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Structural Mechanics 1 Problem Solution Set 1

This document contains solutions to 5 example problems in structural mechanics. Problem 1 involves determining internal forces at cross sections of a beam. Problem 2 calculates internal forces in a pipe with distributed mass. Problem 3 finds average normal stress in a bar with varying axial load. Problem 4 determines the force and location of a load on a plate with non-uniform stress distribution. Problem 5 calculates average shear stresses in pins supporting a loaded beam.

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758 views

Structural Mechanics 1 Problem Solution Set 1

This document contains solutions to 5 example problems in structural mechanics. Problem 1 involves determining internal forces at cross sections of a beam. Problem 2 calculates internal forces in a pipe with distributed mass. Problem 3 finds average normal stress in a bar with varying axial load. Problem 4 determines the force and location of a load on a plate with non-uniform stress distribution. Problem 5 calculates average shear stresses in pins supporting a loaded beam.

Uploaded by

saeedsoft
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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cribdSTRUCTURAL MECHANICS I

Solution to Problems Set 1

(1) Determine the resultant internal loadings on the cross sections through point D and E. Points E is just to
the right of the 20 kN load.
Solution

Fig. 1.1

Support reactions (Refer to Fig. 1.1):


4
Σ𝑀𝐵 = 0; 30 ( ) − 4𝐴𝑦 = 0 ⇒ 𝐴𝑦 = 10 𝑘𝑁
3
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0; 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 − 30 = 0 ⇒ 𝐵𝑦 = 20 𝑘𝑁
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝐵𝑥 = 0
Internal loadings at section D (Refer to Fig. 1.2):
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑁𝐷 = 0
Fig. 1.2 Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0; 10 − 7.5 − 𝑉𝐷 = 0 ⇒ 𝑉𝐷 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁
2
Σ𝑀𝐷 = 0; 7.5 ( ) − 2(10) + 𝑀𝐷 = 0 ⇒ 𝑀𝐷 = 15 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3

Internal loadings at section E (Refer to Fig. 1.3):

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑁𝐸 = 0
Fig. 1.3 Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0; −20 − 20 − 𝑉𝐸 = 0 ⇒ 𝑉𝐸 = −40 𝑘𝑁
Σ𝑀𝐷 = 0; 20(1.5) + 20(0) + 𝑀𝐸 = 0 ⇒ 𝑀𝐸 = −30 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
(2) The pipe has a mass of 10 kg/m. If it is fixed to the wall at A, determine the resultant internal loadings
acting on the cross section at B.

Fig. 2.1

Internal loadings at section B (Refer to Fig. 2.1)

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0; (𝑉𝐵 )𝑥 + 500 = 0 ⇒ (𝑉𝐵 )𝑥 = −500 𝑁


4
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0; (𝑁𝐵 )𝑦 + 400 + (300) = 0 ⇒ (𝑁𝐵 )𝑦 = −640 𝑁
5
3
Σ𝐹𝑧 = 0; (𝑉𝐵 )𝑧 − 10(2)(9.81) − 10(2)(9.81) − (300) = 0 ⇒ (𝑉𝐵 )𝑧 = 572.4 𝑁
5
3
Σ𝑀𝑥 = 0; (𝑀𝐵 )𝑥 − 400(2) − 10(2)(9.81)(2) − 10(2)(9.81)(1) − (300)(2) = 0
5
⇒ (𝑀𝐵 )𝑥 = 1748.6 𝑁. 𝑚
Σ𝑀𝑦 = 0; (𝑀𝐵 )𝑦 + 500(2) = 0 ⇒ (𝑀𝐵 )𝑦 = (𝑇𝐵 )𝑦 = −1000 𝑁. 𝑚
Σ𝑀𝑧 = 0; (𝑀𝐵 )𝑧 − 500(2) = 0 ⇒ (𝑀𝐵 )𝑧 = 1000 𝑁. 𝑚
(3) The prismatic bar has a cross-sectional area A. If it is subjected to a distributed axial loading that
increases linearly from w = 0 at x = 0 to w = w0 at x = a, and then decreases linearly to w = 0 at x = 3a,
determine the average normal stress in the bar as a function of x for a ≤ x < 3a.

w0
𝑤 𝑤0 w
=
3𝑎 − 𝑥 2𝑎
⇒𝑤 N
𝑤0 a 2a
= (3𝑎 − 𝑥)
2𝑎 x 3a – x
Fig. 3.1 x

Refer to FBD of the structure, as shown in Fig. 3.1, for 0 ≤ x < a. Applying equilibrium, we get
1 𝑤0
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0; −𝑁 + ( (3𝑎 − 𝑥)) (3𝑎 − 𝑥) = 0
2 2𝑎
1 𝑤0 𝑤0
⇒ 𝑁 = ( (3𝑎 − 𝑥)) (3𝑎 − 𝑥) = (3𝑎 − 𝑥)2
2 2𝑎 4𝑎
The average normal stress is given by
𝑁 𝑤0
𝜎 = 𝜎(𝑥) = = (3𝑎 − 𝑥)2
𝐴 4𝐴𝑎
(4) The plate has a width of 400 mm. If the stress distribution at the support varies as shown, determine the
force P applied to the plate and the distance d to where it is applied.

Fig. 4.1

Referring to Fig. 4.1,

For the plate having a width b, the support bearing force dF over an infinitesimal length dx is given by

𝑑𝐹 = 𝜎𝑏 𝑑𝐴 = 𝜎𝑏 𝑏𝑑𝑥 = 10𝑥 1⁄2 (106 )(0.4)𝑑𝑥 = 4(106 )𝑥 1⁄2 𝑑𝑥 𝑁

Force equilibrium gives


5𝑚

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0; ∫ 4(106 )𝑥 1⁄2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑃 = 0


0

2 5
4(106 ) ( ) [𝑥 3⁄2 ]0 − 𝑃 = 0 ⇒ 𝑃 = 29.814 × 106 𝑁
3

The counterclockwise moment of dF about the left end (point O) is

(M𝑑𝐹 )𝑂 = 𝑥𝑑𝐹 = 4(106 )𝑥 3⁄2 𝑑𝑥 𝑁. 𝑚

The clockwise moment of P about the left end (point O) is

(M𝐏 )𝑂 = 𝑑 × 𝑃

Moment equilibrium gives


5𝑚 5𝑚

Σ𝑀𝑂 = 0; ∫ (M𝑑𝐹 )𝑂 − 𝑑 × 𝑃 = ∫ 4(106 )𝑥 3⁄2 𝑑𝑥 − 29.814 × 106 𝑑 = 0


0 0

5𝑚
4(106 ) 4 2 5
⇒𝑑= 6
∫ 𝑥 3⁄2 𝑑𝑥 = ( ) [𝑥 5⁄2 ]0 = 3.0 𝑚
29.814 × 10 29.814 5
0
(5) The beam is supported by a pin at A and a short link BC. If P = 10 kN, determine the average shear
stress developed in the pins at A, B, and C. All pins are in double shear as shown, and each has a
diameter of 25 mm.

NBC

Ax
FBD 6.1

Ay

Shear forces acting on the pins


Referring to FBD 6.1, equilibrium of moment about A gives

Σ𝑀𝐴 = −𝑁𝐵𝐶 sin 30 (5.0) + 10(4.5) + 4(10)(3.5) + 2(10)(2.0) + 4(10)(0.5) = 0

⇒ 𝑵𝑩𝑪 = 𝟗𝟖 𝒌𝑵

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0; −𝑁𝐵𝐶 cos 30 + 𝐴𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑨𝒙 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟖𝟕𝟎 𝒌𝑵

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0; 𝑁𝐵𝐶 sin 30 + 𝐴𝑦 − 11(10) = 0 ⇒ 𝑨𝒚 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟎 𝒌𝑵

Average shear stresses on the cross section of the pins

Since all pins are in double shear,

𝑵𝑩𝑪 98 49 × 103
𝑽𝑩 = 𝑽𝑪 = = = 𝟒𝟗 𝒌𝑵 ⇒ (𝝉𝒂𝒗 )𝑩 = (𝝉𝒂𝒗 )𝑩 = = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
2 2 𝜋(252 )/4

𝟐
𝑨𝑹 √(𝑨𝒙 )𝟐 + (𝑨𝒚 ) √(𝟖𝟒. 𝟖𝟕)𝟐 + (𝟔𝟏)𝟐 52.26 × 103
𝑽𝑨 = = = = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ⇒ (𝝉𝒂𝒗 )𝑨 =
𝟐 2 2 𝜋(252 )/4
= 𝟏𝟎𝟔. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Practice problems: Do not forget to solve the following practice problems

Problems F1-15, 1-41, and 1-46

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