Subfile for Inquiry with Update

Same as Load All

But the subfile fields will be editable

Use READC and CHAIN to read and update the data into the data base

Show the control format again

SFLNXTCHG

Record-level keyword on the subfile record used to force the workstation user to correct
errors

If a subfile record is written (WRITE or UPDATE) with SFLNXTCHG active :

The MDT for that record is turned on

The record will be retrieved from the subfile by a READC even if the user did not
modify any field in that record on the display

MDT is set off when the changed record is retrieved

Additional routine after EXFMT in the load all pgm

SFLFOLD/SFLDROP
Use these keywords to display the subfile initially in the folded or in the truncated format, if the
subfile record does not fit in one line

Can be toggled to the other state, by associating a function key

Either CA or CF key can be associated.

Use CF key, if the screen has input capable fields

SFLDROP
Initial Look

After Pressing F11

Use this record level keyword to display a subfile as a horizontal subfile

Series or list of variables in computer memory, all of which have the same name but are
differentiated with special number called subscripts

Each array element occupies an area in memory next to, or contiguous to, the others

Types of Arrays

Compile-time:

Loaded when the program is created and it becomes part of the program. The data for
the array elements is supplied within the program

Pre-runtime:

Array is loaded from a file whenever the program is called, before any input, output or
calculation processing started

Run-time:

Loaded while the program is running. The execution of the program loads the array

Example - Runtime

Example Compile time

Array Opcodes

LOKUP

SORTA

MOVEA

XFOOT

Data Structures

Continuous stream of bytes

Program crated and internal

Treated as stream of Character data

Globally initialized to blanks

Can be initialized at individual field level

Can be initialized using named constants also at the field level

Uses

To Group fields

To split fields

To re-define the fields

As a parameter list
Types

Basic

Multiple Occurrence

Data Area

Program Status

File Information

Example Redefining
Initialization

Example Parameter list

Multiple Occurrence

Used to implement two dimensional array

OCUR opcode is used to access the specific occurrence

Factor 2 determines the DS name

Result Field captures the occurrence number, if factor 1 is blank

Indicator specified in Low column will be set on if the factor 1 tries to position in DS, which out
of range

Two dimensional Array

Data Area Data Structure

The data structure name and the data area name will be the same

Identified by U in Option Column

The data structure name and the data area name will be the same

Using LDA as a DS

Another way
Using multiple Data Areas

When multiple data areas are needed to be read and written:

Define all of them using DEFN

Use IN/OUT with *NAMVAR in factor 2

This will reduce the coding of writing multiple IN and OUT statements

Ex: IN *NAMVAR

OUT *NAMVAR

Subprograms

When to go for a subprogram

Utility used by many Application

Easier Maintenance

Taking advantage of other language

Move the routine, which is infrequently used to a separate program

Even though the parameters are passed by reference, the indicator array is unique for each
program

Hence Indicator as such can NOT be passed to the subprogram

Pass it as a 1 byte character variable

Returning from Subprogram

SETON LR

Return to the calling program immediately without ending the subprogram

RETRN

Complete the current cycle, return to calling program without ending the subprogram

SETON RT

LR Vs RT/RETRN

Subprogram Deactivation

Use FREE Opcode in the calling program

Removes Static Storage (variables and links to ODPs)

Does the first cycle processing during the next call

Does not close the files or unlock Data Area

Use RCLRSC

Frees Static storage and all unused ODPs

Use QCMDEXC

House Keeping

Run-time clearing and resetting of all elements record format, data structure, array, or a
variable (field, subfield, or indicator)
Opcodes:

CLEAR

zero, blank, or '0'

RESET

To their initial values set in DS or in *INZSR

*INZSR

Subroutine name is *INZSR

Invoked

When the program is called for the first time

Ended with SETON LR

FREE opcode executed in calling program

Invoked automatically. Can be executed using EXSR or CASxx

RESET opcode initializes to those specified in *INZSR

Coded as a normal subroutine

Exception/Error Handling

Program and File Exceptions

division by zero, not valid array index, SQRT of a negative number, Decimal Data Error,
Called program not found

Examples of file exceptions

Device error, undefined record type

File Information Data Structure

Error Handling PSDS

Status Codes
Exception Handling Methods

Default Error Handler

Resulting Indicator Method

Invocation of implicit subroutine

Resulting Indicator Method

Resulting indicator set in the LO column is used for trapping the error

It is set on, if there is an in the opcode associated

Implicit Routine File Exception

Data Base Locks

A program can lock only one record per file

Read record for update

The locked record is released after

UPDATE

CLOSE

WRITE
READ another in the same file for UPDATE

Release

UNLCK

EXCPT

READ with no lock

Test Opcode
Opertion Extender

P in position 53

Result field is padded

Move padded from the left

MoveL or MoveA is padded from the right

For CAT, SUBST or XLATE result field padded from right

Getting Current Date