how much a set of linked neurons
past, or how we can keep performing a previously learned task such as reading s mulate each other; that it is reinforced somehow during sleep; and
or riding a bicycle.
that recent and long-term memory involve different circuits of
Any living being can exhibit the simplest form of memory, a change due to past connected neurons.” He then goes on to describe how these changes
events. Look at a tree that has lost a branch. It remembers by how it grows lead to changes in behaviour, and does not dis nguish between
around the wound, leaving traces in the pa ern of the bark and the shape of memory in the body v/s memory in the brain. Hence, [1].
the tree. You might be able to describe the last me you had the flu, or you
might not. Either way, in some sense your body ‘remembers’, because some of
your cells now have different an bodies, molecular receptors, which fit that Correct Answer:


par cular virus.

Past events can alter the behaviour of both individual ants and ant colonies. Time taken by you: 104 secs
Individual carpenter ants offered a sugar treat remembered its loca on for a
few minutes; they were likely to return to where the food had been. Another Avg Time taken by all students: 52 secs
species, the Sahara Desert ant, meanders around the barren desert, searching
for food. It appears that an ant of this species can remember how far it walked, Your A empt: Correct
or how many steps it took, since the last me it was at the nest.
% Students got it correct: 54 %
A red wood ant colony remembers its trail system leading to the same trees,
year a er year, although no single ant does. In the forests of Europe, they
forage in high trees to feed on the excre ons of aphids that in turn feed on the
tree. Their nests are enormous mounds of pine needles situated in the same
4) Which of the following is NOT a trait of red wood ants?
place for decades, occupied by many genera ons of colonies. Each ant tends 
to take the same trail day a er day to the same tree. During the longwinter,
the ants huddle together under the snow. The Finnish myrmecologist Rainer Red wood ants are known to have huge nests that occupy the same
Rosengrenshowed that when the ants emerge in the spring, an older ant goes place for decades on end.
out with a young one along the older ant’s habitual trail. The older ant dies
In winter red wood ants live under the snow only to emerge in spring.
and the younger ant adopts that trail as its own, thus leading the colony to
remember, or reproduce, the previous year’s trails. In red wood ants the younger ants establish their own trails by taking
older ants with them.
Red wood ants hunt down high trees for the droppings of other
insects.

Video Explana on:



Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 11 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Explana on:


Change Section here

The passage men ons something quite contrary to the op on.

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best According to the passage it is the older ants that actually take the
answer for each ques on. younger ones along the trails that are passed on from genera on to
genera on of ant colonies - “The Finnish myrmecologist Rainer
Like a brain, an ant colony operates without central control. Each is a set of Rosengrenshowed that when the ants emerge in the spring, an older
interac ng individuals, either neurons or ants, using simple chemical ant goes out with a young one along the older ant’s habitual trail. The
interac ons that in the aggregate generate their behaviour. People use their older ant dies and the younger ant adopts that trail as its own, thus
brains to remember. Can ant colonies do that? Thisques on leads to another leading the colony to remember, or reproduce, the previous year’s
ques on: what is memory? For people, memory is the capacity to recall trails.” Op on 1 is a trait of red wood ants, paragraph 4, sentence 3-
something that happened in the past. We also ask computers to reproduce “Their nests are enormous mounds of pine needles situated in the
past ac ons – the blending of the idea of the computer as brain and brain as same place for decades, occupied by many genera ons of colonies.”
computer has led us to take ‘memory’ to mean something like the informa on Op on 2 is a trait of the red wood ants, which can be observed from
stored on a hard drive. We know that our memory relies on changes in how sentence 5 & 6 of paragraph 4; Op on 4 is also true since the passage
much a set of linked neurons s mulate each other; that it is reinforced men ons red wood ants feeding on the “excre ons of aphids”
somehow during sleep; and that recent and long-term memory involve Paragraph 4, sentence 2. Hence, [3].
different circuits of connected neurons. But there is much we s ll don’t know
about how those neural events come together, whether there are stored
representa ons that we use to talk about something that happened in the Correct Answer:


past, or how we can keep performing a previously learned task such as reading
or riding a bicycle.
Time taken by you: 58 secs
Any living being can exhibit the simplest form of memory, a change due to past
events. Look at a tree that has lost a branch. It remembers by how it grows Avg Time taken by all students: 59 secs
around the wound, leaving traces in the pa ern of the bark and the shape of
the tree. You might be able to describe the last me you had the flu, or you
Your A empt: Correct
might not. Either way, in some sense your body ‘remembers’, because some of
your cells now have different an bodies, molecular receptors, which fit that
% Students got it correct: 60 %
par cular virus.

Past events can alter the behaviour of both individual ants and ant colonies.
Individual carpenter ants offered a sugar treat remembered its loca on for a
few minutes; they were likely to return to where the food had been. Another 5) Which of the following observa ons about the ant colony, if true, 
species, the Sahara Desert ant, meanders around the barren desert, searching would provide further support to the author’s thesis?
for food. It appears that an ant of this species can remember how far it walked,
or how many steps it took, since the last me it was at the nest.
When the movement of the ant colony was disturbed, theants switched
A red wood ant colony remembers its trail system leading to the same trees, tasks and posi ons and the pa erns of ant colony could not shi back
year a er year, although no single ant does. In the forests of Europe, they to the undisturbed state.
forage in high trees to feed on the excre ons of aphids that in turn feed on the A foraging ant who has found some food does not recruit others
tree. Their nests are enormous mounds of pine needles situated in the same because there are not likely to be other foods nearby.
place for decades, occupied by many genera ons of colonies. Each ant tends
to take the same trail day a er day to the same tree. During the longwinter, The ant colony’s shape changes every day as individual ants trace
the ants huddle together under the snow. The Finnish myrmecologist Rainer different foraging paths, switch talks and posi ons in the colony, but
Rosengrenshowed that when the ants emerge in the spring, an older ant goes the colony returns the original shape.
out with a young one along the older ant’s habitual trail. The older ant dies Foraging ants individually search for sca ered foods, without leaving
and the younger ant adopts that trail as its own, thus leading the colony to any chemical trail and return to the nest with the food they may have
remember, or reproduce, the previous year’s trails. found.

Video Explana on:



Explana on:


The author’s thesis needs to be clearly understood before you can

a empt this ques on. The thesis is the answer to ques on number 1.
“Ant colonies possess memory, much likeindividual ants and most
other living species.” We need to look for an op on that reinforces the
idea that ants have individual memories and the colony has a
collec ve memory. Op on 3 reinforces both – the individual ants
tracing different routes and returning to different posi ons reinforces
individual memory. Yet the colony returning to the original shape
reinforces collec ve memory. Op on 1 negates both individual and
collec ve memory. Op ons 2 and 4 are related to individual memory
alone. Hence, [3].

Correct Answer:


Time taken by you: 118 secs

Previous Next Exit Review
Avg Time taken by all students: 91 secs
Questions: 11 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Your A empt: Correct

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the best
answer for each ques on. % Students got it correct: 52 %

Like a brain, an ant colony operates without central control. Each is a set of
interac ng individuals, either neurons or ants, using simple chemical
interac ons that in the aggregate generate their behaviour. People use their
brains to remember. Can ant colonies do that? Thisques on leads to another
ques on: what is memory? For people, memory is the capacity to recall
something that happened in the past. We also ask computers to reproduce
past ac ons – the blending of the idea of the computer as brain and brain as
computer has led us to take ‘memory’ to mean something like the informa on
stored on a hard drive. We know that our memory relies on changes in how
much a set of linked neurons s mulate each other; that it is reinforced
somehow during sleep; and that recent and long-term memory involve
different circuits of connected neurons. But there is much we s ll don’t know
about how those neural events come together, whether there are stored
representa ons that we use to talk about something that happened in the
Loading...
past, or how we can keep performing a previously learned task such as reading
or riding a bicycle.

Any living being can exhibit the simplest form of memory, a change due to past
events. Look at a tree that has lost a branch. It remembers by how it grows
around the wound, leaving traces in the pa ern of the bark and the shape of
the tree. You might be able to describe the last me you had the flu, or you
might not. Either way, in some sense your body ‘remembers’, because some of
your cells now have different an bodies, molecular receptors, which fit that
par cular virus.

Past events can alter the behaviour of both individual ants and ant colonies.
Individual carpenter ants offered a sugar treat remembered its loca on for a
few minutes; they were likely to return to where the food had been. Another
species, the Sahara Desert ant, meanders around the barren desert, searching
for food. It appears that an ant of this species can remember how far it walked,
or how many steps it took, since the last me it was at the nest.

A red wood ant colony remembers its trail system leading to the same trees,
year a er year, although no single ant does. In the forests of Europe, they
forage in high trees to feed on the excre ons of aphids that in turn feed on the
tree. Their nests are enormous mounds of pine needles situated in the same
place for decades, occupied by many genera ons of colonies. Each ant tends
to take the same trail day a er day to the same tree. During the longwinter,
the ants huddle together under the snow. The Finnish myrmecologist Rainer
Rosengrenshowed that when the ants emerge in the spring, an older ant goes
out with a young one along the older ant’s habitual trail. The older ant dies
and the younger ant adopts that trail as its own, thus leading the colony to
remember, or reproduce, the previous year’s trails.

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 16 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the 1) “Normally what is aimed at through economic reasoning is 
best answer for each ques on. the improvement of efficiency.” [Paragraph 1] What does
‘economic reasoning’ mean?
The most central assump on in economics is that human beings are
ra onal maximizers of their individual sa sfac ons, and, in turn,
When humans are presented with various op ons under the
respond to incen ves. A ra onal maximizer of personal sa sfac on
condi ons of scarcity, they would choose the op on that
adjusts means to ends in the most efficient way possible. It is important
maximizes their individual sa sfac on.
to realize that economics, as understood here, is not restricted to
analysis of monetary issues; there are nonmonetary as well as People weigh the rela ve costs and benefits of each alterna ve
monetary sa sfac ons. Every poten al sa sfac on is implicated in the when faced with a choice and then choose the one that
calculus of economic sa sfac ons and therefore can be inves gated provides them with the greatest an cipated benefits.
according to economic or means-end ra onality and the trade-off of
When humans are presented with various op ons, their
costs and benefits. Normally what is aimed at through economic
preferences do not invalidate the economic analysis of
reasoning is the improvement of efficiency.
alterna ves, even if their choice is irra onal.
A more efficient alloca on is one that increases the net value of Because humans are emo onal and easily distracted beings, they
resources. Efficiency in the alloca on of resources is dis nguished from make decisions that are not in their self-interest.
equity, which is concerned with jus ce in the distribu on of wealth.
Because some people value specific goods higher or lower than others,
Video Explana on:


economic efficiency can o en be raised through voluntary transfers of
goods. The most common example of a transfer promo ng efficiency is
that of a freely entered into contractual rela onship. Because one party Explana on:


to the transac on values money more than the item owned, and the
other values the item owned more than the asking price, the exchange The first paragraph explains what ‘economic reasoning’ means.
produces a net gain in economic goods. Each person ends up be er off Op on 2 summarizes the paragraph except for the
than before. Some economists have gone so far as to argue that such a nonmonetary part, and is the best op on. Op on 1 is factually
contractual exchange is morally op mal because it works within both correct but uses the word ‘scarcity’, which is unwarranted.
Kan an and u litarian theories of morality. They argue that it works Op on 3 is a distractor. It is verbose and merely states that the
with Kan an theories because a contract is thought to represent a good choice is irra onal – which is contrary to ‘economic reasoning’.
example of interac on between free and ra onal agents. It works with Op on 4, similarly, is contrary to ‘economic reasoning’. Hence,
u litarianism because the idea of wealth maximiza on intui vely [2].
translates into more u lity.

Economists have a variety of terms to describe possible outcomes of Correct Answer:


economic exchanges. For instance Pareto op mality is defined as a
point where resources are allocated such that no one is willing to trade
further. Pareto op mality is the eventual endpoint of a series of Pareto Time taken by you: 361 secs
superior moves. A Pareto superior change makes at least one person
be er off without making anyone worse off. Because no one is worse Avg Time taken by all students: 222 secs
off a er the trade there are no losers in Pareto improvements, although
there may be many different Pareto op mal endpoints. Furthermore,
Your A empt: Correct
economists have developed the concept of Kaldor-Hicks efficiency to
compensate for obstacles to freely contracted exchanges. Kaldor-Hicks
% Students got it correct: 65 %
efficiency, or poten al Pareto superiority, results when the overall
economic gains outweigh the losses. In other words, the gains in
economic efficiency are large enough that the winners could, if they had
to, compensate the losers in the new alloca on of goods and s ll
remain be er off. 2) All these are examples of ‘efficiency in the alloca on of 
resources’ EXCEPT:

Seats are reserved for economically backward classes in

government jobs.
Most of the inventory in stock in a toy shop is a toy that is in the
greatest demand.
An expressway that has been designed to give the maximum
mileage per litre of fuel.
Spare capacity of a manufacturing unit is leased to a compe tor
at a reasonable rent.

Video Explana on:



Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 16 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Explana on:


Change Section here

The answer is based on the first two sentences of the second

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the paragraph: “A more efficient alloca on is one that increases the
best answer for each ques on. net value of resources. Efficiency in the alloca on of resources
is dis nguished from equity, which is concerned with jus ce in
The most central assump on in economics is that human beings are the distribu on of wealth.” Op ons 2, 3 and 4 depict situa ons
ra onal maximizers of their individual sa sfac ons, and, in turn, where the net value of resourcesis maximized. In the case
respond to incen ves. A ra onal maximizer of personal sa sfac on depicted in op on 1, those who benefit from reserva on would
adjusts means to ends in the most efficient way possible. It is important value it more than others who are not under reserva on. The
to realize that economics, as understood here, is not restricted to la er may feel they are unduly deprived. Hence, [1].
analysis of monetary issues; there are nonmonetary as well as
monetary sa sfac ons. Every poten al sa sfac on is implicated in the
calculus of economic sa sfac ons and therefore can be inves gated Correct Answer:


according to economic or means-end ra onality and the trade-off of
costs and benefits. Normally what is aimed at through economic
reasoning is the improvement of efficiency. Time taken by you: 8 secs

A more efficient alloca on is one that increases the net value of Avg Time taken by all students: 67 secs
resources. Efficiency in the alloca on of resources is dis nguished from
equity, which is concerned with jus ce in the distribu on of wealth.
Your A empt: Skipped
Because some people value specific goods higher or lower than others,
economic efficiency can o en be raised through voluntary transfers of
% Students got it correct: 62 %
goods. The most common example of a transfer promo ng efficiency is
that of a freely entered into contractual rela onship. Because one party
to the transac on values money more than the item owned, and the
other values the item owned more than the asking price, the exchange
produces a net gain in economic goods. Each person ends up be er off 3) “…contractual exchange is morally op mal” in 
than before. Some economists have gone so far as to argue that such a u litarianism [paragraph 2] because…
contractual exchange is morally op mal because it works within both
Kan an and u litarian theories of morality. They argue that it works
It considers subjuga on of one’s interests in order to fulfill
with Kan an theories because a contract is thought to represent a good
example of interac on between free and ra onal agents. It works with another’s, as morally superior.
u litarianism because the idea of wealth maximiza on intui vely The exchanged economic good is considered ‘morally’
translates into more u lity. appropriate by the beneficiary as well as by the benefactor.
It places the locus of right and wrong solely on the outcomes.
Economists have a variety of terms to describe possible outcomes of
economic exchanges. For instance Pareto op mality is defined as a The exchange happens voluntarily between two ‘free’ and
point where resources are allocated such that no one is willing to trade ‘ra onal’ agents.
further. Pareto op mality is the eventual endpoint of a series of Pareto
superior moves. A Pareto superior change makes at least one person
Video Explana on:


be er off without making anyone worse off. Because no one is worse
off a er the trade there are no losers in Pareto improvements, although
there may be many different Pareto op mal endpoints. Furthermore, Explana on:


economists have developed the concept of Kaldor-Hicks efficiency to
compensate for obstacles to freely contracted exchanges. Kaldor-Hicks The second paragraph states, “It (moral op mality) works with
efficiency, or poten al Pareto superiority, results when the overall u litarianism because the idea of wealth maximiza on
economic gains outweigh the losses. In other words, the gains in intui vely translates into more u lity.” In other words, in
economic efficiency are large enough that the winners could, if they had u litarianism there is no other considera on than maximiza on
to, compensate the losers in the new alloca on of goods and s ll of wealth. Op on 3 states the same as a preoccupa on with
remain be er off. outcomes, not considering whether something is good or bad.
Op ons 1 and 2 ascribe moral dimensions to the exchange,
hence do not relate to u litarianism. Op on 4 is stated in the
paragraph in connec on with Kan an theory of morality. Hence,
[3].

Correct Answer:


Time taken by you: 76 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 8 secs

Your A empt: Wrong

Previous Next Exit Review
% Students got it correct: 7 %
Questions: 16 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the 4) According to the passage, Kaldor-Hicks efficiency… 
best answer for each ques on.
produces more benefits than costs.
The most central assump on in economics is that human beings are is at all mes a true pareto improvement.
ra onal maximizers of their individual sa sfac ons, and, in turn,
respond to incen ves. A ra onal maximizer of personal sa sfac on is the eventual endpoint of pareto superior moves.
adjusts means to ends in the most efficient way possible. It is important ensures that no one person is be er off than others.
to realize that economics, as understood here, is not restricted to
analysis of monetary issues; there are nonmonetary as well as
Video Explana on:


monetary sa sfac ons. Every poten al sa sfac on is implicated in the
calculus of economic sa sfac ons and therefore can be inves gated
according to economic or means-end ra onality and the trade-off of Explana on:


costs and benefits. Normally what is aimed at through economic
reasoning is the improvement of efficiency.
Under the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency test, an outcome is efficient if
A more efficient alloca on is one that increases the net value of those who are made be er off could in theory compensate
resources. Efficiency in the alloca on of resources is dis nguished from those who are made worse off and so produce a Pareto efficient
equity, which is concerned with jus ce in the distribu on of wealth. outcome. So, it follows that it produces more benefits than
Because some people value specific goods higher or lower than others, costs. Op on 2 is not correct as pareto improvement leaves no
economic efficiency can o en be raised through voluntary transfers of
one worse off, but Kaldor – Hicks efficiency can. Op on 3 is
goods. The most common example of a transfer promo ng efficiency is
that of a freely entered into contractual rela onship. Because one party incorrect as the eventual endpoint of pareto superior moves is
to the transac on values money more than the item owned, and the termed pareto op mality, and not Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
other values the item owned more than the asking price, the exchange Op on 4 is contradictory; as per Kaldor-Hicks efficiency, the
produces a net gain in economic goods. Each person ends up be er off gains a er an economic exchange are large enough that the
than before. Some economists have gone so far as to argue that such a
winners could, if they had to, compensate the losers in the new
contractual exchange is morally op mal because it works within both
Kan an and u litarian theories of morality. They argue that it works alloca on of goods and s ll remain be er off. Hence, [1].
with Kan an theories because a contract is thought to represent a good
example of interac on between free and ra onal agents. It works with
Correct Answer:


u litarianism because the idea of wealth maximiza on intui vely
translates into more u lity.
Time taken by you: 104 secs
Economists have a variety of terms to describe possible outcomes of
economic exchanges. For instance Pareto op mality is defined as a
Avg Time taken by all students: 55 secs
point where resources are allocated such that no one is willing to trade
further. Pareto op mality is the eventual endpoint of a series of Pareto
Your A empt: Wrong
superior moves. A Pareto superior change makes at least one person
be er off without making anyone worse off. Because no one is worse
off a er the trade there are no losers in Pareto improvements, although % Students got it correct: 56 %
there may be many different Pareto op mal endpoints. Furthermore,
economists have developed the concept of Kaldor-Hicks efficiency to
compensate for obstacles to freely contracted exchanges. Kaldor-Hicks
efficiency, or poten al Pareto superiority, results when the overall 5) Which of the following, if true, would undermine the passage’s
economic gains outweigh the losses. In other words, the gains in main argument?
economic efficiency are large enough that the winners could, if they had
to, compensate the losers in the new alloca on of goods and s ll People evaluate the costs and benefits of different alterna ves
remain be er off. and choose the best to maximize their happiness.
When incen ves change, people's behaviour changes in
unpredictable ways.
Human beings possess the innate wisdom to reject factors that
undermine op mal economic efficiency.
People recognize that an important type of cost is opportunity
cost: the next best alterna ve that people give up when they
make a choice.

Video Explana on:



Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 16 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Explana on:


Change Section here

“The most central assump on in economics is that human

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 5 ques ons. Choose the
beings are ra onal maximizes of their individual sa sfac ons,
best answer for each ques on.
and, in turn, respond to incen ves….” The passage is
The most central assump on in economics is that human beings are then developed fully from this assump on. The central
ra onal maximizers of their individual sa sfac ons, and, in turn, assump on is negated by op on 2. In effect op on 2 states that
respond to incen ves. A ra onal maximizer of personal sa sfac on “…people's behaviour changes in unpredictable ways,” or that
adjusts means to ends in the most efficient way possible. It is important
they are not ra onal. The other op ons too characterize
to realize that economics, as understood here, is not restricted to
analysis of monetary issues; there are nonmonetary as well as ra onal behaviour. Op on 4 is an example ra onal behaviour –
monetary sa sfac ons. Every poten al sa sfac on is implicated in the the ability to recognize costs other than that of money –
calculus of economic sa sfac ons and therefore can be inves gated opportunity cost being one of them. Hence, [2].
according to economic or means-end ra onality and the trade-off of
costs and benefits. Normally what is aimed at through economic
reasoning is the improvement of efficiency. Correct Answer:


A more efficient alloca on is one that increases the net value of
resources. Efficiency in the alloca on of resources is dis nguished from Time taken by you: 3 secs
equity, which is concerned with jus ce in the distribu on of wealth.
Because some people value specific goods higher or lower than others, Avg Time taken by all students: 26 secs
economic efficiency can o en be raised through voluntary transfers of
goods. The most common example of a transfer promo ng efficiency is Your A empt: Skipped
that of a freely entered into contractual rela onship. Because one party
to the transac on values money more than the item owned, and the % Students got it correct: 35 %
other values the item owned more than the asking price, the exchange
produces a net gain in economic goods. Each person ends up be er off
than before. Some economists have gone so far as to argue that such a
contractual exchange is morally op mal because it works within both
Kan an and u litarian theories of morality. They argue that it works
with Kan an theories because a contract is thought to represent a good
example of interac on between free and ra onal agents. It works with
u litarianism because the idea of wealth maximiza on intui vely
translates into more u lity.

Economists have a variety of terms to describe possible outcomes of

economic exchanges. For instance Pareto op mality is defined as a
point where resources are allocated such that no one is willing to trade
further. Pareto op mality is the eventual endpoint of a series of Pareto
superior moves. A Pareto superior change makes at least one person
be er off without making anyone worse off. Because no one is worse Loading...
off a er the trade there are no losers in Pareto improvements, although
there may be many different Pareto op mal endpoints. Furthermore,
economists have developed the concept of Kaldor-Hicks efficiency to
compensate for obstacles to freely contracted exchanges. Kaldor-Hicks
efficiency, or poten al Pareto superiority, results when the overall
economic gains outweigh the losses. In other words, the gains in
economic efficiency are large enough that the winners could, if they had
to, compensate the losers in the new alloca on of goods and s ll
remain be er off.

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 21 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 4 ques ons. 1) What is the central argument presented by the author

Choose the best answer for each ques on. in the passage?

Laypersons and academics alike have largely viewed Without a dark side a person’s crea vity goes to
crea vity as a posi ve force, a no on challenged by the waste.
philosopher and educator Robert McLaren of California
Nega ve personality traits are markers of a person’s
State University, Fullerton in 1993. McLaren proposed that
crea vity.
crea vity had a dark side. As me went on, newer concepts
–nega ve and malevolent crea vity – included conceiving Dark humour can be very harmful.
original ways to cheat on tests or doing purposeful harm to
There is a dark side to crea vity that is nega ve and
others, for instance, innova ng new ways to execute
malevolent.
terrorist a acks.

Video Explana on:


We looked at the problem through what psychologists call
the four Ps of crea vity – person (the individual engaging in
the act), process (the strategy employed), product (the Explana on:


crea ve outcome itself), and press (the situa on at hand.)
A er aseries of five experiments, we concluded that The cue to can be found in sentence 2 & 3 of
nega ve crea vity (product) is most likely to be displayed by
paragraph 1: “McLarenproposed that crea vity had a
highly intelligent persons, with subclinical nega ve
personality traits such as psychopathy, especially in open- dark side, and that viewing it without a social or
ended situa ons where decep on can succeed. When moral lens would lead to limited understanding. As
crea ve people had a nega ve, morally ques onable goal me went on, newer concepts –
up-front, they were also more likely to lie. nega ve andmalevolent crea vity – included
conceiving original ways to cheat on tests or doing
We confirmed the conten on that the dark side of crea vity
exists, and is one that it’s important to acknowledge and purposeful harm to others, for instance, innova ng
understand. People can get hurt in surprising and original new ways to execute terrorist a acks.” Although the
ways by prac oners of this dark cra . And, just as passage makes a case for nega vity and crea vity, it
important, an en re set of misbehaviours with the poten al does not in any way consider nega vity to be a
to help us learn more about human crea vity may be going
marker of crea vity, i.e. it does not state that one
unno ced and ignored.
must have nega ve personality traits in order to be
What if, a er knowing that the dark side exists, we crea ve. Hence, op on 2 is incorrect. While op on 3
consciously try to use it? Is that really always bad? Perhaps is true based on the last paragraph of the passage, it
we won’t lie to get into a theatre – but what if a surprise is not the central idea of the passage. The example of
birthday party for a friend requires sly and cra y planning,
Louis CK is merely used by the author to explain the
coordina on, and a great deal of decep on and
misdirec on? Can we then channel our dark energies to dark side of crea vity, and is not the central premise
bring joy to others? Sure; but this can become a slippery of the passage. A clue to this can be found in the
slope. If the goal switches to planning a surprise the , the sentence, “Dark humor should take a bow, as well”
same skills can harm others. with which the paragraph opens. This makes it
evident that dark humor is one of many things the
The dark art has been here all along. Just consider some
innova ve adver sing campaigns deriding a compe tor’s author is referring to and not the central idea. Hence,
product in favour of one’s own: the cola wars, the burger [4].
wars and the coffee wars are all notorious for hin ng at the
compe on’s lower quality, with direct or indirect
Correct Answer:


references. Is this dark? Sure; it’s an underhand way to get

through to your undecided consumer. Is it crea ve? Of
course! Should it be used? Definitely – it’s meant to increase
Time taken by you: 197 secs
your profit in a compe ve world.

Avg Time taken by all students: 212 secs

Previous Next Exit Review
Your A empt: Correct
Questions: 21 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

% Students got it correct: 78 %

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 4 ques ons.
Choose the best answer for each ques on.

Laypersons and academics alike have largely viewed 2) The phrase, “Sure; but this can become a slippery 
crea vity as a posi ve force, a no on challenged by the slope” (Paragraph 4) implies,
philosopher and educator Robert McLaren of California
State University, Fullerton in 1993. McLaren proposed that
crea vity had a dark side. As me went on, newer concepts If one ra onalizes the nega ve side of crea vity it
–nega ve and malevolent crea vity – included conceiving could be poten ally harmful.
original ways to cheat on tests or doing purposeful harm to To explain how one’s crea vity can slip down if one
others, for instance, innova ng new ways to execute begins to become nega ve.
terrorist a acks.
A person’s intelligence declines if they harness
nega ve crea vity.
We looked at the problem through what psychologists call
the four Ps of crea vity – person (the individual engaging in The dark side of crea vity declines over me.
the act), process (the strategy employed), product (the
crea ve outcome itself), and press (the situa on at hand.) Video Explana on:


A er aseries of five experiments, we concluded that
nega ve crea vity (product) is most likely to be displayed by
highly intelligent persons, with subclinical nega ve Explana on:


personality traits such as psychopathy, especially in open-
ended situa ons where decep on can succeed. When The phrase “slippery slope” means ‘an idea or course
crea ve people had a nega ve, morally ques onable goal of ac on which will lead to something unacceptable,
up-front, they were also more likely to lie. wrong, or disastrous’. The author uses this in rela on
to the end goal of crea vity differen a ng between
We confirmed the conten on that the dark side of crea vity using crea vity for planning a birthday party v/s using
exists, and is one that it’s important to acknowledge and it to perform a surprise threat. Sentences 3 & 4 of
understand. People can get hurt in surprising and original paragraph 4 help in understanding this: “Can we then
ways by prac oners of this dark cra . And, just as channel our dark energies to bring joy to others?
important, an en re set of misbehaviours with the poten al Sure; but this can become a slippery slope. If the goal
to help us learn more about human crea vity may be going switches to planning a surprise the , the same skills
unno ced and ignored. can harm others.” What this means is that if one slips
into the trap of nega vely harnessing crea vity, it can
What if, a er knowing that the dark side exists, we cause damage. Op on 2 is incorrect, because the
consciously try to use it? Is that really always bad? Perhaps sentence does not make any claim about a reduc on
we won’t lie to get into a theatre – but what if a surprise in crea vity. Op on 3 is also incorrect, because
birthday party for a friend requires sly and cra y planning, neither preceding nor following sentences speak
coordina on, and a great deal of decep on and about a person’s intelligence. Op on 4 is an incorrect
misdirec on? Can we then channel our dark energies to op on because the author does not make a
bring joy to others? Sure; but this can become a slippery correla on between the dark side of crea vity and
slope. If the goal switches to planning a surprise the , the me.
same skills can harm others. Hence, [1].

The dark art has been here all along. Just consider some
innova ve adver sing campaigns deriding a compe tor’s Correct Answer:


product in favour of one’s own: the cola wars, the burger

wars and the coffee wars are all notorious for hin ng at the
compe on’s lower quality, with direct or indirect Time taken by you: 74 secs
references. Is this dark? Sure; it’s an underhand way to get
through to your undecided consumer. Is it crea ve? Of Avg Time taken by all students: 71 secs
course! Should it be used? Definitely – it’s meant to increase
your profit in a compe ve world. Your A empt: Correct

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% Students got it correct: 74 %
Questions: 21 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

3) Based on the passage, all of the following are true 

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 4 ques ons. about adver sing EXCEPT:
Choose the best answer for each ques on.

Laypersons and academics alike have largely viewed Dark art has always been a part of innova ve
crea vity as a posi ve force, a no on challenged by the adver sing campaigns.
philosopher and educator Robert McLaren of California
In adver sing, products are o en pi ed against
State University, Fullerton in 1993. McLaren proposed that
each other.
crea vity had a dark side. As me went on, newer concepts
–nega ve and malevolent crea vity – included conceiving Some adver sements are aimed at deriding an
original ways to cheat on tests or doing purposeful harm to indecisive customer.
others, for instance, innova ng new ways to execute
Adver sing employs the side of crea vity to increase
terrorist a acks.
profits.

We looked at the problem through what psychologists call Video Explana on:


the four Ps of crea vity – person (the individual engaging in
the act), process (the strategy employed), product (the
crea ve outcome itself), and press (the situa on at hand.) Explana on:


A er aseries of five experiments, we concluded that
nega ve crea vity (product) is most likely to be displayed by While the passage makes a reference to an indecisive
highly intelligent persons, with subclinical nega ve customer, it does so in the context of adver sers
personality traits such as psychopathy, especially in open- cashing in on a customer’s indecisiveness i.e. using it
ended situa ons where decep on can succeed. When to their advantage - paragraph 5, sentence 3, “Sure;
crea ve people had a nega ve, morally ques onable goal it’s an underhand way to get through to your
up-front, they were also more likely to lie. undecided consumer.” It does not say anything about
ridiculing it. Hence Op on 3 is not true based on the
We confirmed the conten on that the dark side of crea vity passage. Op on 1 is true based on sentence 1 and 2
exists, and is one that it’s important to acknowledge and of paragraph 5, “The dark art has been here all along.
understand. People can get hurt in surprising and original Just consider some innova ve adver sing campaigns
ways by prac oners of this dark cra . And, just as deriding a compe tor’s product in favour of one’s
important, an en re set of misbehaviours with the poten al own…” Op on 2 is also true. In sentence 2 of the
to help us learn more about human crea vity may be going same paragraph, the author writes, “Just consider
unno ced and ignored. some innova ve adver sing campaigns deriding a
compe tor’s product in favour of one’s own: the cola
What if, a er knowing that the dark side exists, we wars, the burger wars and the coffee wars are all
consciously try to use it? Is that really always bad? Perhaps notorious for hin ng at the compe on’s lower
we won’t lie to get into a theatre – but what if a surprise quality, with direct or indirect references.” Thus it is
birthday party for a friend requires sly and cra y planning, true that adver sing aims at products compe ng with
coordina on, and a great deal of decep on and each other. Op on 4 is also true. This can be deduced
misdirec on? Can we then channel our dark energies to from the last sentence of paragraph 5, the author
bring joy to others? Sure; but this can become a slippery writes, “Definitely – it’s (adver sing is) meant to
slope. If the goal switches to planning a surprise the , the increase your profit in a compe ve world. Hence,
same skills can harm others. [3].

The dark art has been here all along. Just consider some
innova ve adver sing campaigns deriding a compe tor’s Correct Answer:


product in favour of one’s own: the cola wars, the burger

wars and the coffee wars are all notorious for hin ng at the
compe on’s lower quality, with direct or indirect Time taken by you: 164 secs
references. Is this dark? Sure; it’s an underhand way to get
through to your undecided consumer. Is it crea ve? Of Avg Time taken by all students: 48 secs
course! Should it be used? Definitely – it’s meant to increase
your profit in a compe ve world. Your A empt: Wrong

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% Students got it correct: 59 %
Questions: 21 to 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

4) In the second paragraph, the author uses 

The passage below is accompanied by a set of 4 ques ons.
“problem” to refer to the
Choose the best answer for each ques on.

Laypersons and academics alike have largely viewed viewing of crea vity without a social or moral lens.
crea vity as a posi ve force, a no on challenged by the
innova ng new ways to execute terrorist a acks.
philosopher and educator Robert McLaren of California
State University, Fullerton in 1993. McLaren proposed that high levels of intelligence in nega vely crea ve
crea vity had a dark side. As me went on, newer concepts persons.
–nega ve and malevolent crea vity – included conceiving
existence of a dark side to crea vity.
original ways to cheat on tests or doing purposeful harm to
others, for instance, innova ng new ways to execute
terrorist a acks. Video Explana on:


We looked at the problem through what psychologists call Explana on:


the four Ps of crea vity – person (the individual engaging in
the act), process (the strategy employed), product (the The first paragraph states laymen and academics view
crea ve outcome itself), and press (the situa on at hand.) crea vity as posi ve. McLaren, however, proposed a
A er aseries of five experiments, we concluded that dark side to it – when it is viewed without a moral
nega ve crea vity (product) is most likely to be displayed by lens. This leads to our limited understanding of
highly intelligent persons, with subclinical nega ve crea vity. The problem lay in crea vity being
personality traits such as psychopathy, especially in open- understood without the social and moral lens. Hence
ended situa ons where decep on can succeed. When op on 1 is the problem. Op on 2 is an example, and
crea ve people had a nega ve, morally ques onable goal op on 3 is an aspect of crea vity. Op on 4 in itself is
up-front, they were also more likely to lie. not the problem – the problem is limited
understanding of crea vity. Hence,[1].
We confirmed the conten on that the dark side of crea vity
exists, and is one that it’s important to acknowledge and
understand. People can get hurt in surprising and original Correct Answer:


ways by prac oners of this dark cra . And, just as
important, an en re set of misbehaviours with the poten al
to help us learn more about human crea vity may be going Time taken by you: 79 secs
unno ced and ignored.
Avg Time taken by all students: 6 secs
What if, a er knowing that the dark side exists, we
consciously try to use it? Is that really always bad? Perhaps
Your A empt: Wrong
we won’t lie to get into a theatre – but what if a surprise
birthday party for a friend requires sly and cra y planning,
% Students got it correct: 6 %
coordina on, and a great deal of decep on and
misdirec on? Can we then channel our dark energies to
bring joy to others? Sure; but this can become a slippery
slope. If the goal switches to planning a surprise the , the
same skills can harm others.

The dark art has been here all along. Just consider some
innova ve adver sing campaigns deriding a compe tor’s
product in favour of one’s own: the cola wars, the burger
wars and the coffee wars are all notorious for hin ng at the
compe on’s lower quality, with direct or indirect
references. Is this dark? Sure; it’s an underhand way to get
through to your undecided consumer. Is it crea ve? Of
course! Should it be used? Definitely – it’s meant to increase
your profit in a compe ve world.
Loading...
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Questions: 25 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the op on that best captures the author’s posi on.

Satellite imagery, like Google Earth, makes it easy for ecologists halfway around the world to check up on tropical forests—
see illegal roads and logging, for example. But the info is limited. Satellite data o en tells you what happens a er it's
happened. Sound recordings can supplement satellite data, as another conserva on tool. So you can hear things like
chainsaws or gunshots in real me. So you can get out ahead of poten al deforesta on before it occurs. Small audio
recorders, some of which are solar-powered and hooked to cell phone grids for data upload, also give ecologists the ability
to eavesdrop on a jungle's biodiversity over me. If you're in a primary forest, you'll tend to see all the frequencies of the
soundscape occupied by different species. As you move into a more disturbed ecosystem, you'd start to see more gaps
across the frequencies of that soundscape. Certain insects dominate. And the diversity of calls declines as disturbance
increases.
While the satellite imagery and audio recordings can be used as conserva on tools, algorithms are a
much more powerful to get a richer picture of changing tropical biodiversity.

Audio recordings combined with satellite imagery can help ecologists track illegal roads, selec ve
logging and disturbed ecosystems in tropical forests.

By coupling audio recordings with satellite imagery, ecologists can keep their eyes and ears on
protected tropical forests and monitor animal biodiversity for conserva on.

Satellite imagery conven onally used as a tool for conserva on has limited scope unless
supplemented by soundscapes of the ecosystem for the protec on of tropical forests.

Congratulations, you got it correct!

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 25 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


The passage is descriptive and the author explains how combining (audio recording) ‘soundscape’ with satellite imagery can help
track the changes to ecosystem in real time and overcome the limitations of depending only on data form satellite imagery (Google
earth). Option 1 mentions algorithms being more powerful and hence incorrect. Option 2is almost right except that it misses the
important element about conservation, which is included in option 3. Hence option 3 expresses the author’s position better. ‘Unless’
in option [4] makes it conditional and, therefore, incorrect. Hence, [3].

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 86 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 81 secs

Your Attempt: Correct

% Students got it correct: 36 %

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Questions: 25 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

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Questions: 26 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the op on that best captures the author’s posi on.

A newly released study, among others, notes that blacks have the highest cancer mortality rate when compared to other
racial and ethnic groups. People living in poverty have lower rates of rou ne screening and a lower likelihood of ge ng the
best possible treatment. In the U.S., Poverty USA reported that in 2016, Na ve Americans experienced the highest rate of
poverty at 27.6 per cent followed by blacks at 26.3 per cent and Hispanics at 23.4 per cent. For whites, the poverty rate is
12.4 per cent, and for Asians 12.3 per cent. This finding is par cularly important as the stage at cancer diagnosis influences
survival. Surviving cancer should not be determined by your ethnicity or your income level. But un l the gap in access to
care is eliminated, that will be the prognosis.
Income and ethnicity are closely linked to ge ng the best possible treatment for cancer.

Economic factors and ethnicity determine mortality gap between blacks and whites.

People living in poverty are more suscep ble to cancer and cancer mortality.

O en, ethnicity and income level determine whether a pa ent survives cancer.

Congratulations, you got it correct!

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 26 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


A study shows that blacks have the highest mortality rates compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Blacks also have higher
cancer mortality rate than other ethnic groups. Poverty determines access to treatment – and implicitly the possibility of survival.
The author’s position is that the factors a ecting cancer mortality are ethnicity and poverty. Option 1 does not mention mortality
rate due to cancer. Option 2 does not mention cancer at all. Option 3 talks about susceptibility to cancer and does not include
ethnicity. Hence options 1, 2 and 3 are incorrect. Option 4 expresses the author’s position in brief. Hence, [4].

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 90 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 56 secs

Your Attempt: Correct

% Students got it correct: 38 %

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Questions: 26 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 27 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the op on that best captures the author’s posi on.

Affirma ve ac on began as a government remedy to the effects of long-standing discrimina on against minority groups and
has consisted of policies, programs, and procedures that give preference to minori es and women in job hiring, admission
to ins tu ons of higher educa on, the awarding of government contracts, and other social benefits. The typical criteria for
affirma ve ac on are race, disability, gender, ethnic origin, and age.
The educa onal and employment opportuni es of minority groups are largely improved by
governmental policies that give them preferen al treatment.

Affirma ve ac on guarantees preferen al treatment to minori es based on their race, disability,

gender and age.

Affirma ve ac on is an ac ve effort to improve employment or educa onal opportuni es for

minority groups and for women.

Government policies for preferen al treatment to minori es can remedy the effect of long standing
discrimina on in society.

Congratulations, you got it correct!

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 27 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


Option 1 says ‘opportunities are largely improved.” This is not correct. Option 2 does not mention the opportunities – educational
and job hiring. Option 4 also fails to mention the nature of preferential treatment. Option 3 states the essence of the paragraph.
Hence, [3].

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 108 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 59 secs

Your Attempt: Correct

% Students got it correct: 45 %

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Questions: 27 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 28 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The four sentences labelled (1, 2, 3, 4) given in this ques on, when properly sequenced, form a coherent
paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper sequence of order of the
sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.

1. It is fun to engage in the ac vity of gaining knowledge; knowing everything in advance would have been
much more boring.
2. The scien fic enterprise is all about expanding the landmass of this island.
3. S ll, it would be shocking to learn all at once of the discoveries of an alien civiliza on that had been doing
scien fic and technological explora on for billions of years.
4. Despite the impression one gets from textbooks, our current knowledge of the universe represents a small
island in a vast ocean of ignorance.

1423

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 28 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


Answer: Op on 4213. The phrase, ‘this island’ in sentence 2 connects to ‘a small island in the vast ocean of ignorance’ in
sentence 4 – hence 42 is a mandatory pair. ‘…the ac vity of gaining knowledge’ in sentence 1 is an explana on of ‘the
scien fic enterprise is all about.’ Hence 42 is followed by sentence 1. The contrast in sentence 3 beginning with ‘s ll’ comes
suitably a er sentence 1. 4-2 and 1-3 being mandatory pairs, 1342 is another plausible sequence. (The emphasis changes
from the theme of 'limited scien fic knowledge of the universe to the 'fun ac vity of gaining knowledge') However, “to
learn all at once of the discoveries of an alien civiliza on...’ in sentence 3 makes be er sense when the idea of “our
(limited) current knowledge of the universe…” is already introduced. Hence, 4213

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 57 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 44 secs

Your Attempt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 28 %

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 28 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 29 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The four sentences labelled (1, 2, 3, 4) given in this ques on, when properly sequenced, form a coherent
paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper sequence of order of the
sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.

1. In countries lacking the will or capacity to root out organized crime and corrup on, compelling
transparency and accountability can have perverse results.
2. As a result, the impact of inves ga ve journalism varies widely by country and over me.
3. In countries where law-enforcement authori es are independent from the central government and private
interests, inves ga ve repor ng can have an immediate impact on preven ng corrup on and state capture.
4. While journalists increasingly cooperate across borders, na onal law-enforcement authori es are s ll
playing catch-up in comba ng crime and corrup on.

1243

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 29 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


Sentence 2 can only be result of what is stated in sentence 4. Hence 2 must follow 4. Neither 1 nor 3 can be placed before
the 4-2 pair. Thus, the pair 42 starts the paragraph and sentence 3 and 1 follow the pair in that order. Compelling
transparency and accountability refers to the ‘inves ga ve repor ng’ men oned in 3; Hence 31 is the correct order a er
42. Hence, 4231.

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 83 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 6 secs

Your Attempt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 5 %

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Questions: 29 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 30 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The four sentences labelled (1, 2, 3, 4) given in this ques on, when properly sequenced, form a coherent
paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper sequence of order of the
sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.

1. Research shows in both humans and mice, rocking to sleep may have significant health benefits such as
be er quality of sleep and even improved long-term memory forma on.
2. Rocking babies to sleep—to both quiet the wails of youth and preserve the sanity of young parents—has
been commonplace da ng back to prehistory.
3. Even in people who were already good sleepers, rocking shortened the me it took for subjects to fall
asleep, and also to reach non-REM sleep, which correlates with improved sleep quality.
4. Similarly, rhythmic mo ons like the muted clank of a train ride coax many of us adults into an instant
slumber.

1324

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 30 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

01:34

Explanation:


Sentences 1 and 3 are mandatory in that order because sentence 1 men ons the ‘be er quality of sleep’ resul ng from
‘rocking’. Sentence 3 with “even in people who were already good sleepers rocking … improved quality’ follows logically
form sentence 1. Sentences 2 and 4 in that order is chronologically correct – that historically and currently rocking has been
found to induce sleep. With two mandatory pairs 2413 and 1324 are the two possibili es. 2413 is logically a be er
sequence as the improved quality of sleep follows from the historically and currently observed rela onship between
rocking and sleep. Hence, 2413.

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 107 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 8 secs

Your Attempt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 6 %

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 30 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 31 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

The four sentences labelled (1, 2, 3, 4) given in this ques on, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each
sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper sequence of order of the sentences and key in this sequence of
four numbers as your answer.

1. These ini a ves are inspired by the strict prohibi ons in the Qur’an against the payment of interest.
2. Across the Muslim world today ambi ous experiments are underway to create an Islamic alterna ve to conven onal
finance.
3. In so doing, these experts offer an alterna ve to the debt-fueled excesses and recurrent crises that have roiled
economies around the world in recent years.
4. Whereas interest-based lending is the primary mechanism for the mobiliza on of capital in financial centers such as Wall
Street, Islamic finance experts are devising instruments that pose investment as the central mechanism.

4123

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 31 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


Options 1, 3 and 4 cannot start the paragraph because they begin with reference to something else. Sentence 2 thus starts the
paragraph. The phrase, ‘ambitious experiments’ in 2 are referred to as ‘these initiatives in sentence 1. Hence 2-1 begins the
paragraph. “Islamic nance experts are devising instruments…’ in sentence 4 is continued as “in so doing these experts o er…” in
sentence 3. Thus 4-3 comes after 21. Hence, 2143.

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 87 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 40 secs

Your Attempt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 31 %

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Questions: 31 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 32 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful
and coherent short paragraph. Iden fy the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.

1. Behaviourists have already marked the alarming changes in communica on skills and empathy among tech-
addicted kids.

2. Experts advise that kids should spend more me outdoors engaging in normal play.

3. So it’s cause for concern that Paediatrics & Child Health reports that in a two-year span mobile media use
among kids aged two to four more than doubled: from 39% to 80% in the U.S.

4. Kids who are heavy users of video games, social media, TV and cell phones are more prone to depression
and anxiety.

5. One of the things you’re messing with if you are on a screen all day is the development of your emo onal
intelligence when you are young and s ll growing.

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 32 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


Sentence 1 is a good starter in itself – and states the theme of the paragraph. Sentence 5 or, more meaningfully, sentence 4
can follow sentence 1. The theme of the paragraph is how tech addic on affects their emo onal intelligence causes
depression and anxiety. So, it’s cause for concern that … mobile media use among kids aged two to four (has) more than
doubled in recent years. Sentence 2 is not related to the theme of the effects and the concerns related to tech addic on in
children. Hence, 2.

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 40 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 33 secs

Your Attempt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 29 %

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Questions: 32 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Previous Next Exit Review

Questions: 33 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent
short paragraph. Iden fy the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.

1. With climate change, coffee is going to be one of those genera that are going to be highly impacted because of its limited
suitability for wider eco-regions.
2. Coffee species are notoriously difficult to conserve for a variety of reasons.
3. We definitely need to develop cryopreserva on capabili es if we're interested in preserving the wild rela ves of many of
our tropical crop species.
4. Also, whereas the Coffee genus is represented around the globe, each wild species has a very small natural distribu on.
5. Each species has very specific climate requirements and is highly specialized to tolerate a narrow range of habitat
condi ons.

Congratulations, you got it correct!

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 33 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension


Change Section here

Explanation:


Sentence 2 explicitly states the theme, and gives us the clue for what to look for further – the variety of reasons explaining why
conservation of co ee is notoriously di cult. Sentence 1 gives one reason. Sentence 4 gives another reason. If we try to relate the
remaining sentences 3 and 5 to the theme, we nd that ‘each species’ in sentence 5 refers to each species of co ee, and states
another reason why conservation of co ee is di cult. Sentence 3 is too general, and talks about the need for cryopreservation
capabilities which is not directly related to the theme of the other four sentences. Hence, 3.

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 44 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 41 secs

Your Attempt: Correct

% Students got it correct: 42 %

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Questions: 33 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

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Questions: 34 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent
short paragraph. Iden fy the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.

1. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems going to school, seeing a doctor, receiving
government services, ge ng a bank account, finding a job, traveling across a border, or having access to many other rights
and services most of us take for granted.
2. We have many ways to prove our iden ty: a birth cer ficate, a driver’s license, a Social Security card, or a passport.
3. But imagine for a moment that you are one of the es mated one billion people in the world—most of them among the
poorest and the most vulnerable—who have no official iden fica on.
4. At the same me, there is growing awareness in the global community that with a proof of ID, the world’s poorest people
have a powerful tool to be seen, heard, and improve their lives.
5. Without an ID, you would be nameless in the eyes of the government and largely ignored.

Oops, you got it wrong!

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Video Explanation:
Questions: 34 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension

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Change Section here

01:22

Explanation:

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Answer: Option 4. The clue to discovering the theme lies in sentence 1 and then sentence 5. Both talk about the situation ‘when
someone is “without an ID….” Sentence 3 beginning with ‘but’ ask us to ‘imagine for a moment that you are one of the estimated one
billion people in the world…who have no o cial identi cation.’ Thus it is still related to the theme of sentences 1 and 5. Thus
sentences 1, 2 and 5 are closely related. “But” in sentence 3 helps us to relate sentence 3 to sentence 2 as …. We have many ways to
prove our identity….. but imagine you are one of those who have no o cial identi cation. So sentence 4 beginning with ‘at the same
time… ‘is a mis t. Hence, 4

Correct Answer: 

Time taken by you: 35 secs

Avg Time taken by all students: 71 secs

Your Attempt: Wrong

% Students got it correct: 39 %

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Questions: 34 of 34 Section : Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Change Section here

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