Age Problems with Solutions

(Conventional Method, Using Two Variables)

1⃣ A boy is 10 years older than his brother. In 4 years he will be twice as old as his brother. Find the present age of
each.
Present
x 👉 Boy
y 👉 Brother
In 4 years,
x + 4 👉 Boy
y + 4 👉 Brother

Condition 1
x = y + 10

Condition 2 (In 4 years)

x + 4 = 2(y + 4)

y + 10 + 4 = 2y + 8
2y - y = 14 - 8
y = 6 y.o. 👉 Brother
x = 6 + 10 = 16 👉 Boy

2⃣ A father is 4 times as old as his son. In 20 years the father will be twice as old as his son. Find the present age of
each.
Present
x 👉 Father
y 👉 Son
In 20 years,
x + 20 👉 Father
y + 20 👉 son

Condition 1
x = 4y

Condition 2
x + 20 = 2(y + 20)

Solving simultaneously:
4y + 20 = 2y + 40
4y - 2y = 40 - 20
2y = 20
y = 10 y.o. 👉 son
x = 4(10) = 40 y.o. 👉 Father

3⃣ Pat is 20 years older than his son James. In two years Pat will be twice as old as James. How old are they now?
Present
x 👉 Pat
y 👉 James
In 2 years,
x + 2 👉 Pat
y + 2 👉 James
Condition 1
x = y + 20

Condition 2
x + 2 = 2(y + 2)

Solving simultaneously:

y + 20 + 2 = 2y + 4
2y - y = 22 - 4
y = 18 y.o. 👉 James
x = 18 + 20 = 38 y.o. 👉 Pat

4⃣ Diane is 23 years older than her daughter Amy. In 6 years Diane will be twice as old as Amy. How old are they now?
Present
x 👉 Diane
y 👉 Amy
In 6 years,
x + 6 👉 Dianne
y + 6 👉 Amy

Condition 1
x = y + 23

Condition 2
x + 6 = 2(y + 6)

Solving simultaneously:
y + 23 + 6 = 2y + 12
2y - y = 29 - 12
y = 17 y.o. 👉 Amy
x = 17 + 23 = 40 y.o. 👉 Dianne

5⃣ Fred is 4 years older than Barney. Five years ago the sum of their ages was 48.
How old are they now?
Present
x 👉 Fred
y 👉 Barney
5 years ago
x - 5 👉 Fred
y - 5 👉 Barney

Condition 1
x=y+4

Condition 2
x - 5 + y - 5 = 48
x + y = 48 + 10
x + y = 58

Solving simultaneously:

y + 4 + y = 48
2y = 58 - 4
2y = 54
y = 27 y.o. 👉 Barney
x = 27 + 4 = 31 y.o. 👉 Fred

6⃣ John is four times as old as Martha. Five years ago the sum of their ages was 50. How old are they now?
Present
x 👉 John
y 👉 Martha
5 years ago
x - 5 👉 John
y - 5 👉 Martha

Condition 1
x = 4y

Condition 2
x - 5 + y - 5 = 50
x + y = 50 + 10
x + y = 60

Solving simultaneously:

4y + y = 60
5y = 60
y = 12 y.o. 👉 Martha
x = 4(12) = 48 👉 John

7⃣ Tim is 5 years older than JoAnn. Six years from now the sum of their ages will be 79. How old are they now?
Present
x 👉 Tim
y 👉 JoAnn
6 years from now
x + 6 👉 Tim
y + 6 👉 JoAnn

Condition 1
x=y+5

Condition 2
x + 6 + y + 6 = 79
x + y = 79 - 12
x + y = 67

Solving Simultaneously:

y + 5 + y = 67
2y = 67 - 5
2y = 62
y = 31 y.o. 👉 JoAnn
x = 31 + 5 = 36 y.o. 👉 Tim

8⃣ Jack is twice as old as Lacy. In three years the sum of their ages will be 54.
How old are they now?
Present
x 👉 Jack
y 👉 Lacy
In 3 years,
x + 3 👉Jack
y + 3 👉 Lacy

Condition 1
x = 2y

Condition 2
x + 3 + y + 3 = 54
x + y = 54 - 6
x + y = 48

Solving simultaneously,
2y + y = 48
3y = 48
y = 16 y.o. 👉 Lacy
x = 2(16) = 32 👉 Jack

9⃣ The sum of the ages of John and Mary is 32. Four years ago, John was twice
as old as Mary. Find the present age of each.
Present
x 👉 John
y 👉 Mary
4 years ago
x - 4 👉 John
y - 4 👉 Mary

Condition 1
x + y = 32

Condition 2
x - 4 = 2(y - 4)
x - 4 = 2y - 8
x = 2y - 4

Solving simultaneously
2y - 4 + y = 32
3y = 32 + 4
3y = 36
y = 12 y.o. 👉 Mary
x = 32 - y
x = 32 - 12
x = 20 y.o. 👉 John

🔟 The sum of the ages of a father and son is 56. Four years ago the father was 3
times as old as the son. Find the present age of each.
Present
x 👉 Father
y 👉 son
4 years ago
x - 4 👉 Father
y - 4 👉 Son

Condition 1
x + y = 56

Condition 2
x - 4 = 3(y - 4)
x - 4 = 3y - 12
x = 3y - 8

Solving simultaneously the equations:

3y - 8 + y = 56
4y = 56 + 8
4y = 64
y = 16 y.o. 👉 Son
x = 56 - y
x = 56 - 16
x = 40 y.o. 👉 Father

Ctto for the questions

Posted by Nathaniel J. Jayme on PCSRFA

🎲HOW TO SOLVE AGE PROBLEM🎲

Q1. Cassey is thrice as old as Coleen. In 4 years, Cassey will be twice as old as Coleen.
How old is Cassey now?

Step by step tayo para masundan.

🍎"Cassey is thrice as old as Coleen."

Cassey = 3x
Coleen = x

🍎"In 4 years, Cassey will be twice as old as Coleen."

Cassey = 3x + 4
Coleen = x + 4

🍎Saan mapupunta yung twice sa statement? Since twice daw ang tanda ni Cassey after 4 years so kay Coleen ilalagay yung
twice para maging balance sila.

Cassey = 3x + 4
Coleen = 2(x + 4)

🍎Equation :
3x + 4 = 2(x+4)
3x + 4 = 2x + 8 (distributive property)
3x - 2x = 8 - 4 (nag cchange sign kapag lumilipat sa kabila)
x=4✔
🍎Present Age
Cassey = 3x = 3(4) = 12 ✔
Coleen = x = 4 ✔
🍎Kapag tinanong kung anong age nila after 4 years.
Cassey = 3x+4 = 3(4)+4 = 16
Coleen = x + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
🍎Checking
Thrice daw tanda ni Cassey kay Coleen sa present age. 12 & 4
Twice daw ang tanda ni Cassey kay Coleen after 4 years. 16 & 8
🍎Q2. Faith is 2 years older than Dian. In 5 years, their total age will be 36. How old is Faith now?
🍎"Faith is 2 years older than Dian."

Faith = x + 2
Dian = x

🍎"In 5 years, their total age will be 36."

Faith = x + 2 + 5
Dian = x + 5
Total = 36

x + 2 + 5 + x + 5 = 36
2x + 12 = 36
2x = 36 - 12
2x = 24
x = 12 ✔
🍎PRESENT AGE:
Faith = x + 2 = 12 + 2 = 14 ✔
Dian = 12 ✔
🍎Checking:
Their total age after 5 years is 36.
Faith = 14 + 5 = 19
Dian = 12 + 5 = 17
19 + 17 = 36 ✔

Posted by Calvz Echon on PCSRFA

WORK PROBLEM involving TWO PERSON/WORK.

MAD METHOD- If we want to find out the working time together.

MSD METHOD - If we want to find an individual working time.

Example #1
Jack can pull all of the weeds by himself in 3 hours; Jill can pull the same amount of weeds in 6 hours. How long would
it take Jack & Jill to pull the weeds together?

Since together, We use MAD METHOD.

3 x 6 = 18 (multiplication)

3 + 6 = 9 (addition)
18 ÷ 9 = 2 hours ✔✔✔ (division)

Example #2
Jack can pull all of the weeds by himself in 3 hours; if Jill helps him they can pull the same amount of weeds in 2 hours.
How long would it take Jill to pull the weeds working alone?

Since, Jill's time is missing, we use MSD METHOD.

3 x 2 = 6 (multiplication)

3 - 2 = 1 (subtraction)

6 ÷ 1 = 6 hours ✔✔✔ (division)

*HOPE IT HELPS 👍
Posted by Calvz Echon on PCSRFA

🎲TECHNIQUE in SOLVING WORK PROBLEM INVOLVING TWO PERSON. (10 seconds)🎲

Q1. Peter can mow the lawn in 40 minutes and John can mow the lawn in 60 minutes. How long will it take for them to mow
the lawn together?

Solution #1

🍎Formula : 1/t1 + 1/t2 = 1/total

•sa formula nito pwedeng dalawahan or tatluhan dagdagan mo nalang ng isa•

Peter = 1/40
John = 1/60
Total = 1/x

1/40 + 1/60 = 1/x (Equation)

Next step is LCD of 40 and 60 = 120
120/40 + 120/60 = 120/x
Simplify
3 + 2 = 120/x
5 = 120/x
5x = 120
x = 24 minutes ✔
🍎Together they can finish it in 24 minutes.
Solution #2 -
🍎MAD METHOD is used when you want to find out the working time together.
M = ultiplication
A = ddition
D = ivision
M = 40 × 60 = 2400
A = 40 + 60 = 100
D = 2400 ÷ 100 = 24 minutes ✔
🍎What if the indivudual working time is missing?

Q2 . Peter can mow the lawn in 40 minutes. Together with John, they can mow the lawn in 24 minutes. How long will John take
to mow the lawn alone?

Solution #2
🍎MSD METHOD is used when you want to find out the working time alone.
🍎Instead of Addition you used Subtraction.
M = 40 × 24 = 960
S = 40 - 24 = 16
D = 960 ÷ 16 = 60 minutes ✔
🍎John can mown the lawn alone in 60 minutes. (see Q1.)
🍎NOTE : dapat tuloy tuloy yung working hours nila sa paggawa. Sa ibang problem kasi may nakaindicate na tumitigil sila sa
paggawa then resume. ✌
🍅•IMPORTANT REMINDER•🍅

May mga times na mag aarrived kayo sa answers na decimals like 2.8 hours, 3.4hours, etc. Kapag wala kayo makita sa choices
na naka decimals baka nakaconvert na po yun.

Example

2.8hours = separate the whole number which is 2. Then deal with decimals.

.8 multiply to 60 minutes kasi naka hour form pa yung .8

.8 x 60 = 48 minutes

2.8hours is also equal to 2 hrs & 48 mins. ✔

3.4hours is equal to?
3 hours 40 minutes ❌
3 hours 24 minutes ✔
Kapag naka DAY FORM yung answer yung decimal imumultiply sa 24 kasi sa isang araw may 24 hours. ✌

Posted by Calvz Echon on PCSRFA

🎲SHORTCUT FOR FINDING TOTAL NUMBER OF ANIMALS INSIDE A FARM. (LESS THAN 10 SECONDS)🎲

🍎 A farm has a number of ducks and cows. If their total heads are 35 and their total legs are 120, how many ducks are
there?

🍎1st step : HALF the total number of legs.

120 ÷ 2 = 60

🍎2nd step = Half Legs minus total number of heads.

60 - 35 = 25 (cows) automatic sa four-legged animals ito.

🍎3rd step = Total Heads minus number of four legged animals.

35 - 25 = 10 (ducks) ✔

To Check :

Cows = 25 × 4 = 100 legs

Ducks = 10 × 2 = 20 legs
100 + 20 = 120 total legs

🍎25 cows + 10ducks = 35 total animals in the farm ✌

🍎EXAMPLE #1

There are a number of sheeps and chickens in the farm. If the total number of heads is 50 and their total legs is 180, how
many sheeps are there?

🍎1st step : 180 ÷ 2 = 90

🍎2nd step : 90 - 50 = 40 sheeps ✔
🍎3rd step = 50 - 40 = 10 chickens ✔

Checking:

Sheeps = 40 × 4 = 160 legs

Chickens = 10 × 2 = 20 legs

160 + 20 = 180 total legs ✌

🍎Ayan po shinashare ko na lahat ng easy formula na nalalaman ko sa math. HAHAHA sana makatulong sa darating na exam.
✌
Posted by Calvz Echon on PCSRFA

🎲TECHNIQUE in MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS🎲

Example :

36 50
---- × ----- = ?
5 9

Pansinin niyo po mataas masyado yung mga numbers right? 36 × 50 napakataas kung tutuusin. Well may mga technique para
hindi na tayo need mag multiply ng mga high numbers.

🍎1st step : Divisibility. 36 and 9 are both divisible by 9 right? So by dividing it by 9, 36 will become 4 and 9 will become 1.

4 50
--- × ------
5 1

Also 50 and 5 are both divisible by 5. 50 divided by 5 is 10. 5 divided by 5 is 1.

4 10
--- × ---- = 40 ✔✔✔
1 1

Make sure lang na kapag nagdivisibility ka isang NUMERATOR at isang DENOMINATOR.

Bawal parehas ng position.

Example:

22 45
---- × ------ = ?
15 11

45 and 15 both divisible by 15.

22 and 11 both divisible by 11.
So magiging:

2 3
-- × -- = 6/1 or 6 ✔✔
1 1

Example #2

64 36
---- × ----- = ?
8 6

64 and 8 both divisible by 8.

36 and 6 both divisible by 6.

8 6
-- × -- = 48 ✔✔✔
1 1
Malaking tulong talaga kapag kabisado mo yung multiplication table. ✌
Sana nakatulong to kahit papano sa mga hirap magmultiply ng high numbers sa fractions.✌

Posted by Calvz Echon on PCSRFA

🎲TECHNIQUE in AVERAGING🎲

🍎 Jane needs to get an average of 90. If her first four subject scores are 89 92 87 and 88, what score must she get next?
🍎 90 = Target Average

90 - 89 = 1
90 - 92 = -2
90 - 87 = 3
90 - 88 = 2

🍎 What score must she get next?

1-2+3+2=4📌
90 + 4 = 94 ✔
she needs to get on her next score.
🍎 CHECKING :
(89 + 92 + 87 + 88 + 94 ) ÷ 5 = 90 (average) 📌

Example
🍎 Albert scores 84, 82, 87, 85 on his four subjects. What score should Albert get next in order to get an average of 85?

85 - 84 = 1
85 - 82 = 3
85 - 87 = -2
85 - 85 = 0

1+3-2+0=2
85 + 2 = 87 Albert must get a score of 87 to get an average of 85. ✔

Posted by Calvz Echon on PCSRFA

Direct vs. Inverse Proportion:

🔸Direct Proportion:

Sa direct proportion, tapat tapat lang, kung tataas ang number ng isa, ganun din sa kabila.

Example:

1.) If the weight of 12 sheets of thick paper is 40 grams, how many sheets of the same paper would weigh 2.5 kilograms?

Dapat ang # of sheets of thick paper ay tataas dahil ang weight niya ay tumaas din.

Convert muna ang 2.5kg to gm

2.5 kg = 2500 gm

Tapat tapat lang.

kung may 12 sheets sa 40 grams may X sheets naman sa 2500 grams.

Let X be the # of sheets of thick paper:

12 40gm
------ = --------------
x 2500gm

cross multiply:

30000 = 40x

divide both sides by 40 para maiwan si X

30000/40 = 40x/40

750 = x

Thus, 750 sheets of thick paper would weigh 2.5 kilograms.

🔹Inverse Proportion:

Kabaliktaran naman ito ng Direct Proportion.

Kung mag increase ang number ng isa, mag decrease naman ang number sa kabila.

(When x = 6, y = 7. Find a formula for y. Since y is inversely proportional to x then the formula is y = k/x. So if you substitute
these numbers into the formula you get 7 = k/6.)

Example:

2.) If one rabbit can chew 20 carrots in 15 hours, how long will it take 5 rabbits to chew the same 20 carrots?

Kung ang isang rabbit daw can chew 20 carrots in 15 hours, dapat mas maikli ang oras kung may 5 rabbits ang nagchew sa the
same number of carrots.

Let X be the hours for 5 rabbits to chew 20 carrots.

1 rabbit x
-------------- = ----------
5 rabbits 15 hrs
Kung mapapansin niyo, hindi siya tapat tapat unlike sa direct proportion.

instead na 1 rabbit = 15 hrs and 5 rabbits = x hrs, baliktad dahil inverse siya.

kaya 1 rabbit = x and 5 rabbits = 15 hrs.

cross multiply:

15 = 5x

divide both sides by 5 para maiwan si X

15/5 = 5x/5

3=X

Thus, it will take 3 hours for 5 rabbits to chew the same 20 carrots.

Sana nakatulong. 😊😊😊

🔖Simple TECHNIQUES in answering Numerical Series:

Another examples maliban dito sa tutorial-vid

👉1. Examine the difference between adjacent numbers.

→ In a simple series, the difference between two consecutive numbers is constant.

Example: 27, 24, 21, 18, __
Rule: There is a difference of (-3) between each item. The missing number in this case is 15.

→ In a more complex series, the differences between numbers may be dynamic rather than fixed, but there is still a clear
logical rule.
Example: 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 18, __
Rule: Add 1 to the difference between two adjacent items. After the first number add 1, after the second number add 2,
and after the third number add 3, etc. In this case, the missing number is 24.

👉2. See whether there is a multiplication or division pattern between two adjacent numbers.
Example: 64, 32, 16, 8, __
Rule: Divide each number by 2 to get the next number in the series. The missing number is 4.

👉3. Check whether adjacent numbers in the series change based on a logical pattern.
Example: 2, 4, 12, 48, __
Rule: Multiply the first number by 2, the second number by 3 and the third number by 4, etc. The missing item is 240.
👉4. See if you can find a rule that involves using two or more basic arithmetic functions (+, -, ÷, x). In the series below,
the functions alternate in an orderly fashion.
Example: 5, 7, 14, 16, 32, 34, __
Rule: Add 2, multiply by 2, add 2, multiply by 2, etc. The missing item is 68.
Tip: Series in this category are easy to identify. Just look for numbers that do not appear to have a set pattern.

Important: In a series that involves two or more basic arithmetic functions, the differences between adjacent items
effectively create their own series. We recommend that you try to identify each pattern separately.
Example: 4, 6, 2, 8, 3, __
Rule: In this series, the differences themselves create a series: +2, ÷3, x4, -5. The numbers advance by intervals of 1, and
the arithmetic functions change in an orderly sequence. The next arithmetic function in the series should be +6, and so the
next item in the series is 9 (3+6 = 9).

Simple TECHNIQUES or HINTS in answering Numerical Series (Part2)

🚩Different types of Number Series:

1. Perfect Square Series - based on square of a number which is in same order and one square number is missing in that
given series.
2. Perfect Cube Series - based on cube of a number which is in same order and one cube number is missing in that given
series.
3. Ration Series - where sequence are in form of ratio in difference between the numbers.
4. Geometric Series - based on ascending or descending sequence of numbers and each continuous number is obtain by
multiplying or dividing the preceding number with static number.
5. Two Stage Type Series - a two stage arithmetic series is one formation of arithmetic series are obtain from differences
of continuous numbers themselves.
6. Mixed Series - has more than one different order are given, which has arranged in alternatively in a single series.

Credit to:
Leonalyn Mutia-Tayone