5 A

Our future

vocabulary and listening

Computing
I can talk about
computers and
THIS UNIT INCLUDES
Vocabulary • computing • noun prefixes • compound nouns (1)
• verb + noun collocations • making, accepting and declining suggestions
Grammar • zero conditional • speculating and predicting: will, may, might, etc.
• first conditional • future perfect and future continuous • will, going to and
present continuous • verbs followed by an infinitive • future time clauses
Speaking • talking about the future • discussing environmental issues
• making plans
Writing • an essay: for and against

computing.

1 Read what three young people say about computers and how 3 Match the two parts of the sentences.
they use them. Who is the most similar to you? 1 If you haven’t got broadband,
2 If you click on this link,
Jenny: ‘We’ve had broadband since January, and it’s 3 If you haven’t got a DVD-writer,
really changed the way we use our computer. We’ve 4 If you type in your password,
bought a webcam, so we can video chat with our 5 If you want to know what I’ve been doing,
friends in the States. I also download a lot more 6 If you plug this flash drive into the USB port,
music and videos from the Net because it’s faster a you can’t burn DVDs.
now, and I burn them onto CDs and DVDs.’ b you can copy the files onto your laptop.
Rob: ‘I use a laptop at home. We’ve got a wireless c you can log onto this website.
router in the hall, so it’s easy to get online in any d it takes a long time to download files from the Internet.
room in the house. I’ve got my own website with e your browser will take you to the Wikipedia website.
photos of myself, my family and my friends. I write a f you should read my blog.
blog (when I remember) so that my friends know all ●●● Grammar Builder 5.1: Zero conditional: p. 114
my news. My website also includes lots of links to my
other favourite websites.’
4 ≤ 1.33 Listen to a customer in a
Belinda: ‘We haven’t got a computer at home, but computer shop. What does he buy?
there’s an Internet café near my home. I go there
two or three times a week and log onto my e-mail
account. I also surf the Internet and visit some of my
favourite websites. I occasionally download music.
The computer that I use hasn’t got a CD-writer, but b a keyboard, a mouse
it’s easy to copy files onto a flash drive.’ and a pair of speakers c a gaming console
and a computer game
2 Complete the definitions using the words in red in exercise 1.
d an LCD monitor
1 are connections between different web pages or and a printer
different parts of a web page. a a laptop
and a scanner
2 is a fast, permanent connection to the Internet.
3 A allows you to and surf the Internet
without plugging any wires into your computer.
4 A allows you to send video pictures via the Internet.
5 ≤ 1.33 Listen again. Complete the descriptions with the
numbers in the box and match them to the items in exercise 4.
5 A is a small, portable computer.
6 A is a diary that you write on the Internet. 2 8 20 50 512
7 If your computer has a , you can
information from your computer onto a CD. 1 It’s got a gigabyte hard drive.
8 The is another word for the Internet. 2 There are multimedia keys.
9 To is to communicate via the Internet with voice 3 It has buttons, so you can left-click or right-click.
and video pictures. 4 It can hold sheets of paper.
10 To means to copy from the Internet onto your 5 It’s got megabytes of RAM.
computer.
11 You usually a website by entering your username 6 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
and password. 1 How often do you use computer equipment?
12 A is a very small, portable device for storing 2 What do you use it for?
computer files. 3 How has the way you use a computer changed in the last five years?
●●● Vocabulary Builder 5.1: Noun prefixes: p. 132

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5B grammar

Talking about the future

I can speculate about the
future and make predictions.

1 Read the text and look at the photo. What is this man’s job? 4 Work in pairs. Ask your partner the questions from
Why is he good at it? exercise 3. Make a note of his or her answers by writing 1–4 in
the chart.
If you try to predict the future of technology, Will you learn to drive?
youll probably get it horribly wrong – like
the prediction made by T.J. Watson, the
Yes, I think so. / I may. / I might. / No, I don’t think so.
head of IBM, in 1943: I think there may be
a world market for five computers in total.
Soon, in rich countries, there will be more First conditional

LEARN THIS!
computers than people. 1 We often make predictions with the first conditional.
However, Kazuo Kashio, the president of If you buy a laptop, you’ll be able to work anywhere.
Casio, is particularly good at predicting the 2 We can use may, might or could in the main clause.
future. I can tell immediately which gadgets If you write a blog, you might be famous.
will sell well and which gadgets wont.
So what will be the best-selling gadgets ten years from now? Surprisingly, 5 ≤1.34 Read the Learn this! box above. Then listen to two
Kazuo believes that watches may be the future – watches with different young people making predictions about the future of the
functions. For example, they could be mobile phones, MP3 players and planet. Who is more optimistic: Martin or Bryony?
computers as well. It will be the ultimate mobile gadget that you cant
drop. Judging by his success in the past, he might be right! 6 ≤ 1.34 Listen again. Complete Martin and Bryony’s
predictions using the correct form of the verbs in the box.

2 Read the Learn this! box. Find an example of these structures become change destroy find have hit live
in the text: may, might, could, will, first conditional. program not reduce use

Speculating and predicting 1 If we don’t reduce carbon emissions, the world’s climate will
LEARN THIS!

0% 100% change.
won’t >> might/could >> may >> will probably >> will 2 If petrol very expensive, people their cars less.
3 If we robots to do a lot of menial jobs, everybody
1 To talk about possibility in the future, we can use
more time for hobbies and relaxation.
may, might or could followed by a base form. Might
4 If scientists cures for all major diseases, people
and could suggest a weaker possibility than may.
much longer.
He may/might/could/ buy a computer. 5 If a huge meteorite the earth, it everything.
2 We use may not or might not for the negative – we do
not use could not. Speaking tip
3 To make predictions, we can use will. When we are
Use these expressions to say that you agree or disagree with
not certain, we use I think or probably.
a statement:
It will probably rain tomorrow. I think that’s true. / I don’t think that’s true.
I agree / don’t agree with (you / him / that opinion).
3 Look at the numbers in the chart and the key below. Write I believe / don’t believe that’s right.
sentences about Vince’s future using will / won’t, may, might
and could. 7 Read the speaking tip. Say whether you agree or
1 He’ll learn to drive. disagree with the predictions in exercise 6. Give reasons.
1 = yes 2 = possibility 3 = weaker possibility 4 = no
8 Complete these predictions about the future with
Will you: Vince Your partner your own ideas. Then tell the class. Do they agree?
1 learn to drive? 1 1 If computers become more intelligent than humans, …
2 If everybody lives past the age of 100, …
2 get married? 2 3 If the world’s climate becomes warmer, …
3 have children? 2 4 If computer games start to look and feel exactly the same as
real life, …
4 have four or more children? 4
5 move abroad? 3 ●●● Grammar Builder 5.2: Speculating and predicting: p. 114
6 stay fit? 1

Unit 5 • Our future 45

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5C culture

A greener future
I can understand and react to an article
about politics and the environment.

1 Look at the posters for a political party. What issues do you 3 Are the sentences true or false?
think this party campaigns for? Make a list of your ideas. 1 In Britain, voting in elections is more popular than voting
in TV shows like Pop Idol for people under 24.
2 The Green Party in the UK used to have a different name.
3 The Green Party has been more successful in local and
European elections than in general elections.
4 The Green Party is in favour of scientific experiments on
animals if they are really necessary.
5 The Green Party is in favour of people using public
transport instead of their cars.
6 The Green Party is the only party in Britain that talks about
recycling and renewable energy.

4 Complete the paragraph with the highlighted words in the text

in exercise 2. Is the political system similar in your country?
In Britain, there are 1 at least once every five years,
2 Read the text. Does it mention any of your ideas from when everybody aged 18 or older can 2 to decide the
exercise 1?
next government. A few months before the election, all the
main political 3 publish a manifesto which describes
GOING GREEN their most important 4
and says what they will do if
In Britain today, more 18–24-year-olds vote in TV shows they win. They then 5 for people’s votes by discussing
like Pop Idol than in general elections. All political parties the issues on TV and radio. The candidates who get the most
are trying to encourage more young people to get involved votes win 6 in the 7 , which is the most important
in politics. This means talking about the issues that are 8
part of the British . (The other part is called the House
important to them.
of Lords.) There are often local elections at the same time,
The first political party to make the environment an
when people choose their local 9 .
important issue was The Green Party. The party has existed in
the UK for about 30 years. (For the first ten years, it was called 5 ≤ 1.35 Listen to five teenagers giving their opinions
the Ecology Party.) The Greens do not have any seats in the about environmental issues. Match each speaker (1–5) with
House of Commons because in general elections most people two opinions.
vote for the three main parties: Labour, the Conservatives a We should use solar and wind power to heat our
and the Liberal Democrats. However, they have several MEPs water at home.
(Members of the European Parliament) and many local b We won’t be able to use land-fill sites for much longer.
councillors across Britain. They campaign on many issues, c We should avoid travelling by plane.
including:
d We should use rockets to send rubbish into space.
• animal rights: they want to ban scientific experiments e We shouldn’t use cars for short journeys.
on animals and improve conditions for animals on farms f There’s too much packaging on things we buy.
• transport: they want to reduce the amount of traffic g The government should ban large, powerful cars.
and pollution by making buses and trains cheaper, and h We shouldn’t go on holiday to distant places.
by encouraging people to walk and cycle more i We shouldn’t replace gadgets and electrical
• green energy: they want to invest in clean, renewable appliances unless they are broken.
sources of energy – wind farms, wave and solar power j The government should invest in renewable energy.
• food and farming: they are against GM (genetically
modified) food and the use of chemicals in farming
6 Do you agree or disagree with the opinions in
exercise 5? Give reasons.
Twenty years ago, politicians who weren’t in the Green
Party hardly ever talked about ‘green’ issues like recycling, 7 Work in pairs. Think of three things the local
renewable energy and climate change. But today, all political council or the public should do to help the environment
parties have ‘green’ policies. People are realising that the earth where you live. Make notes. Then tell the class your
is in danger. If we don’t change our way of life, the results will opinions. Do they agree or disagree?
be disastrous for our planet.
●●● Vocabulary Builder 5.2: Compound nouns (1): p. 133

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5D grammar

Future perfect and future continuous

I can talk about actions in
the future and when they
will happen.

1 Look at the picture. What do you think it is? Read the text 1 In July 2015, Maxicom (build) the hotel.
and find out. 2 In March 2018, they (build) the hotel.
3 In June 2017, they (look) for staff to work in the
hotel.
4 In June 2018, they (train) the staff.
5 From August 2017, they (advertise) the hotel.
6 By August 2018, they (train) the staff.
7 In August 2018, the first guests (stay) at the hotel.
8 By November 2018, the first guests (finish) their
holiday.
●●● Grammar Builder 5.3: Future perfect and future
continuous: p. 115

4 Complete the text about Joel’s future. Use the future perfect
or future continuous form of the verbs in the box.

do drive earn find not get married

go out leave not live share

In twenty years’ time, adventurous holiday-makers will have ‘In five years’ time, I 1 school. I 2 a computing
run out of exciting things to do on earth. They will have course and I 3
a job in IT. Maybe I 4
a lot of
been everywhere and tried everything. They’ll be looking money in my job. If I am, I 5 an expensive car! I
for new adventures. That’s why the Maxicom Hotel chain is 6
with my parents. Perhaps I 7 a flat with
planning to build a hotel on the moon.
some friends. I hope that I 8 with the same
Hotels in space have existed for years in science fiction
girlfriend – but we 9 yet.’ Joel, 17
stories, but Maxicom’s plans are not fiction – they’re real.
By the end of this year, the company will have finished its 5 Think about your own life one year from now. What will you
design for the Lunar Palace Hotel. Soon after that, they will have done? Tick (✓) or cross (✗) the things in the list.
be starting the building work.
• finish this book • have a birthday
• do some exams • leave school
2 Read the Learn this! box. Underline all the examples of the • buy a flat • start university
future perfect and future continuous in the text in exercise 1.
• get a job • earn a lot of money
Then complete the rules.
6 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about
Future perfect and future continuous
LEARN THIS!

your life in a year’s time. Use the list from exercise 5 and your
1 We form the future perfect with own ideas.
will have + past participle
This time next week, I’ll have done my exams. Will you have finished this book in a year’s time?
2 We form the future continuous with
will be + -ing form Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
This time next week, I’ll be doing my exams.
3 We use the future to talk about a completed 7 Work in pairs. Find out what your partner will be
action in the future. doing at:
4 We use the future to talk about an action in 1 eight o’clock this evening.
progress in the future. 2 six o’clock tomorrow morning.
3 nine o’clock tomorrow morning.
3 Look at Maxicom’s timetable for the hotel on the moon. Then 4 midday next Saturday.
complete the sentences with the future perfect or future 5 midnight next Saturday.
continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 6 11.59 p.m. on 31 December.
Start to build the hotel Jan 2015
Jan–Jul 2017 What will you be doing at eight o’clock this evening?
Look for staff to work at the hotel
Start to advertise the hotel from Aug 2017
I’ll be having dinner.
Finish building the hotel Dec 2017
Train staff Jan–Jul 2018
Welcome first guests for one-month holiday Aug 2018
Unit 5 • Our future 47

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5E reading

Visions of the future

I can understand and react to
experts’ predictions for the future.

1 Look at the pictures which show visions of the future fifty

years from now. Describe them.

2 Which one do you think is the most likely to come true?

Fifty Years On
1 Sir David King, scientific adviser to 3 J Richard Gott, physicist
the British Government During the next fifty years, our earth might suffer a
If we don’t reduce carbon emissions, the earth will catastrophe. Humans could disappear, just like the
become warmer, polar ice will melt and the oceans will dinosaurs and hundreds of other species. The best
rise. Cities like London and New York will disappear way to make humans safe from extinction is to start
under the water. By 2100, Antarctica could be the only a colony on Mars. This is not a prediction but a hope.
continent that is suitable for human life – the rest of Will we be smart enough to do it?
the world will be too hot.
4 Ellen Heber-Katz, biologist
2 Francis Collins, geneticist I believe that soon we will be able to repair the human
Fifty years from now, millions of people will live past body in the same way that we can replace damaged
the age of 100 and remain healthy. This will happen parts of a car or a washing machine. Five years from
because we’ll be able to study each person’s genetic now, we will be able to grow new fingers, and, a few
code and find the best way to treat and prevent years after that, new arms and legs. Within fifty years,
illnesses in that individual. In about fifty years’ time, replacing your whole body will be normal.
the most important question for our society might not
be ‘How long can humans live?’ but ‘How long do we
want to live?’

48 Unit 5 • Our future

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3 Read the reading tip. Then read the texts and match the
opinions with experts 1–6. There is one opinion that you do
not need.
a hopes that people will go and live on another planet,
in case there’s a terrible disaster on Earth.
b thinks that computers will find things out without the
help of humans.
c predicts that the human race will become extinct.
d predicts that in about 2060 people may be able to
determine their own lifespan.
e thinks that the coldest place on Earth might one day
have the best climate for humans.
f predicts that medical advances will allow us to grow
new limbs.
g thinks that we’ll be able to communicate directly with
search engines and they’ll tell us what we need to know.

4 Match the verbs and nouns to make phrases from the texts.
1 reduce a a catastrophe
2 treat b information
3 suffer c damaged parts
4 start d important discoveries
5 replace e carbon emissions
6 provide f a colony
7 make g illnesses

5 Complete the sentences with phrases from exercise 4.

5 Peter Norvig, director of research
1 You of a machine when it breaks down.
at Google 2 They’ve developed new drugs to .
Today, people all over the world have access 3 The tourist office can about hotels.
to billions of pages of text on the Internet. At 4 Computers have helped scientists to about
the moment, they use search engines to find space.
information, but fifty years from now, people will 5 We need to use our cars less in order to and stop
simply discuss their needs with their computer, and global warming.
the computer will make suggestions and provide 6 Nobody is certain what caused the dinosaurs to
usable information, not just a list of links. and become extinct.
7 In the seventeenth century, a group of pilgrims left
England to in North America.
6 Eric Horvitz, principal researcher
at Microsoft Research ●●● Vocabulary Builder 5.3: Verb + noun collocations: p. 133
In fifty years’ time, computers will be much
more intelligent than today, and this will change 6 In your opinion, which expert’s prediction is:
people’s lives. Computers will help people work, 1 the most optimistic? Give reasons.
learn, plan and decide. They will help people 2 the most pessimistic? Give reasons.
from different countries to understand each other 3 the most interesting? Give reasons.
by automatically translating from one language 4 the most likely to come true? Give reasons.
to another. Intelligent computers will work
as scientists, and will start to make important 7 Work in pairs. Make three predictions about the world in fifty
discoveries on their own. years’ time. Use the ideas in the box to help you.

buildings climate computers education

entertainment health space transport work
Reading tip
When you’re looking for specific information in the text, read 8 Tell the class your predictions. Do they agree or
the first sentence of each paragraph. The first sentence disagree?
usually shows you what the whole paragraph will be about.

Unit 5 • Our future 49

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5F everyday english

Talking about plans

I can suggest and agree on
plans for the weekend.

3 Work in pairs. Practise reading the dialogue in

exercise 1 replacing the words in red with your own ideas.

4 ≤ 1.37 Listen to two dialogues. What does each pair arrange

to do on Sunday evening?
1 Michelle and Damien:
2 Paula and Richard:

5 ≤1.37 Read the Learn this! box below. Listen again and
tick the phrases that the speakers use: four for making
suggestions, two for accepting suggestions and two for
Kirsty What are your plans for the weekend?
declining suggestions.
Frank I’m playing tennis on Saturday afternoon.
Kirsty What about Sunday? Making suggestions

LEARN THIS!
Frank I’m going to stay in and do some homework during Shall we … ? Why don’t we / you … ? Let’s …
the day. What about you? Have you got plans? Do you fancy (+ -ing form)? Maybe we / you could …
Kirsty Yes, I have. I’m going to do some shopping on Accepting suggestions
Saturday, and on Sunday, I’m having lunch with my Great idea. That’s a good idea. Sure.
family at a restaurant. Shall we do something on Declining suggestions
Saturday evening? I’m afraid I can’t. I don’t really fancy (+ -ing form).
Frank I’m afraid I can’t. My parents are going out and Thanks, but I’ve already got plans for …
they’ve asked me to babysit. It’s kind of you to ask, but …
Kirsty Well, what about Sunday evening?
Frank Sure. What do you fancy doing? 6 Work in pairs. Practise making suggestions and
Kirsty Why don’t we go to the cinema? reacting to them using phrases from the Learn this! box above.
Frank That’s a good idea. I’ll find out what’s on. Use activities from the box in exercise 1 and your own ideas.
Kirsty OK. Let’s speak again on Sunday morning.
Frank Fine. I’ll call you. Why don’t we watch a DVD?

That’s a good idea.

1 ≤ 1.36 Read and listen to the dialogue. What are Kirsty
and Frank planning to do this weekend? Write K (Kirsty) and
7 Work in pairs. Prepare a dialogue using the chart
F (Frank) next to the activities in the box.
below. Use phrases from exercise 5.

do some homework go to the cinema A

do some shopping play computer games Ask what B’s plans are for the weekend.
write some e-mails read B
play tennis watch a DVD Say what your plans are for Saturday. Suggest
visit relatives have lunch at a restaurant doing something on Sunday afternoon.

2 Read the Learn this! box and underline all the examples of Decline B’s suggestion. Give a reason.
the tenses in the dialogue. Make a suggestion for Sunday evening.

will, going to and present continuous Accept A’s suggestion.

LEARN THIS!

1 We use will for things we decide to do as we are

speaking (instant decisions, offers, promises). Offer to find out more information
2 We use going to for things we have already decided (e.g. times, prices, etc.).
to do (intentions).
3 We use the present continuous for things we have Agree. Promise to call A at a specified
already agreed to do, usually with somebody else time on Sunday.
(arrangements).

●●●
8 Act out your dialogue to the class.
Grammar Builder 5.4: will, going to and
present continuous: p. 116

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5G writing

An essay: for and against

I can write an essay presenting
my opinion for or against a statement.

1 Read the task below and the essay. Does the writer generally c 1 An introduction to the main issues.
agree or disagree with the statement in the task? In which 2 Evidence to support the opposite side of the argument
paragraph is the writer’s opinion clearly stated? from the writer’s opinion.
3 Evidence to support the writer’s own opinion.
4 A summary of the writer’s opinion.
‘Twenty years from now, the world will be
a better place to live in.’ Do you agree Look out!
or disagree with the statement? Give I think + won’t does not sound natural in English.
It’s better to use I don’t think + will.
reasons.
I think I won’t pass my exams. ✗
I don’t think I’ll pass my exams. ✓
1 The modern world is changing faster than at 3 Read the Look out! box. Find an example of I don’t think +
any time in history. This is creating problems for will in the essay in exercise 1.
our planet, but it is also creating new and exciting
opportunities. Twenty years from now, which will 4 Write sentences expressing your own ideas of the future in
make the most difference to our lives – the problems fifty years. Use I think or I don’t think + will.
or the opportunities? That is the key question.
1 robots / replace factory workers
2 Many people are pessimistic about the future of 2 doctors / be able to cure most diseases
our planet. They believe that entire regions will be 3 new diseases / appear
uninhabitable because of global warming. Others 4 ordinary people / be much richer
argue that the world will become more and more 5 computers / be much cheaper
polluted, until it is no longer a safe or healthy place to 6 global warming / cause serious problems
live. It is true that global warming and pollution have 7 scientists / invent new forms of transport
both increased rapidly during the past twenty years. If 8 children / spend a lot of time playing outside
they increase at the same rate during the next twenty 9 most people / live much longer
years, the situation will become disastrous.
5 Read the task below and think about your own opinions.
3 On the other hand, there are many reasons to be Use ideas from exercise 4 to help you.
optimistic about the future. During the next twenty
years, there will be important advances in medicine
and technology. Our lives will be healthier and more
‘Fifty years from now, life will be much easier
enjoyable because doctors will be able to cure most and healthier for ordinary people than it is
illnesses. What is more, I believe that scientists today.’ Do you agree or disagree with the
will find ways to slow down or even prevent global
warming.
statement? Give reasons.
4 In conclusion, I believe that life will be better twenty
years from now. Although there are serious problems 6 Copy the paragraph plan you chose in exercise 2 into your
facing the world, I don’t think that the situation will get notebook. Then add your ideas from exercise 5.
out of control. I believe science will advance quickly
Writing tip
enough to find solutions.
Remember that we normally use the present simple in
future time clauses beginning when.
2 Choose the paragraph plan that matches the essay in
exercise 1. When I reach my sixties, people will retire much later.
People will have to find greener alternatives to cars when
a 1 An introduction to the main issues.
fossil fuels run out.
2 Evidence to support the writer’s own opinion.
3 Evidence to support the opposite side of the argument
●●● Grammar Builder 5.5: Future time clauses: p. 116
from the writer’s opinion.
4 A summary of the writer’s opinion.
7 Read the writing tip. Then write an essay of 200–250 words
b 1 A summary of the writer’s opinion. following your plan from exercise 6.
2 An introduction to the main issues.
3 Evidence to support the opposite side of the argument
from the writer’s opinion.
4 Evidence to support the writer’s own opinion.

Unit 5 • Our future 51

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Get ready for your Exam 5
1 Look at the sports in the box. How old D But there was more to life in ancient Egypt than building
do you think they are? Underline the ones that you think pyramids and mummifying bodies.
were known in ancient Egypt. E And the famous murals, the pictures which decorated
their tombs and temples, are still there to tell us the
boxing cricket curling hockey horse riding
story of these activities.
javelin rugby swimming wrestling yoga
F That is why we know so much about ancient Egyptian
sports and the clothes that were generally worn while
2 Read the text in the exam task quickly. What sports from
participating in them.
exercise 1 are mentioned in the text?
G Another activity not usually associated with the ancient
Egyptians is horse riding, which was keenly pursued
3 Do the Reading exam task.
once horses had been introduced to Egypt in 1650 BC.
Reading exam task
4 Do the Use of English exam task.
Six sentences have been removed from the text. Choose
from sentences A–G the one that best fits each gap. There Use of English exam task
is one sentence that you don’t need.
Complete the text with the correct form of the words given.
SPORTS IN Chess-boxing
ANCIENT EGYPT Most people would regard chess and
boxing as so different that they are
Egypt has been called the cradle of human civilisation, and almost opposites: one relies on
museums are full of fascinating and beautiful artefacts taken physical 1 (STRONG), courage
1
from the burial chambers of the pharaohs. People led and aggression, the other on mental
normal lives and enjoyed many of the same things that we 2
(CONCENTRATE), planning
still enjoy today. For example, physical fitness was almost and tactics. But despite (or perhaps
a national obsession. From about 3,000 BC up until the because of) these 3
(DIFFERENT), a new sport has been
Roman occupation, Egypt was a land of people training and
2 invented which combines the two: chess-boxing. In a chess-
strengthening their bodies. The murals depict both men boxing match, the two 4 (COMPETE) take part in
and women of all social classes participating in sports. The alternating rounds of chess and boxing. The contest starts
oldest shows a pharaoh who lived in about 3,000 BC, which with a round of chess, followed by a round of boxing, followed
is over 5,000 years ago. We can see him participating in by another round of chess, and so on, up to a maximum of
a running competition.
3
Athletics, wrestling and other eleven rounds: six of chess and five of boxing. The rounds of
games were also very popular among children. In fact, it chess are a minute 5 (LONG) than the rounds of boxing.
would probably be easier to list the sports not practised in You achieve victory in a chess-boxing match by 6 (WIN)
Egypt than mention all those we know were popular. either the chess or the boxing. In the chess rounds, you can
win by checkmate, or by your opponent running out of time on
Although many people associate Egypt with sand and the clock. In the boxing, you can win by a knock-out or by the
deserts, it is a land whose existence revolves around its referee’s 7 (DECIDE). If there is no winner at chess or
4
river – the Nile. They used most of the strokes we know boxing, the 8 (PLAY) with the black chess pieces wins.
today. Wrestling, boxing and other types of combat sport Chess-boxing is a minority sport, but it is growing 9
were also commonly practised. Yoga, which is not usually (STEADY). The first world championship was held in Berlin in
connected with Egypt, was popular as well.
5 2007 and was won by a 37-year-old German policeman
10
(NAME) Frank Stoldt thanks to a checkmate in the
The idea of sport for leisure was widespread but the chess in round seven.
Egyptians also enthusiastically organised championships and
6
held competitions. In order to make sure decisions were
made fairly, without national bias, the judges were also from 5 Work in pairs. Read the task in exercise
various countries. Naturally, the competitions attracted plenty 6 and think of three arguments in favour of the statement
of participants as well as spectators. and three against it. Then compare your ideas with the class.
A It is therefore hardly surprising that swimming was a
6 Do the Speaking exam task.
particular favourite of the ancient Egyptians.
B Some of these were on an international scale, with Speaking exam task
participants from neighbouring countries.
C Hatshepsut, a pharaoh queen of the 18th dynasty, Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons.
seemed to enjoy the same sport and other rulers were Professional sportswomen should earn as much money
equally fit and active. as professional sportsmen.

52 Get ready for your exam 5

08 Solut_Int_SB1 U5 Czech.indd Sec1:52 23/4/08 14:43:02

Get ready for your Exam 6
1 Look at the picture. What do you think 5 Work in pairs. Discuss which of these tasks robots or
this is? Use may, might or could. machines:
a can do now.
This might be a toy
b will probably be able to do in the near future.
from the future.
1 fly an aircraft
2 perform surgery in a hospital
Oh, I’m not sure. It could
3 teach students in a classroom
be a piece of art.
4 make computers in a factory
5 go on missions into space
6 drive a taxi
7 perform music on stage
8 serve customers in a shop
9 give help and advice to people who are depressed
10 take part in the Olympic Games
2 Work in pairs. Choose two household appliances from the
What other tasks will robots be able to do in the near future,
box below. How do you think they will change in the future?
in your opinion?
coffee maker cooker iron kettle oven refrigerator
toaster vacuum cleaner washing machine 6 Do the Speaking exam task.

Speaking exam task

3 ≤1.38 Do the Listening exam task.
Compare and contrast the two photos. Answer the questions.
Listening exam task

Listen to three young people talking about a special fridge.

Match the opinions 1–8 to the speakers.

Which speaker Anna Jon Mark

1 thinks the fridge will use too
much electricity?
2 has a bad memory?
3 thinks cleaning the fridge might
be difficult?
4 likes the way the fridge opens?
5 believes the fridge could find
many buyers?
6 likes the fact the fridge is so
unusual?
7 doesn’t find the fridge pretty?
8 believes the fridge could be
educational?

4 Work in pairs. Look at the list of

workplaces below and, for each one, decide:
a whether you are likely find robots or other hi-tech 1 What is being made in each photo?
machines there. 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of making
b what the robots or hi-tech machines might do. things by hand?
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using
a small farm a large factory robots to make things?
a TV studio a hospital 4 Is there anything which could not be made by a robot, in
a café a school your opinion?
an artist’s studio a small hotel

Get ready for your exam 6 53

08 Solut_Int_SB1 U5 Czech.indd Sec1:53 23/4/08 14:43:08