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Muhamad Najat: Flash & Fire Point Test

This document summarizes a flash point and fire point test conducted on an asphalt sample. The test was performed according to ASTM D92-99 and AASHTO T48-96. The asphalt sample had a flash point of 298°C and a fire point above 298°C. The corrected flash point, accounting for barometric pressure, was 298.198°C. This meets the specification requirement of being above 175°C.

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Aso M. Hawrami
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72 views

Muhamad Najat: Flash & Fire Point Test

This document summarizes a flash point and fire point test conducted on an asphalt sample. The test was performed according to ASTM D92-99 and AASHTO T48-96. The asphalt sample had a flash point of 298°C and a fire point above 298°C. The corrected flash point, accounting for barometric pressure, was 298.198°C. This meets the specification requirement of being above 175°C.

Uploaded by

Aso M. Hawrami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Duhok Polytechnic University

Engineering Technical College

Highway & Bridges Department

Second stage

Flash & Fire point Test


ASTM D92-99
AASHTO T48-96

Student Name: Muhamad Najat

No. of test: “ 4 “
Group: “ B “

Experiment date: 04 / 03 / 2018


Submission date: 26 / 03 / 2018
Introduction:
This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method and depends on
definite rates of temperature increases to control the precision of the test method.
Its primary use is for viscous materials having flash point of 79°C (175°F) and
above.
It is also used to determine fire point, which is a temperature above the flash point,
at which the test specimen will support combustion for a minimum of 5 s.

Scope:
This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point
of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an
automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points
above 79°C (175°F) and below 400°C (752°F) except fuel oils.

Test conditions:
For petroleum products except fuel oils and materials having an expected
flash point below 79 ᵒC.
Use & significance:
The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a
flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only
one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the
overall flammability hazard of a material.
Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and
combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise
definitions of these classifications.
Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and
flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For
example, an abnormally low flash point on a test specimen of engine oil can
indicate gasoline contamination.
This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of
materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under
controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise
the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual
fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements
of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are
pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
The fire point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to support
combustion.

Precautions:
We must use suitable technical grade solvent capable of cleaning out the test
specimen from the test cup and drying the test cup. Some commonly used
solvents are toluene and acetone. (Toluene, acetone, and many solvents are
flammable. Health hazard. Dispose of solvents and waste material in
accordance with local regulations.)
Apparatus:

Cleveland open cup- apparatus.


1. Test cup.
2. Test flame applicator.
3. Heater.
4. Support.
5. Shield for wind protection.
Thermometer.

Preparation:

1. Support the manual or automated apparatus on a level steady surface, such


as a table.

2. Tests are to be performed in a draft-free room or compartment. Tests made


in a laboratory hood or in any location where drafts occur are not to be
relied upon.

3. Wash the test cup with the cleaning solvent to remove any test specimen or
traces of gum or residue remaining from a previous test. If any deposits of
carbon are present, they should be removed with a material such as a very
fine grade of steel wool. Ensure that the test cup is completely clean and
dry before using again. If necessary, flush the test cup with cold water and
dry for a few minutes over an open flame or a hot plate to remove the last
traces of solvent and water. Cool the test cup to at least 56°C (100°F)
below the expected flash point before using.

4. Support the temperature measuring device in a vertical position with the


bottom of the device located 6.4 6 0.1 mm (1⁄4 6 1⁄50 in.) up from the
bottom of the inside of the test cup and located at a point halfway between
the center and the side of the test cup on a diameter perpendicular to the
arc (or line) of the sweep of the test flame and on the side opposite to the
test flame applicator mounting position.
5. Prepare the manual apparatus or the automated apparatus for operation
according to the manufacturer’s instructions for calibrating, checking, and
operating the equipment.

Procedure:

1. Full the cup by asphalt to the filling line. The temperature of the material
should be as low as possible, and the maximum 56 °C below the
expected flash point temperature.

2. Apply heat initially so that the rate of temperature rise of the sample is
(14 to 17)℃/min. when the sample temperature is approximately 56℃
below the anticipated flash point. Decrease the heat so that the rate of
temperature rise of the last 28℃ before the flash points is (5-6)℃.

3. Apply the test flame when the temperature becomes at least 28ᵒC below the
flash point. Across the center of the cup.

4. Record the temperature reading on the thermometer when a flash appears at


any point on the surface of the sample.

5. To determine the fire point, continue heating until the surface of the sample
burns for at least 5 sec.
Calculation & result:

Corrected flash or fire point = C + 0.033 (760 – P)

Where:
C: Observed flash or fire point (℃).
P: Ambient barometric pressure (mm Hg).

Flash point Fire point Asphalt grade


298℃ AC - 40

Corrected Flash point = C + 0.033 (760 – P)


= 298 + 0.033 (760 – 754) = 298.198℃
Discussion:

This test is very important because during construction of bituminous


pavements, the engineer may restrict the mixing or application temperatures
well within the limits so as this test gives indication of critical temperature at
and above which suitable precautions should be taken to eliminate fire hazards
during use of asphalt (heating should be limited to a temperature well below
the flash point).

The flash point lowest temp. corrected to a barometric (760mmHg), at which


application of a test flame causes the vapor of a specimen to ignite under
specified conditions of test.

Fire point lowest temp. at which sample burns 58 .


Flash occurs before fire .

Our sample is within specification because it has 298.198 >175 flash point

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