001 111

IP
101
11111
11
111
1 11
1 11
1111111
11 1 11 1
11 11
1111 1
111 11
11111 1
1111
111
1 11
Addressing

and
Subnetting
Workbook
Version 2.0
10010101

00011011 10000110
11010011 Student Name:
IP Address Classes
Class A 1–127 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)
Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Host . Host . Host

Class B 128 – 191 Leading bit pattern 10 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Host . Host

Class C 192 – 223 Leading bit pattern 110 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Network . Host

Class D 224 – 239 (Reserved for multicast)

Class E 240 – 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)

Private Address Space

Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Default Subnet Masks

Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0

Produced by: Robb Jones

[email protected] and/or [email protected]
Frederick County Career & Technology Center
Cisco Networking Academy
Frederick County Public Schools
Frederick, Maryland, USA

Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch

for taking the time to check this workbook for errors,
and to everyone who has sent in suggestions to improve the series.

Workbooks included in the series:

IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbooks

ACLs - Access Lists Workbooks
VLSM Variable-Length Subnet Mask Workbooks

Inside Cover
Binary To Decimal Conversion
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Answers Scratch Area
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 146 128 64
16 32
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 119 2 16
146 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 119
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

00011011

10101010

01101111

11111000

00100000

01010101

00111110

00000011

11101101

11000000
1
Decimal To Binary Conversion
Use all 8 bits for each problem
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1=255 Scratch Area
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 238 238 34
-128
_________________________________________

-32
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 34 110 2
_________________________________________

-64 -2
_________________________________________ 123 46 0
-32
_________________________________________ 50 14
-8
_________________________________________ 255 6
-4
_________________________________________ 200 2
-2
_________________________________________ 10 0
_________________________________________ 138

_________________________________________ 1

_________________________________________ 13

_________________________________________ 250

_________________________________________ 107

_________________________________________ 224

_________________________________________ 114

_________________________________________ 192

_________________________________________ 172

_________________________________________ 100

_________________________________________ 119

_________________________________________ 57

_________________________________________ 98

_________________________________________ 179

_________________________________________ 2

2
Address Class Identification
Address Class

10.250.1.1 A
_____
_____

150.10.15.0 B
192.14.2.0 _____
148.17.9.1 _____

193.42.1.1 _____

126.8.156.0 _____

220.200.23.1 _____

230.230.45.58 _____

177.100.18.4 _____

119.18.45.0 _____

249.240.80.78 _____

199.155.77.56 _____

117.89.56.45 _____

215.45.45.0 _____

199.200.15.0 _____

95.0.21.90 _____

33.0.0.0 _____

158.98.80.0 _____

219.21.56.0 _____ 3
Network & Host Identification
Circle the network portion Circle the host portion of
of these addresses: these addresses:
177.100.18.4 10.15.123.50

119.18.45.0 171.2.199.31

209.240.80.78 198.125.87.177

199.155.77.56 223.250.200.222

117.89.56.45 17.45.222.45

215.45.45.0 126.201.54.231

192.200.15.0 191.41.35.112

95.0.21.90 155.25.169.227

33.0.0.0 192.15.155.2

158.98.80.0 123.102.45.254

217.21.56.0 148.17.9.155

10.250.1.1 100.25.1.1

150.10.15.0 195.0.21.98

192.14.2.0 25.250.135.46

148.17.9.1 171.102.77.77

193.42.1.1 55.250.5.5

126.8.156.0 218.155.230.14

220.200.23.1 10.250.1.1

4
Network Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the network address:

188.10.18.2 188.10.0.0
_____________________________
255.255.0.0
10.10.48.80 10.10.48.0
_____________________________
255.255.255.0
192.149.24.191 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
150.203.23.19 _____________________________

255.255.0.0
10.10.10.10 _____________________________

255.0.0.0
186.13.23.110 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
223.69.230.250 _____________________________

255.255.0.0
200.120.135.15 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
27.125.200.151 _____________________________

255.0.0.0
199.20.150.35 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
191.55.165.135 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
28.212.250.254 _____________________________

255.255.0.0

5
Host Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the host address:

188.10.18.2 0.0.18.2
_____________________________
255.255.0.0
10.10.48.80 0.0.0.80
_____________________________
255.255.255.0
222.49.49.11 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
128.23.230.19 _____________________________

255.255.0.0
10.10.10.10 _____________________________

255.0.0.0
200.113.123.11 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
223.169.23.20 _____________________________

255.255.0.0
203.20.35.215 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
117.15.2.51 _____________________________

255.0.0.0
199.120.15.135 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
191.55.165.135 _____________________________

255.255.255.0
48.21.25.54 _____________________________

255.255.0.0

6
Default Subnet Masks
Write the correct default subnet mask for each of the following addresses:

177.100.18.4 255.255.0.0
_____________________________
119.18.45.0 255.0.0.0
_____________________________
191.249.234.191 _____________________________
223.23.223.109 _____________________________

10.10.250.1 _____________________________

126.123.23.1 _____________________________

223.69.230.250 _____________________________

192.12.35.105 _____________________________

77.251.200.51 _____________________________

189.210.50.1 _____________________________

88.45.65.35 _____________________________

128.212.250.254 _____________________________

193.100.77.83 _____________________________

125.125.250.1 _____________________________

1.1.10.50 _____________________________

220.90.130.45 _____________________________

134.125.34.9 _____________________________

95.250.91.99 _____________________________

7
ANDING With
Default subnet masks

Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. By now you should be able to
look at an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately your computer doesn’t think
that way. For your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address
it must “AND” the IP address with the subnet mask.

Default Subnet Masks:

Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0

ANDING Equations:
1AND1=1
1AND0=0
0AND1=0
0AND0=0

Sample:

What you see...

IP Address: 192.100.10.33

What you can figure out in your head...

Address Class: C
Network Portion: 192.100.10.33
Host Portion: 192.100.10.33

In order for you computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address
with the subnet mask in binary.
Network Host

IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (192 . 100 . 10 . 33)

Default Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (255 . 255 . 255 . 0)

AND: 11000000.01100100.00001010.00000000 (192 . 100 . 10 . 0)

ANDING with the default subnet mask allows your computer to figure out the
network portion of the address.

8
ANDING With
Custom subnet masks

When you take a single network such as 192.100.10.0 and divide it into five smaller
networks (192.100.10.16, 192.100.10.32, 192.100.10.48, 192.100.10.64, 192.100.10.80)
the outside world still sees the network as 192.100.10.0, but the internal computers and
routers see five smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. This can only be
accomplished by using a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from
the host portion of the address to create a subnetwork address between the network and
host portions of an IP address. In this example each range has 14 usable addresses in it.
The computer must still AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what
the network portion is and which subnetwork it belongs to.

IP Address: 192.100.10.0
Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240

Address Ranges: 192.10.10.0 to 192.100.10.15

192.100.10.16 to 192.100.10.31
192.100.10.32 to 192.100.10.47 (Range in the sample below)
192.100.10.48 to 192.100.10.63
192.100.10.64 to 192.100.10.79
192.100.10.80 to 192.100.10.95
192.100.10.96 to 192.100.10.111
192.100.10.112 to 192.100.10.127
192.100.10.128 to 192.100.10.143
192.100.10.144 to 192.100.10.159
192.100.10.160 to 192.100.10.175
192.100.10.176 to 192.100.10.191
192.100.10.192 to 192.100.10.207
192.100.10.208 to 192.100.10.223
192.100.10.224 to 192.100.10.239
192.100.10.240 to 192.100.10.255
Sub
Network Network Host
IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (192 . 100 . 10 . 33)
Custom Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 (255 . 255 . 255 . 240)
AND: 11000000.01100100.00001010.00100000 (192.100. 10 .32)

Four bits borrowed from the host

portion of the address for the
custom subnet mask.
The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits
shows which range of IP addresses this
particular address will fall into.

In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine
the correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses.
9
How to determine the number of subnets and
the number of hosts per subnet
Two formulas can provide this basic information:

s s
Number of subnets = 2 (Second subnet formula: Number of subnets = 2 - 2)
h
Number of hosts per subnet = 2 - 2

Both formulas calculate the number of hosts or subnets based on the number of binary
bits used. For example if you borrow three bits from the host portion of the address use
the number of subnets formula to determine the total number of subnets gained by
3
borrowing the three bits. This would be 2 or 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 subnets
To determine the number of hosts per subnet you would take the number of binary bits
used in the host portion and apply this to the number of hosts per subnet formula If five
5
bits are in the host portion of the address this would be 2 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32 hosts.
When dealing with the number of hosts per subnet you have to subtract two addresses
from the range. The first address in every range is the subnet number. The last address
in every range is the broadcast address. These two addresses cannot be assigned to
any device in the network which is why you have to subtract two addresses to find the
number of usable addresses in each range.

For example if two bits are borrowed for the network portion of the address you can easily determine the
number of subnets and hosts per subnets using the two formulas.
195.223.50.0 0 000000

The number of subnets The number of hosts created by

6
created by borrowing 2 leaving 6 bits is 2 - 2 or
2 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64 - 2 = 62
bits is 2 or 2 x 2 = 4
subnets. usable hosts per subnet.

What about that second subnet formula:

s
Number of subnets = 2 -2

In some instances the first and last subnet range of addresses are reserved. This is similar
to the first and last host addresses in each range of addreses.

The first range of addresses is the zero subnet. The subnet number for the zero
subnet is also the subnet number for the classful subnet address.

The last range of addresses is the broadcast subnet. The broadcast address for the
last subnet in the broadcast subnet is the same as the classful broadcast address.
10
Class C Address unsubnetted:

195. 223 . 50 . 0

195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.255
Notice that the subnet and
Class C Address subnetted (2 bits borrowed): broadcast addresses match.
195.223.50.0 0 000000

(Invalid range) (0) 195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.63

(1) 195.223.50.64 to 195.223.50.127
(2) 195.223.50.128 to 195.223.50.191
(Invalid range) (3) 195.223.50.192 to 195.223.50.255

The primary reason the the zero and broadcast subnets were not used had to do pirmarily with
the broadcast addresses. If you send a broadcast to 195.223.255 are you sending it to all 255
addresses in the classful C address or just the 62 usable addresses in the broadcast range?

The CCNA and CCENT certification exams may have questions which will require you to
determine which formula to use, and whehter or not you can use the first and last subnets.
Use the chart below to help decide.

When to use which formula to determine the number of subnets

s s
Use the 2 - 2 formula and don’t use the Use the 2 formula and use the zero and
zero and broadcast ranges if... broadcast ranges if...
Classful routing is used Classless routing or VLSM is used

RIP version 1 is used RIP version 2, EIGRP, or OSPF is used

The no ip subnet zero command is The ip subnet zero command is

configured on your router configured on your router (default setting)

No other clues are given

Bottom line for the CCNA exams; if a question does not give you any clues as to whether or
not to allow these two subnets, assume you can use them.
s
This workbook has you use the number of subnets = 2 formula.

11
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 1
Number of needed subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0
Address class __________
C
Default subnet mask 255.255.255.0

_______________________________
Custom subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 240
_______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
16
Total number of host addresses ___________________
16
Number of usable addresses ___________________
14
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
4
Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.

256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Number of

Number of Hosts

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

192.10.10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
16 Observe the total number of
Add the binary value 64 hosts.
numbers to the left of the line to -2
create the custom subnet mask. 32 Subtract 2 for the number of
14
+16 usable hosts.

240

12
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 2
Number of needed subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 165.100.0.0
Address class __________
B
Default subnet mask _______________________________
255.255.0.0
Custom subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 192

_______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
1,024
Total number of host addresses ___________________
64
Number of usable addresses ___________________
62
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
10
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

65,53632,76816,3848,1924,0962,0481,024512

Number of
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
Hosts -
16,38432,76865,536
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
512102420484,0968,192
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

165.100.0 0 0 00000.0 0000000

128 128
64 +64
32 192 64 Observe the total number of
Add the binary value
16 -2
hosts.
numbers to the left of the line to 8 Subtract 2 for the number of
create the custom subnet mask. 4 62 usable hosts.
2
+1
255
13
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 3 /26 indicates the total number of

bits used for the network and

Network Address 148.75.0.0 /26 subnetwork portion of the address.

All bits remaining belong to the host
portion of the address.
Address class __________B

Default subnet mask 255 .255.0.0

Custom subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Total number of subnets 1,024

Total number of host addresses 64

Number of usable addresses 62

Number of bits borrowed 10

Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.

65,53632,76816,3848,1924,0962,0481,024512

Number of
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
Hosts -
16,38432,76865,536
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
512102420484,0968,192
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

148.75.0 0 0 0 0 0 00.00000000
128 128
64 +64
32 192 64 hosts.Observe the total number of
Add the binary value
16 -2 Subtract 2 for the number of
numbers to the left of the line to 8
create the custom subnet mask. 4 62 usable hosts.
2
1024
+1 Subtract 2 for the total number of
-2 subnets to get the usable number of
255 subnets.
1,022

14
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 4
Number of needed subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 195.85.8.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Number of

Number of Hosts

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195.85.8. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 5
Number of needed subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 210.100.56.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Number of

Number of Hosts

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

210.100.56. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 6
Number of needed subnets 126
Number of needed usable hosts 131,070
Network Address 118.0.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

4,194,3042,097,1521,048,576524,288262,144131,07265,536
Number of Hosts
32,76816,3848,1924,0962,0481,024512
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-
Number of 65,536 131,072262,144524,2881,048,5762,097,1524,194,304

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 . 5121,0242,0484,0968,19216,38432,768 .

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 .1286432 16 8 4 2 1 .12864 32 16 8 4 2 1

118.00000000.00000000.00000000

17
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 7
Number of needed subnets 2000
Number of needed usable hosts 15
Network Address 178.100.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

65,53632,76816,3848,1924,0962,0481,024512

Number of
.256128 6432 16 8 4 2
Hosts -
16,38432,76865,536
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
512102420484,0968,192
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

178.100.00000000.00000000

18
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 8
Number of needed subnets 3
Number of needed usable hosts 45
Network Address 200.175.14.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

19
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 9
Number of needed subnets 60
Number of needed usable hosts 1,000
Network Address 128.77.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

20
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 10
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 198.100.10.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

21
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 11
Number of needed subnets 250
Network Address 101.0.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.

22
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 12
Number of needed subnets 5
Network Address 218.35.50.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.

23
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 13
Number of needed usable hosts 25
Network Address 218.35.50.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

24
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 14
Number of needed subnets 10 Network
Address 172.59.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.

25
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 15
Number of needed usable hosts 50 Network
Address 172.59.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.

26
Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 16
Number of needed usable hosts 29
Network Address 23.0.0.0

Address class _______

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 16 in the space below.

27
Subnetting

Problem 1
Number of needed subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0
Address class __________
C
Default subnet mask 255.255.255.0

_______________________________
Custom subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 240
_______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
16
Total number of host addresses ___________________
16
Number of usable addresses ___________________
14
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
4

What is the 4th 192.10.10.48

subnet range?
to 192.10.10.63
_______________________________________________
What is the subnet number ________________________

for the 8th subnet?

192.10.10.112
What is the subnet
broadcast address forthe 13th subnet?
192.10.10.207
________________________
What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th 192.10.10.129 to 192.10.10.142

subnet?
______________________________________

28
Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.

256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Number of

Number of Hosts

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

192.10.10.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(1) 0 0 0 0 192.10.10.0 to 192.10.10.15
(2) 0 0 0 1 192.10.10.16 to 192.10.10.31
(3) 0 0 1 0 192.10.10.32 to 192.10.10.47
(4) 0 0 1 1 192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
(5) 0 1 0 0 192.10.10.64 to 192.10.10.79
(6) 0 1 0 1 192.10.10.80 to 192.10.10.95
(7) 0 1 1 0 192.10.10.96 to 192.10.10.111
(8) 0 1 1 1 192.10.10.112 to 192.10.10.127
(9) 1 0 0 0 192.10.10.128 to 192.10.10.143
(10) 1 0 0 1 192.10.10.144 to 192.10.10.159
(11) 1 0 1 0 192.10.10.160 to 192.10.10.175
(12) 1 0 1 1 192.10.10.176 to 192.10.10.191
(13) 1 1 0 0 192.10.10.192 to 192.10.10.207
(14) 1 1 0 1 192.10.10.208 to 192.10.10.223
(15) 1 1 1 0 192.10.10.224 to 192.10.10.239
(16) 1 1 1 1 192.10.10.240 to 192.10.10.255

128
64 16
32 16
Custom subnet
+16 Usable subnets
-2 -2
240 14
mask
Usable hosts 14

The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this
problem the range is 16.

The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number.

The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast

address.
29
Subnetting

Problem 2
Number of needed subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 165.100.0.0
Address class __________
B
Default subnet mask _______________________________
255.255.0.0
Custom subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 192

_______________________________
Total number of subnets ___________________
1,024
Total number of host addresses ___________________
64
Number of usable addresses ___________________
62
Number of bits borrowed ___________________
10

What is the 15th

subnet range? _______________________________________________165.100.3.128to165.100.3.191

What is the subnet number

for the 6th subnet? ________________________165.100.1.64

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 6th subnet? ________________________165.100.1.127

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
subnet? ______________________________________165.100.2.1to165.100.0.62

30
65,536 32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512
Number of . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2

Hosts -
1024 2048 4,096 8,192 16,384 32,768 65,536
Number of 512

Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

165.100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 000000 165.100.0.63

(1) . 0 165.100.0.0 to
64 128 (2) 1 1 165.100.0.64 to 165.100.0.127
0 165.100.0.128 to 165.100.0.191
Usable -2 64 (3) 1 1 165.100.0.192 to 165.100.0.255
hosts 62 32 (4)
16 (5) 1. 0 0 165.100.1.0 to 165.100.1.63
128 8 (6) 1. 0 1 165.100.1.64 to 165.100.1.127
(7) 1. 1 0 165.100.1.128 to 165.100.1.191
Custom +64 4 (8) 1. 1 1 165.100.1.192 to 165.100.1.255
subnet mask 192 2 (9) 1 0. 0 0 165.100.2.0 to 165.100.2.63
+1
The binary value of the last bit borrowed is
255 (10) 1 0. 0 1 165.100.2.64 to 165.100.2.127
the range. In this problem the range is 64. (11) 1 0. 1 0 165.100.2.128 to 165.100.2.191
The first address in each subnet range is the (12) 1 0. 1 1 165.100.2.192 to 165.100.2.255
subnet number.
The last address in each subnet range is the (13) 1 1. 0 0 165.100.3.0 to 165.100.3.63
subnet broadcast address. (14) 1 1. 0 1 165.100.3.64 to 165.100.3.127
(15) 1 1. 1 0 165.100.3.128 to 165.100.3.191
(16) 1 1. 1 1 165.100.3.192 to 165.100.3.255
Down to

(1023) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1 0 165.100.255.128 to 165.100.255.191

(1024) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1 1 165.100.255.192 to 165.100.255.255

31
Subnetting
Hint: It is possible to borrow
Problem 3
one bit to create two subnets.
Number of needed subnets 2
Network Address 195.223.50.0
Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 1st subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 1st
subnet? ______________________________________

32
Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Number of
Number of Hosts

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33
Subnetting

Problem 4
Number of needed subnets 750
Network Address 190.35.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 15th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 13th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 10th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
subnet? ______________________________________

34
Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

35
Subnetting

Problem 5
Number of needed usable hosts 6 Network
Address 126.0.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 7th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 10th
subnet? ______________________________________

36
Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

37
Subnetting
Problem 6
Number of needed subnets 10
Network Address 192.70.10.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 9th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 4th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 12th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 10th
subnet? ______________________________________

38
Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

39
Subnetting

Problem 7
Network Address 10.0.0.0 /16

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 11th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 6th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
subnet? ______________________________________

40
Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

41
Subnetting

Problem 8
Number of needed subnets 5
Network Address 172.50.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 4th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 6th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet? ______________________________________

42
Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

43
Subnetting

Problem 9
Number of needed usable hosts 28 Network
Address 172.50.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 10th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet broadcast

address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
subnet? ______________________________________

44
Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

45
Subnetting

Problem 10
Number of needed subnets 45
Network Address 220.100.100.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 5th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 4th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 13th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 12th
subnet? ______________________________________

46
Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

47
Subnetting

Problem 11
Number of needed usable hosts 8,000
Network Address 135.70.0.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 6th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 7th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 3rd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 5th
subnet? ______________________________________

48
Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.

49
Subnetting

Problem 12
Number of needed usable hosts 45
Network Address 198.125.50.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet? ______________________________________

50
Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.

51
Subnetting

Problem 13
Network Address 165.200.0.0 /26

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 10th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 11th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 1023rd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 1022nd
subnet? ______________________________________

52
Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

53
Subnetting

Problem 14
Number of needed usable hosts 16
Network Address 200.10.10.0

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 7th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
subnet? ______________________________________

54
Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.

55
Subnetting

Problem 15
Network Address 93.0.0.0 \19

Address class __________

Default subnet mask _______________________________

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

Total number of subnets ___________________

Total number of host addresses ___________________

Number of usable addresses ___________________

Number of bits borrowed ___________________

What is the 15th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 9th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 7th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 12th
subnet? ______________________________________

56
Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.

57
Practical Subnetting 1
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
will supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts
for 100% growth in both areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.
IP Address 172.16.0.0
F0/0
Router A S0/0/0 S0/0/1 F0/1

F0/0 Router B

Marketing Management

24 Hosts Reasearch 15 Hosts

60 Hosts
Address class B
_____________________________

Custom subnet mask 255.255.224.0

_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed 4
_________

Extra subnets required for 100% growth + 4

(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed = 8

Number of host addresses 60

in the largest subnet group _________
Number of addresses needed for
100% growth in the largest subnet + 60
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet = 120
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Research _____________________________172.16.0.0to172.31.255

IP address range for Marketing _____________________________172.16.32.0to172.63.255
IP address range for Management _____________________________172.16.64.0to172.95.255
IP address range for Router A _____________________________172.16.96.0to172.127.255
to Router B serial connection
58
65,536 32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 51
Number of . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Show your work for Practical Subnetting 1 in the space below.

Hosts -
1024 2048 4,096 8,192 16,384 32,768 65,536
Number of 512

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

172.16.0 0 0 00000.00000000

(1) 0 172.16.0.0 to 172.16.31.255

(2) 1 1 172.16.32.0 to 172.16.63.255
(3) 0 172.16.64.0 to 172.16.95.255
(4) 1 1 1 172.16.96.0 to 172.16.127.255
(5) 0 0 172.16.128.0 to 172.16.159.255
(6) 1 0 1 172.16.160.0 to 172.16.191.255
4 (7) 1 1 0 172.16.192.0 to 172.16.223.255
x1.0 (8) 1 1 1 172.16.224.0 to 172.16.255.255
4
60

x1.0
60
59
Practical Subnetting 2
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
will supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets
and hosts for 30% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.
IP Address 135.126.0.0
F0/0 S0/0/0 S0/0/1
Router A

S0/0/1 F0/0 Router B

F0/1
S0/0/0 Tech Ed Lab

F0/1 Router C
20 Hosts
Science Lab
10 Hosts English Department

15 Hosts B
Address class
Custom subnet mask 255.255.255.224
5
Minimum number of subnets needed _________

Extra subnets required for 30% growth + 2

(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed = 7

Number of host addresses _________

in the largest subnet group 20
Number of addresses needed for + 6
30% growth in the largest subnet
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address = 26

needed for the largest subnet
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Tech Ed _____________________________135.126.0.0to135.126.0.31

IP address range for English _____________________________135.126.0.32to135.126.0.63

IP address range for Science _____________________________135.126.0.64to135.126.0.95

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection 135_____________________________.126.0.96to135.126.0.127

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection135_____________________________.126.0.128to135.126.0.159
60
8,19 4,096 2,048 1,024 512
Number of 65,536 32,768 16,384 . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -
512 1024 2048 4,096 8,192 16,384 32,768 65,536
Number of

Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

135. 126 . 0 0 0 00000.000 00000

(1) . 0 135.126.0.0 to 135.126.0.31

(2) 1 1 135.126.0.32 to 135.126.0.63

(3) 0 135.126.0.64 to 135.126.0.95
5
(4) 1 1 1 135.126.0.96 to 135.126.0.127
x.3 (5) 0 0 135.126.0.128 to 135.126.0.159
1.5 (6) 1 0 1 135.126.0.160 to 135.126.0.191
(Round up to 2)
(7) 1 1 0 135.126.0.192 to 135.126.0.223
(8) 1 1 1 135.126.0.224 to 135.126.0.255
(9) 1. 0 0 0 135.126.1.0 to 135.126.1.31
20 (10) 1. 0 0 1 135.126.1.32 to 135.126.1.63
(11) 1. 0 1 0 135.126.1.64 to 135.126.1.95
x.3 . 135.126.1.96 to 135.126.1.127
(12) 1 0 1 1
6 135.126.1.128 to 135.126.1.159
(13) 1. 1 0 0
(14) 1. 1 0 1 135.126.1.160 to 135.126.1.191
(15) 1. 1 1 0 135.126.1.192 to 135.126.1.223
(16) 1. 1 1 1 135.1261.224 to 135.126.1.255
61
Practical Subnetting 3
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a classfull network addressing
scheme that will supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough
extra subnets and hosts for 25% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and
answer the questions below.
F0/0 IP Address 172.16.0.0

S0/0/1
Router A
F0/0 Sales
Administrative
Router B 185 Hosts

30 Hosts F0/1 S0/0/0

Marketing

50 Hosts

Address class _____________________________

Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
Extra subnets required for 25% growth _________+
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed _________=

Number of host addresses _________

in the largest subnet group
Number of addresses needed for +
25% growth in the largest subnet
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address =

needed for the largest subnet
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Sales _____________________________

IP address range for Marketing _____________________________
IP address range for Administrative _____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection _____________________________

62
Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.

63
Practical Subnetting 4
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 70%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 135.126.0.0
F0/0 S0/0/0 S0/0/1
Router A

S0/0/1
F0/0Router B
S0/0/0

F0/1 Router C F0/0

Dallas
New York
150 Hosts
Washington D.C. 325 Hosts
220 Hosts
Address class _____________________________
Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
Extra subnets required for 70% growth +
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed =

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group _________
Number of addresses needed for +
70% growth in the largest subnet
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet =
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for New York _____________________________

IP address range for Washington D. C. _____________________________
IP address range for Dallas _____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection _____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router C serial connection _____________________________
64
Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

65
Practical Subnetting 5
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
will supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets
and hosts for 100% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.

IP Address 210.15.10.0
F0/0 F0/1

Science Room Tech Ed Lab

10 Hosts 18 Hosts

English classroom
Art Classroom
15 Hosts
12 Hosts

Address class _____________________________

Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
Extra subnets required for 100% growth _________+
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed _________=

Number of host addresses _________

in the largest subnet group
Number of addresses needed for +
100% growth in the largest subnet
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address =

needed for the largest subnet
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Router F0/0 Port _____________________________

IP address range for Router F0/1 Port _____________________________

66
Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

67
Practical Subnetting 6
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 20%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

S0/0/0 IP Address 10.0.0.0

Router A
S0/0/1 Technology
F0/0 S0/0/1 S0/0/0 Router B
Building
F0/1 320 Hosts
S0/0/1
S0/0/0
Art & Drama Router C
Administration
75 Hosts
F0/0 F0/1 35 Hosts

Science Building

225 Hosts

Address class _____________________________

Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
Extra subnets required for 20% growth +
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed =

Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Technology _____________________________

IP address range for Science _____________________________
IP address range for Arts & Drama _____________________________
IP Address range Administration _____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection _____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router C serial connection _____________________________
IP address range for Router B
to Router C serial connection _____________________________

68
Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

69
Practical Subnetting 7
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
will supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets
and hosts for 125% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.
IP Address 177.135.0.0 S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/0 F0/0
F0/0 Router B

F0/1

Administration
Research Deployment
Marketing 33 Hosts Sales 135 Hosts 63 Hosts
75 Hosts 255 Hosts
Address class _____________________________
Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
+_________
Extra subnets required for 125% growth
(Round up to the next whole number)
=_________
Total number of subnets needed

Number of host addresses _________

in the largest subnet group
Number of addresses needed for +
125% growth in the largest subnet
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address =

needed for the largest subnet
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Router A Port F0/0 _____________________________

IP address range for Research _____________________________
IP address range for Deployment _____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection _____________________________

70
Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

71
Practical Subnetting 8
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 85%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 192.168.1.0
F0/0 S0/0/0 F0/1
Router A
S0/0/1

F0/0 Router B

New York
8 Hosts
Boston

5 Hosts Research & Development

8 Hosts

Address class _____________________________

Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
Extra subnets required for 85% growth _________+
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed _________=

Number of host addresses

in the largest subnet group _________
Number of addresses needed for
85% growth in the largest subnet +
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet =
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Router A F0/0 _____________________________

IP address range for New York _____________________________

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection _____________________________

72
Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

73
Practical Subnetting 9
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
will supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets
and hosts for 15% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.
IP Address 148.55.0.0
S0/0/0 S0/0/1 F0/1
Router A

Router B
S0/0/1 F0/0
S0/0/0 Dallas

Router C
1500 Hosts
F0/0 S0/0/1
Router D S0/0/0

Ft. Worth Address class _____________________________

2300 Hosts
Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
Extra subnets required for 15% growth _________+
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed _________=

Number of host addresses

in the largest subnet group _________
Number of addresses needed for +
15% growth in the largest subnet
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet =
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Ft. Worth _____________________________

IP address range for Dallas _____________________________
IP address range for Router A _____________________________
to Router B serial connection
IP address range for Router A _____________________________
to Router C serial connection
IP address range for Router C _____________________________
74 to Router D serial connection
Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

75
Practical Subnetting 10
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for
110% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 172.16.0.0
Sales Marketing
56 Hosts
115 Hosts
F0/0 S0/0/0 F0/0
Router A
S0/0/1
Router B

F0/1
Management Research
25 Hosts 35 Hosts

Address class _____________________________

Custom subnet mask _____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed _________
Extra subnets required for 110% growth _________+
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed _________=

Number of host addresses

in the largest subnet group _________
Number of addresses needed for
110% growth in the largest subnet +
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet =
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Sales/Managemnt _____________________________

IP address range for Marketing _____________________________
IP address range for Research _____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection _____________________________
76
Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

77
Valid and Non-Valid IP Addresses

Using the material in this workbook identify which of the addresses below are
correct and usable. If they are not usable addresses explain why.

IP Address: 0.230.190.192 ________________________________ThenetworkIDcannotbe0.

Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 ________________________________
Reference Page Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 192.10.10.1 ________________________________OK

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages 28-29

IP Address: 245.150.190.10 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ________________________________
Reference Page Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 135.70.191.255 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages 48-49

IP Address: 127.100.100.10 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 93.0.128.1 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages 56-57

IP Address: 200.10.10.128 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 ________________________________
Reference Pages 54-55

IP Address: 165.100.255.189 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 ________________________________
Reference Pages 30-31

IP Address: 190.35.0.10 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 ________________________________
Reference Pages 34-35

IP Address: 218.35.50.195 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 ________________________________
Reference Page Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 200.10.10.175 /22 ________________________________

Reference Pages 54-55 and/or Inside Front Cover
________________________________
IP Address: 135.70.255.255 ________________________________

Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0 ________________________________

Reference Pages 48-49
78
IP Address Breakdown
/24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30
8+8+8 8+8+8+1 8+8+8+2 8+8+8+3 8+8+8+4 8+8+8+5 8+8+8+6
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
256 Hosts 128 Hosts 64 Hosts 32 Hosts 16 Hosts 8 Hosts 4 Hosts
0-7 0-3
0-15 4-7
8-15 8-11
12-15
16-23 16-19
16-31 20-23
24-31 24-27
0-63 28-31
32-39 32-35
32-47 36-39
40-47 40-43
44-47
48-55 48-51
48-63 52-55
56-63 56-59
0-127 60-63
64-71 64-67
64-79 68-71
72-79 72-75
76-79
80-87 80-83
80-95 84-87
88-95 88-91
64-127 92-95
96-103 96-99
96-111 100-103
104-111 104-107
108-111
112-119 112-115
112-127 116-119
120-127 120-123
0-255 124-127
128-135 128-131
128-143 132-135
136-143 136-139
140-143
144-151 144-147
144-159 148-151
152-159 152-155
128-191 156-159
16-167 160-163
160-175 164-167
168-175 168-171
172-175
176-183 176-179
176-191 180-183
184-191 184-187
128-255 188-191
192-199 192-195
192-207 196-199
200-207 200-203
204-207
208-215 208-211
208-223 212-215
216-223 216-219
192-255 220-223
224-231 224-227
224-239 228-231
232-239 232-235
236-239
240-247 240-243
240-255 244-247
248-255 248-251
252-255

79
Visualizing Subnets Using
The Box Method

The box method is the simplest way to visualize the breakdown of

subnets and addresses into smaller sizes.

Start with a square. The whole square

is a single subnet comprised of 256
addresses.

/24
255.255.255.0
256 Hosts
1 Subnet

Split the box in half and you get

two subnets with 128 addresses,

/25
255.255.255.128
128 Hosts
2 Subnets

Divide the box into quarters and you

get four subnets with 64 addresses,

/26
255.255.255.192
64 Hosts
4 Subnets
80
Split each individual square and you
get eight subnets with 32 addresses,

/27
255.255.255.224
32 Hosts
8 Subnets
Split the boxes in half again and
you get sixteen subnets with
sixteen addresses,

/28
255.255.255.240
16 Hosts
16 Subnets
The next split gives you thirty two
subnets with eight addresses,

/29
255.255.255.248
8 Hosts
32 Subnets
The last split gives sixty four subnets
with four addresses each,

/30
255.255.255.252
4 Hosts
64 Subnets
81
Class A Addressing Guide
# of Bits Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____

CIDR
____
____
__

Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts

/8 0 255.0.0.0 1 16,777,216 16,777,214
/9 1 255.128.0.0 2 8,388,608 8,388,606
/10 2 255.192.0.0 4 4,194,304 4,194,302
/11 3 255.224.0.0 8 2,097,152 2,097,150
/12 4 255.240.0.0 16 1,048,576 1,048,574
/13 5 255.248.0.0 32 524,288 524,286
/14 6 255.252.0.0 64 262,144 262,142
/15 7 255.254.0.0 128 131,072 131,070
/16 8 255.255.0.0 256 65,536 65,534
/17 9 255.255.128.0 512 32,768 32,766
/18 10 255.255.192.0 1,024 16,384 16,382
/19 11 255.255.224.0 2,048 8,192 8,190
/20 12 255.255.240.0 4,096 4,096 4,094
/21 13 255.255.248.0 8,192 2,048 2,046
/22 14 255.255.252.0 16,384 1,024 1,022
/23 15 255.255.254.0 32,768 512 510
/24 16 255.255.255.0 65,536 256 254
/25 17 255.255.255.128 131,072 128 126
/26 18 255.255.255.192 262,144 64 62
/27 19 255.255.255.224 524,288 32 30
/28 20 255.255.255.240 1,048,576 16 14
/29 21 255.255.255.248 2,097,152 8 6
/30 22 255.255.255.252 4,194,304 4 2

Class B Addressing Guide

____
# of Bits Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__

/16 0 255.255.0.0 1 65,536 65,534

/17 1 255.255.128.0 2 32,768 32,766
/18 2 255.255.192.0 4 16,384 16,382
/19 3 255.255.224.0 8 8,192 8,190
/20 4 255.255.240.0 16 4,096 4,094
/21 5 255.255.248.0 32 2,048 2,046
/22 6 255.255.252.0 64 1,024 1,022
/23 7 255.255.254.0 128 512 510
/24 8 255.255.255.0 256 256 254
/25 9 255.255.255.128 512 128 126
/26 10 255.255.255.192 1,024 64 62
/27 11 255.255.255.224 2,048 32 30
/28 12 255.255.255.240 4,096 16 14
/29 13 255.255.255.248 8,192 8 6
/30 14 255.255.255.252 16,384 4 2

Class C Addressing Guide

# of Bits Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Hosts
/24 0 255.255.255.0 1 256 254
/25 1 255.255.255.128 2 128 126
/26 2 255.255.255.192 4 64 62
/27 3 255.255.255.224 8 32 30
/28 4 255.255.255.240 16 16 14
/29 5 255.255.255.248 32 8 6
/30 6 255.255.255.252 64 4 2

82
Inside Cover