ES 13 THU SOLUTION KEY

PROBLEM SET #1
3. Given:
I. Stresses t = 12 mm wooden plank.
1. See book. Follow the solution flow. τmax = 570 MPa (glue),
σA(allow) = 800 MPa
2. Given: tA/B/C = 25 mm
300mm wide by 25mm thick
P=10kN
300mm wide plywood
5mm gap between 2 boards

a. Assuming that the failure of the glue

governs, what is the required Determine:
strength of the glue? Use a factor of a. Pmax that can be applied to the
safety of 1.50. compound member.

Stress is inversely proportional to Check P at shearing stress capacity

area. And so: on plate A.
τ = (P/2) / A
FBD: P = 2A τ
10 kN  V  P = 2 (80mm x 60mm) (570 MPa)
V  P = 5.47 MN

Area of contact (top view): Check P at normal stress capacity on

plate A.
σ = P/A
300mm  P=σA
P = (800 MPa) (60mm x 25mm)
8mm  P = 1.20 MN
And so:
τult = τallow FS = [V/A] FS Therefore, Pmax = 1.20 MN
= [(P/2)/A] FS
= [(10kN/2)/ 300mmx8mm)] (1.5) b. Is this force Pmax enough to punch
holes in the plank if the failure
τult = 3.125 MPa
shearing stress in the plank is 750 b. ΔCE = δCE + clearance
MPa? 1.2 mm = δCE + 0.25 mm
τpunch = (P/2) / A δCE = 0.95 mm
P = 2A τpunch
P = 2 (surface area) (750 MPa) εCE = δCE/ LCE = 0.95 mm/ 600 mm
εCE = 0.00158 mm/mm
Surface area = 2(12mmx25mm) +
2(60mmx12mm) = 2040 mm2 2. Given:
γB = 0.09 radians
Ppunch = 2 (2040 mm2) (750 MPa) angle ABC is initially 90˚
Ppunch = 3.06 MN AB = BC = 0.3 m
Since Pmax < Ppunch, No!

II. Strain
1. Given:
εBF = 400μm/m. determine:
a. The axial strain in rod CE.

Solution:
γB = π/2 – θB
0.09 = 1.57 – θB
θB = 1.48 rads = 84.84°

A O C

B
δBF
δCE B’

δBF = εBF LBF = (400μm/m)(1 m) Angle ABC = 90°

δBF = 0.4 mm Angle AB’C = 84.84°

Similar triangles: Let AB’ = B’C = x

δBF/ 80 mm = δCE / 240
0.4 mm/ 80 mm = δCE / 240 From cosine law:
δCE = 1.2 mm (AC)2 = x2 + x2 – 2x2cosθ
(0.3√2)2 = 2x2(1- cos84.84)
x = 0.314 m
εCE = δCE/ LCE = 1.2 mm/ 600 mm
εCE = 0.002 mm/mm a. ԑAB = (0.314 – 0.3) / 0.3
ԑAB = 0.047
Solution:
b. ԑBC = ԑAB ԑAB = δAB/ LAB
ԑBC = 0.047 0.009 = δAB/ 1000 mm
δAB = 9 mm
c. BB’ = OB’ - OB
It simply means that point B is displaced by
sin45 = OB/0.3 (15 mm – 9 mm) to the left = 6 mm.
OB = 0.212 m
So:
sin47.58 = OB’/0.314 6 mm
OB’ = 0.232 m

BB’ = 0.232 m – 0.212 m

BB’ = 20 mm 750 mm

Therefore, ԑE = 0 (since gap is already 20

mm and post E is only at mid span of BD) ΔD
500 mm
HW solution key:
Given: From similar triangles:
ԑAB = 0.009 ΔD = 4 mm upward
ΔA = 15 mm to the left
γE = 0.008 rads Shear Strain at triangular plate:
BCD is rigid
Clearance of 0.5 mm at E       O

Determine: ԑDE

  E

E’

OE = 0.6 m
OE’:
θE = π/2 – 0.008
θE = 1.5628 rads = 89.84°

So:
tan(θE/2) = 0.6/ OE’
OE’ = 0.6048 m

ΔE = 0.6048 – 0.6 = 0.0048 = 4.8 mm

Due to clearance
δBC = (ΔD + ΔE – 0.5)
δBC = 8.3 mm (in compression) -0.283 (-87.5 MPa/77 GPa)

εBC = δBC/ LBC Ly’ = 160.252 mm

εBC = -8.3 mm/ 1250 mm
2. Given:
-3
εBC = -6.64 x 10 Diameter: 12.5 mm
L = 50 mm
III. Material Properties
1. Given:
Lx = Ly = 160 mm
t = 20 mm
ν = 0.283
G = 30 GPa

Determine:
a. σx = 444 MPa, σy = 222 MPa,
Lx’ = 160.8437 mm, what is σz?

εx = σx/E - ν σy/E - ν σz/E a. Modulus of toughness

Search
(Lx’ – Lx)/ Lx = σx/E - ν σy/E - ν σz/E http://www.mathwords.com/a/area_c
onvex_polygon.htm to compute for
(160.8437 – 160)/160 = 444 MPa/ E an area using coordinates.
-0.283 (222MPa/E) - 0.283 (σz /E) (refer to excel file attached)
ut = 59.88 MJ/m3 (strain-energy
However: density before fracture)
E = G[2(1+ ν)] = 77 GPa
b. Modulus of resilience
So: ur = (1/2)σplεpl
σz = -87.5 MPa ur = (1/2)(37.8kN)/[(π/4)(0.01252)]
0.102/50
b. εz = - ν σx/E - ν σy/E + σz/E ur = 314.16 kJ/m3
(Lz’ – Lz)/ Lz = - ν σx/E - ν σy/E +σz/E
c. Modulus of elasticity
(refer to excel file attached for linear
(t’ – 20)/20 = - 0.283 (444 MPa/ 77
regression)
GPa) -0.283 (222MPa/77 GPa) +
E = 200 GPa (which is reasonable)
(-87.5 MPa/77 GPa)
d. Ultimate stress
t' = 19.93 mm
(from excel file, or simply divide
force by cross sectional area)
c. εy = - ν σx/E + σy/E - ν σz/E
σu = 526 MPa
(Ly’ – Ly)/ Ly = - νσx/E + σy/E - νσz/E
e. Fracture stress
(from excel file, or simply divide
(Ly’ – 160)/160 = - 0.283 (444 MPa/
force by cross sectional area)
77 GPa) + (222MPa/77 GPa)
σf = 479 MPa
3. Given: Pin C:
Lo = 200 mm; do = 15 mm;
δlong = 0.90 mm; δlat = 0.022 mm; P
P = 58.4 kN
FAC ●
a. The modulus of elasticity (E)
E = σ/εlong FBC
E = [(58.4 kN)/ ((π/4)(0.015)2)] /
[0.90 mm/ 200 mm] ΣFx = 0;
E = 73.44 GPa -FAC + FBC(3/5) = 0 [eqn 1]

b. Poisson’s ratio ΣFy = 0;

ν = - εlat / εlong FBC(4/5) – P = 0 [eqn 2]
ν = - (-0.022/15) / (0.90/200)
ν = 0.326 Case#1: Strength governs
FAC = σACAAC
c. The proportional limit, σpl = (190 MPa) (π/4)(0.01)2
σpl = 58.4 kN/ ((π/4)(0.015)2)
σpl = 330.48 MPa FAC = 14.92 kN

From eqn 1: FBC = 24.87 kN

IV. Axially Loaded Members From eqn 2: P = 19.89 kN
A. Statically Determinate
1. Given Case#2: Serviceability governs
AC δallow = (FL/AE)AC
D = 10 mm 8 mm = FAC (3m)/ [(π/4)(0.01)2](200x109)
E = 200 GPa FAC = 41.89 kN
σallow = 190 MPa
δallow = 8 mm (elongation) From eqn 1: FBC = 69.82 kN
From eqn 2: P = 55.85 kN
BC is rigid
Therefore: Pmax = 19.89 kN

2. Given:
δallow (of bar ABCD) = ±1.2 mm

Det: Pmax
B. Statically Indeterminate
1. Given:

PB PC PD θ = 30°
θ α α = 45°
PAE

20 kN

Σ Fx = 0 = -PAE - PBsin θ + PDsin α

[eqn 1]
Σ Fy = 0 = PBcos θ + PDcos α + Pc
- 20 [eqn 2]
Case #1: Strength governs
a. Member AB: Compatibility Equations:
σallow = FAB/A
310MPa/2 = -2P/ [(π/4)(0.0752- δC = δB/cos θ [eqn.3]
0.0252)] δC = δD/cos α [eqn 4]
P = 304.34 kN (compressive)
δD δB
b. Member BC: α θ
σallow = FBC/A δC
400MPa/3 = 4P/ [(π/4)(0.12)]
P = 261.79 kN (tensile)
simplifying eqn 3: PC = 1.905 PB
c. Member CD: eqn 4: PC = 2.857 PD
σallow = FCD/A
580MPa/4 = -P/ [(π/4)(0.052)] Combining eqns 2, 3, and 4:
P = 284.64 kN (compressive) PC = 11.75 kN σC = 58.75 MPa
PB = 6.17 kN σB = 15.43 MPa
Case#2: Serviceability governs PD = 4.11 kN σD = 10.28 MPa
δA/D = δAB + δBC + δCD
1.2 mm = -2P(1)/ [(π/4)(0.0752- Using eqn 1:
0.0252)(70E9)] + 4P(1)/ PAE = 179 N
[(π/4)(0.12)(120E9)] + -P(1)/
[(π/4)(0.052)(200E9)] 2. Given
P = 215.11 kN E = 200 GPa
α = 12 x 10-6/°C
Therefore, choose smallest P = L = 300mm
215.11 kN Φ = 50mm
k = 0.5 kN/m
ΔT = 70°C
3. Given
k = 5000 kN/m
B is rigid (thus, cannot deform)
60° increase in temperature

From FBD (Assumed):

Compatibility:
Δx cos 60 = δA = δA(T) – δA(P) [eqn1]
Δx cos 45 = δC = δC(P) – δC(T) [eqn2]

Σ Fx = 0;
-k Δx + FA sin30 – FC sin45 = 0 [eqn3]

Σ Fy = 0;
-FB + FA cos30 + FC cos45 = 0 [eqn 4]
Substituting known terms:
[eqn 1]: (cos60) Δx + FA (4/sin60) / PS (compressive)
[(300x10-6)(170x109)] =
(15x10-6)(4/sin60)(60)
[eqn 2]: (cos45) Δx – FC (4/sin45) / PA (compressive)
[(200x10-6)(70x109)] =
– (25x10-6)(4/sin45)(60) PS (compressive)
[eqn 3]: -5000 Δx + FA sin30 – FC sin45
=0
[eqn 4]: -FB + FA cos30 + FC cos45
=0 ΣFx = 0; [eqn 1]
2PS + PA = 0
Using your powerful calculator:
Δx = 0.9 mm Aside from this, I do not have
Δy = 0 any additional equation available.
What if pin is assumed to move to the left? So, answer is B
Try solving as well.
ii. a. This is true since we can
Class Discussion: assume any force direction.
b. This is also true since if you
draw an internal force diagram at
the compound aluminum-bronze
bar, “P” is the same all
throughout. Thus, PA = PB.
c. Yup, I’ve just explained this
from b
d. This is false. The forces
exerted at aluminum and bronze
ΔT = 90 – 10 = 80°C are just one and the same.

So, answer is D

i. FST is the same (given) – this can iii. a. This is true since the change in
be determined from summation temperature is (+)
of moments. b. This is true by definition
c. This is also true by definition
Assumed direction: d. This is false. See figure below
why:
                                
         

Δ 
  ΔS = ΔA + ΔB [eqn 2]

δTS - δS = (δTA – δA) + (δTB – δB)

δTS - δS = (δTA + δTB) - (δA + δB)

So, answer is D

iv. Combining eqn 1 and eqn 2

2PS + PA = 0

(11.7x10-6)(0.215)(80) –
PS(0.215)/(500x10-6)(200x109) =
[(23x10-6)(0.075)(80)+
(19x10-6)(0.100)(80)] –
[PA(0.075)/(1800x10-6)(70x109) +
PB(0.100)/(1200x10-6)(83x109)]

But take note that PA = PB:

PS = -16.6 kN or 16.6 kN (T)

PA = 33.18 kN (C)

So, answer is B

v. σB = PB/AB
σB = 33.18 kN/ 1200mm2
σB = 27.65 MPa (C)

So, answer is B