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Hvac Formulae

This document provides commonly used HVAC formulae and conversions for air, water, fans, pumps, and air conditioning. It includes formulae to calculate total heat, sensible heat, latent heat, humidification rate, airflow in CFM, and air pressure drop. It also includes formulae for water flow rate, heat transfer, chiller capacity, fan horsepower, and pump horsepower. Miscellaneous conversions between units like BTUs, Watts, HP, and Therms are also included.

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anish
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168 views

Hvac Formulae

This document provides commonly used HVAC formulae and conversions for air, water, fans, pumps, and air conditioning. It includes formulae to calculate total heat, sensible heat, latent heat, humidification rate, airflow in CFM, and air pressure drop. It also includes formulae for water flow rate, heat transfer, chiller capacity, fan horsepower, and pump horsepower. Miscellaneous conversions between units like BTUs, Watts, HP, and Therms are also included.

Uploaded by

anish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Commonly
Used
HVAC
Formulae
and
Conversions




Air
Side



QTotal
=
CFM
x
(hi
‐
hf)
x
4.5
Btuh



QSensible
=
CFM
x
(ti
‐
tf)
x
1.085
Btuh



QLatent
=
CFM
x
(Gri
‐
Grf)
x
.068
Btuh


Humidification
=
CFM
x
(Grf‐Gri)
/
1,555
lbs/hr



CFM
=
l/s
x
2.12


Air
Pressure
Drop
(in.
wg)
=
Pa
/
249


Water
Side


Q
=
USGPM
x
(ti
‐
tf)
x
500
Btuh



Q
=
USGPM
x
(ti‐tf)
x
450
Btuh
(50%
E.G.)



Q
=
USGPM
x
(ti‐tf)
/
24
Tons



USGPM
=
l/s
x
15.85


Water
Pressure
Drop
(ft.
wg)
=
kPa
x
0.335

1.0
PSI
=
2.31
wg



7,000
Grains
=
1.0
lb



Miscellaneous


1.0 Ton
=
12
MBH
=
12,000
Btuh


1.0 Therm
=
100,000
Btuh
=
100
MBH



COP
=
3.516
/
(kw
/
Ton)



EER
=
Tons
x
12
/
(Total
kW
input)



Btuh
=
Watt
x
3.412



HP
=
kW
x
1.3405


1
Boiler
HP
=
33.48
MBH



1
US
Gallon
=
8.33lbs



Latent
heat
of
vaporization
of
steam
in
air
(average)
=
1,050
Btuh/lb







The
Affinity
Laws
(Fan/Pump
Laws)



rpm2






Flow2

=

rpm1




Flow1


∆P2
 
 Flow2










2








=

∆P1
 
 Flow1


mhp2

 Flow2







3

=

mhp1

 Flow1


Pump
BHP
=
USGPM
x
Head
(ft.
wg)




 
 


3960
x
Pump
Efficiency



Fan
BHP
=
CFM
x
S.P.
(inches
wg)






















6356
x
Static
Efficiency





Air‐Conditioning
Formulas


1
Btu
=
amount
of
heat
required
to
raise
(or
lower
temperature
of
one

pound
of
water
1oF


1
ton
refrigeration
=
12,000
Btu/h
=
200
Btu/min


1
watt
=
3.412
Btu/h



1
horsepower
=
2545
Btu/h


1
lb
=
7000
grains



1
ft
(head)
=
0.433
psi


1
square
foot
EDR
(equivalent
direct
radiation)
=
240
Btu



1
boiler
horsepower
=
33,479
Btu/h


No.
of
air
changes
(N)
=60
cfm/ft3


Sensible
heat
(Btu/h)
=
1.08
Q∆t

Where
∆t
=
difference
between
entering
and
leaving
dry‐bulb

temperature
and
Q
=
airflow
rate
in
cubic
feet
per
minute



Latent
heat
(Btu/h)
=
0.68
Q∆g

Where
∆g
=
difference
in
moisture
content
of
entering
and

leaving
air,
grains
per
pound
of
dry
air




Water
quantity
(gpm)
required
for
heating
and
cooling
=
q/500
∆twater


 Where
q
=
load
in
Btu/h



Chiller
capacity
(tons)
=
gpm
(chilled
water)
x
∆t
(water)/24

For
Air:



 
 1
lb/h
=
4.5
Q


 
 1
ton
=
Q∆h/2670










cfm
x
static
pressure
(in.
w.g.)

 






Density
of
air


Fan
hp
=

 








 




6356
x
Efficiency

 
 
 x 

Density
of
standard
air



Small
fans
0.40
–
0.50
efficiency


Large
fan
0.55
–
0.60
efficiency




For
Water:



 1
lb/h
=
500
gpm


 1
ton
=
(gpm)
∆t/24

gpm
x
ft
head

 
 

Pump
hp
=
 x
 Specific
Gravity



 
 3960
x
Efficiency





 Small
pumps
0.40
–
0.60
efficiency






Large
pumps
0.70
–
0.85
efficiency





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