EE - 422 UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER

Lectures: 4 periods / week

Sessional Marks: 40
Tutorials: 1 period / week
Semester End Exam Marks: 60
Semester End Exam: 3 hrs
Credits: 4
Course Objectives:
_ To make students learn the various usage of electrical energy such as illumination, heating,
welding etc.
_ To impart the knowledge on electric traction as it is one of the most important applications of
Electrical Engineering.
_ To provide specific knowledge of Principles and characteristics of Lead-acid and Ni-Cad
batteries, importance of float charge, initial charge and equalizing charge and affect over discharge
of batteries.
_ To derive the heating and cooling curve and to study the various classes of duty and Selection of
power rating.
Learning outcomes:
After completing this course, students will be able to:
_ Select the motor power rating for the specific application.
_ Know how to utilize the electrical energy for production of heat and welding process.
_ Design of heat elements such as furnaces and ovens.
_ Know the lighting calculations for different kinds of applications.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT - I [Text Books- 1& 2]

Motor Power Rating and selection: General considerations in selecting motor power ratings -
Selection of motor capacity for continuous duty - Equivalent current, torque and power methods -
Selection of capacity for short time and intermittent periodic duty - Heating and cooling of motors
- Load equalization - fly wheel and its applications in load equalization.
Storage batteries: Applications - rating - classification-dry cell and wet cells-primary and
secondary cells-charging and discharging of lead acid cells, trickle charging-methods of charging
lead acid batteries-over discharging-common troubles with lead acid batteries and remedies-
Nickel cadmium batteries. (20)

UNIT - II [Text Book- 1]

Electric Traction: Systems of electric traction - transmission of drive -mechanics of train

movement, speed-time curves-effect of speed, acceleration and distance on schedule - Power and
energy output from driving axles - specific energy output - series-parallel method of speed
control - shunt bridge transition - collectors (15)

UNIT - III [Text Book- 1]

Electric Heating: Elementary principles of heat transfer - Stefan's law - electric furnaces - resistance
furnace - design of heating element losses and efficiency - Construction and working of different
types of induction furnaces - Dielectric heating - arc furnaces - control equipment.
Welding: Types of welding - resistance and arc welding Characteristics of Carbon and metallic arc
welding - comparison. (Excluding electronic controls) (16)

UNIT - IV [Text Book- 1]

Illumination: Light production by excitation - Gas discharge lamps -Fluorescent lamps - Ultra
violet lamps - Arc lamps - Filament lamps -Polar curves - Effect of voltage variation - Lighting
calculations solid angle and square law methods of calculation - Factory lighting - flood lighting
and street lighting-Introduction to Compact Fluorescent Lamps - Introduction to LED lighting
systems. (12)

LEARNING RESOURCES:

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Utilization of Electrical Power and Electric Traction by J.B.Gupta, S.K.Kataria&sons
publications, 9th edition
2. Utilization, generation & conservation of electrical energy by Sunil S Rao, Khanna publishers,
first edition 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Generation distribution and utilization of electrical energy by CLWadhwa, New Age 2005.
2. A Text Book on Power System Engineering by M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U. S. Bhatnagar and A
Chakraborti, Dhanpat Rai & Co. Pvt. Ltd.,2001.
3. Utilization Electric Power by Openshaw Taylor Orient Longman, 1986.
4. Art and Science of Utilization of Electrical Energy by Partab H, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New
Delhi. Second edition.

WEB REFERENCES:
1. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=108105060
2. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Kharagpur/
Illumination%20Engg/New_index1.html
3. www.bee-india.org
4. www.eia.doe.gov
5. www.irfca.org

EE422(R-12)
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
EE422 (UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER)
Maximum Marks: 60
Time: 3 Hours
Answer question No.1 Compulsorily (12x1 = 12)
Answer One Question from each unit (4x12 = 48)
1.
a) What is load equalization? How it is done?
b) Give the applications lead-acid cells.
c) What are passive loads?
d) What is meant by the term specific energy?
e) What do you mean by coasting in traction?
f) Why do you prefer dc series motor for traction system?
g) Define Stefans law.
h) What is the function of starter in fluorescent lamp?
i) Define solid angle.
j) What is meant by induction heating?
k) What is meant by welding?
l) Name the types of electrodes used in arc furnaces

Unit-I

2. a) Derive an expression for temperature rise of an electrical machine.

b) A motor has the following operating cycle: 100HP for 15 minutes, no-load for 5 min,
50 HP for 15 min, no-load for 5 min. The cycle is repeated indefinitely. Determine the
suitable rating of motor.
(or)

c) Derive an expression for torque developed by the motor fitted with a flywheel for
different load conditions.
d) Explain construction and working principle of lead-acid storage batteries.

Unit-II

3. a) Define i) Schedule speed ii) Average speed

b) An electric train maintains a schedule speed of 40kmph between stations situated at
1.5 km apart. It is accelerated at 1.7 kmphps and braked at 3.2 kmphps. Draw the speed
time curve for the run. Estimate the energy consumption at the axles of the train. Assume
tractive resistance constant at 50 N/tone and allow 10% for the effect of rotational inertia.

(or)

c) Derive an expression for specific energy consumption.

d) A train weighing 203 tonnes accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 45kmph up
a gradient of 1 in 500, the time taken being 30 seconds. The power is then cutoff and the
train costs down uniform gradient of 1 in 1000 for a period of 40 seconds. Then brakes
are applied for a period of 15 seconds so as to bring the train uniformly to rest on this
gradient. Calculate i) the maximum power output from driving axles. ii) The energy taken
from the conductor rails in KWH. Assume efficiency of 60%. Assume train resistance is
44 n/tonne at all speeds. And allow 10% rotational inertia.

Unit-III

4. a) With neat diagrams explain the constructional features, principle of working and
control methods of arc furnaces.

b) A piece of an insulating material is to be heated by dielectric heating. The size of the

piece is 10103 cm3. A frequency of 20 mega cycles is used and the power absorbed is
400 watts. Calculate the voltage necessary for heating and current that flows in the
material. The material has a permittivity of 5 and a power factor of 0.05.

(or)

c) Describe the Ajax Wyatt (vertical core) type induction furnace and explain its
working.

d) Describe with relative diagrams, the three different types of resistance welding.

Unit-IV

5. a) A small light source with uniform intensity is mounted at a height of 10 meters above a
horizontal surface two points A and B both lie on the surface with point A directly
beneath the source. How far is B from A, if the illumination at B is only 1/15 as that at
A?

b) Describe the construction and working of a filament lamp. Compare it with fluorescent
lamp.

(or)

c) Write the short notes on the following.

i) Factory lighting
ii) Flood lighting
iii) Law of Inverse Square for illumination.