Scribd
Upload
198 views

Sph4u Note Energy Analysis + Planetary Motion

1) The work required to move a satellite from an initial radius R1 to a final radius R2 against gravitational force can be calculated from the integral of the gravitational force over the distance. 2) The total energy of a satellite in orbit consists of its gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy, which can be derived in terms of the mass of the satellite, mass of the planetary body, and orbital radius. 3) The escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for a satellite to escape a planetary body's gravitational pull and reach an infinite distance where its total energy is zero.

Uploaded by

David Hilberg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
198 views

Sph4u Note Energy Analysis + Planetary Motion

1) The work required to move a satellite from an initial radius R1 to a final radius R2 against gravitational force can be calculated from the integral of the gravitational force over the distance. 2) The total energy of a satellite in orbit consists of its gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy, which can be derived in terms of the mass of the satellite, mass of the planetary body, and orbital radius. 3) The escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for a satellite to escape a planetary body's gravitational pull and reach an infinite distance where its total energy is zero.

Uploaded by

David Hilberg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ST.

MICHAEL’S COLLEGE SCHOOL


SPH4U PHYSICS
ENERGY ANALYSIS WITH PLANETARY MOTION

In order to move satellite from R1


to R2 there must be work done
against the force of gravity.

𝑊 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝐺 − 𝑅 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ


𝑅=𝑅2

𝑊 = ∫ 𝐹𝐺 𝑑𝑅
𝑅=𝑅1
𝑅=𝑅2
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑊= ∫ 𝑑𝑅
𝑅2
𝑅=𝑅1
𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑊=− − (− )
𝑅2 𝑅1
However, 𝑊 = ∆𝐸𝑇= ∆𝐸𝑔
(∆Ek is negligible)
𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚
∆𝐸𝑔 = − − (− )
𝑅2 𝑅1
𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑔2 − 𝐸𝑔1 = − − (− )
𝑅2 𝑅1
From this we can say
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑔 = −
𝑅

Let’s Understand The Negative

𝐹𝐺 → 0
∴ 𝐸𝑔∞ → 0

Therefore, Eg does increase as R increases!


Consider a satellite in orbit will have 𝑬𝒈∘ and 𝑬𝑲∘  𝑬𝑻∘

How To Find 𝑬𝑲∘ In Orbit


𝐹𝑁𝐸𝑇 = 𝐹𝑔
𝑚𝑉∘2 𝐺𝑀𝑚
=
𝑅∘ 𝑅∘2
Multiply By 𝑅∘
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑚𝑉∘2 =
𝑅∘
Multiply ½ Both Sides
1 1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑚𝑉∘2 =
2 2 𝑅∘
1
𝐸𝐾 = 𝑚𝑉 2
2
Therefore,
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝐾𝑜 =
2 𝑅∘
Therefore,
𝐸𝑇∘ = 𝐸𝐾∘ + 𝐸𝑔∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑇∘ = + (− )
2 𝑅∘ 𝑅∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑇∘ = −
2 𝑅∘
Therefore These 3 Equations Can Be Derived for a Satellite in Orbit
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑔∘ = −
𝑅∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝐾∘ =
2 𝑅∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑇∘ = −
2 𝑅∘

𝑬𝒈𝑬 , 𝑬𝑲𝑬 , 𝑬𝑻𝑬 At Earths Surface 𝑬𝒈∞ , 𝑬𝑲∞ , 𝑬𝑻∞ At 𝑹 = ∞


𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑔𝐸 = −
𝑅𝐸 𝐸𝑔∞ = 0
𝐸𝐾𝐸 = 0 (object is at rest) 𝐸𝐾∞ = 0 (object just reaches infinity)
𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐸𝑇∞ = 𝐸𝑔∞ + 𝐸𝐾∞ = 0
𝐸𝑇𝐸 = 𝐸𝑔𝐸 + 𝐸𝐾𝐸 = −
𝑅𝐸
𝐸𝑔∞ = 0
𝐸𝐾∞ = 0
Summary 𝐸𝑇∞ = 0
𝑅∞
Work (𝐸𝐸𝑆𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐸 ) To Escape The Earths Gravitational Field.
The energy to go from the earth’s surface to beyond the
earth’s gravitational field
𝐸𝐸𝑆𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇∞ − 𝐸𝑇𝐸
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝐸𝑆𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐸 = 0 − (− )
𝑅𝐸
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝐸𝑆𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐸 = ( )
𝑅𝐸
Escape Velocity
𝐸𝐾𝐸𝑆𝐶 = 𝐸𝐸𝑆𝐶 Work (𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑁𝐷𝐼𝑁𝐺 ) the energy to
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
2
𝑚𝑉𝐸𝑆𝐶 = hold a satellite in orbit -OR- to
2 𝑅𝐸 take a satellite from orbit to
2𝐺𝑀 infinity.
𝑉𝐸𝑆𝐶 = √ 𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑁𝐷𝐼𝑁𝐺 = 𝐸𝑇∞ − 𝐸𝑇∘
𝑅𝐸
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑁𝐷𝐼𝑁𝐺 = 0 − (− )
2 𝑅∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑁𝐷𝐼𝑁𝐺 =
2 𝑅∘
𝑅∘
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝑔∘ = −
𝑅∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝐸𝐾∘ = Work (𝑊∘ ) To Put A Satellite
2 𝑅∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚 Into Orbit.
𝐸𝑇∘ = − 𝑊∘ = 𝐸𝑇∘ − 𝐸𝑇𝐸
2 𝑅∘
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑊𝑜 = (− ) − (− )
2 𝑅∘ 𝑅𝐸
To find the velocity at which a
satellite must be launched to
reach orbit, the Work to reach
orbit can be set equal to the
𝐺𝑀𝑚 kinetic energy supplied by the
𝐸𝑔𝐸 = −
𝑅𝐸 fuel at launch.
𝐸𝐾𝐸 = 0 𝐸𝐾𝐿 = 𝑊∘
𝐺𝑀𝑚 1
𝐸𝑇𝐸 = − 𝑚𝑉𝐿 2 = 𝑊∘
𝑅𝐸 2
2𝑊∘
𝑉𝐿 = √
𝑚
1 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚
2[(− 2 𝑅 ) − (− 𝑅 )]
√ ∘ 𝐸
𝑉𝐿 =
𝑚

You might also like