Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

Example: Unbraced slender column with bi-axial bending C11

Rectangular column design by PROKON. (RecCol Ver W3.0.10 - 04 Jan 2017)

b=230
Design code : Eurocode 2 - 2004 750
Y
d'y=40

d'x=40
General design parameters:
Given:
h = 600 mm 500

b = 230 mm
d'x = 40 mm h=600
X X
d'y = 40 mm 250

l = 4.800 m
fck = 30 MPa
fy = 450 MPa
0

Design chart for bending about the X-X axis:

Y 250

Column design chart (X-X)

0

Moment max = 1048 kNm @ 1270kN

6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
Axial load (kN)

2000 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1500
1000
1000
1050
1100
1150
50.0
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950

500

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 320.3kNm @ 1159kN

6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
Axial load (kN)

2000 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1500
1000
20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340
500

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Therefore:

Ac = b . h
= .23 .6
= 0.1380 m

h' = h - d'x
= .6 - .04
= 0.5600 m

b' = b - d'y
= .23 - .04
= 0.1900 m

Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clauses 5.8.8.3, 5.8.4, and 5.8.8 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) An area steel is chosen.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis/axes and design ultimate moment(s) is/are determined .
(5) The steel required for the design axial force and moments is read from
the relevant design charts.
(6) The procedure is repeated until the convergence of the area steel
about the design axis/axes.
(7) The area steel for the secondary design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.
(8) The procedure is repeated for each load case.
(9) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the largest
steel area about the design axis.

Through inspection:
Load case 3 (DL + LL + WL) is critical.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
The column is unbraced.

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
The column is unbraced.

Effective column height:

lox = x. l
= 1.3 4.8
= 6.240 m

loy = y. l
= 1.3 4.8
= 6.240 m

Column slenderness about both axes:

lox
x =
rx
6.24
=
.17321
= 36.026
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

loy
y =
ry
6.24
=
.0664
= 93.976

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the imperfection
eccentricity moments are added about one axis at a time.

For the worst effect, add the eccentricity moment about the minor axis:

5.2(7)

. l0
eminx =
2
.005 6.24
=
2
= 0.0156 m

5.2(7)

. l0
eminy =
2
.005 6.24
=
2
= 0.0156 m

But emin must be at least 20mm or the value below:

6.4

eminx = 0.03 . h
= 0.03 .6
= 0.0180 m

6.4

eminy = 0.03 . b
= 0.03 .23
= 0.0069 m
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

Mminy = eminy. N
= .02 351
= 7.020 kNm

Check if the column is slender: 5.8.3.1

Ned = 351.0 kN

acc. f ck
f cd =
1.5
1 30
=
1.5
= 20.000 MPa

5.5.3.1 (1)

Ned
n=
Ac. f cd
351
=
.138 20000
= 0.1272

Check slenderness about X-X 5.8.3.1 (1)

A = 0.7

5.8.3.1 (1)

B = 1.1

Larger end moment about X-X axis

M02 = 79.0 kNm

Smaller end moment about X-X axis

M01 = 42.5 kNm

5.8.3.1 (1)
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

M01
rm = -
M02
42.52
=-
79.02
= -0.5381

Unbraced about X-X therefore set rm = 1

5.8.3.1 (1)

C = 1.7 - rm
= 1.7 - 1
= 0.7000

5.8.3.1 (1)

20 . A . B . C
limx =
n
20 .7 1.1 .7
=
.12717
= 30.229

x = 36.03 > 30.23

Check slenderness about Y-Y 5.8.3.1 (1)

A = 0.7

5.8.3.1 (1)

B = 1.1

Larger end moment about Y-Y axis

M02 = 48.0 kNm

Smaller end moment about Y-Y axis

M01 = 38.0 kNm

5.8.3.1 (1)
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

M01
rm = -
M02
38
=-
48
= -0.7917

Unbraced about Y-Y therefore set rm = 1

5.8.3.1 (1)

C = 1.7 - rm
= 1.7 - 1
= 0.7000

5.8.3.1 (1)

20 . A . B . C
limy =
n
20 .7 1.1 .7
=
.12717
= 30.229

y = 93.98 > 30.23

The column is slender.

Check slenderness limit: 4.7.1.5

= 93.983 < 140

Slenderness limit not exceeded.

Initial moments:
The column is bent in double curvature about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 35.5 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 72.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 35.5 + 0.6 72
= 29.000 kNm
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 72
= 28.800 kNm

Mi 0.4M2 = 29.0 kNm

The column is bent in double curvature about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 38.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 48.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 38 + 0.6 48
= 13.600 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 48
= 19.200 kNm

Mi 0.4M2 = 19.2 kNm

Deflection induced moments: 5.8.8.2

acc. f ck
f cd =
1.5106
1 3000104
=
1.5106
= 20.000 MPa

5.8.8.3 (3)

Ned
n=
Ac. f cd
351000
=
.138 2000104
= 0.1272

5.8.8.3 (3)
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

As . f yd
=
Ac. f cd
.00244 3913105
=
.138 2000104
= 0.3459

5.8.8.3 (3)

nu = 1 +
= 1 + .3454
= 1.345

For bending about the X-X axis:

5.8.8.3 (3)

Nbal
nbal =
Ac. f cd
1322103
=
.138 2000104
= 0.4790

5.8.8.3 (3)

nu - n
Kr =
nu - nbal
1.3454 - .12717
=
1.3454 - .47894
= 1.406

With the proviso that

Kr < = 1

Allowable tensile strain in steel 5.8.8.3 (1)

f yd
yd =
Es
3913105
=
2000108
= 0.0020
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

5.8.8.3 (4)

f ck
= 0.35 + -
200 150
30 36.027
= 0.35 + -
200 150
= 0.2598

5.8.8.3 (4)

K = 1 + . ef
= 1 + .25982 0
= 1.0000

K is limited to >= 1

5.8.8.3 (1)

Kr . K. yd
curvature =
0.45 . d
1 1 .00196
=
0.45 .56
= 0.0078

5.8.8.2 (3)

curvature. lo2
e2 =
c
.00776 6.24 2
=
10
= 0.0302

5.8.8.2 (3)

Madd = Ned. e2
= 351 .03023
= 10.611 kNm
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

For bending about the Y-Y axis:

5.8.8.3 (3)

Nbal
nbal =
Ac. f cd
1170103
=
.138 2000104
= 0.4239

5.8.8.3 (3)

nu - n
Kr =
nu - nbal
1.3454 - .12717
=
1.3454 - .4239
= 1.322

With the proviso that

Kr < = 1

Allowable tensile strain in steel 5.8.8.3 (1)

f yd
yd =
Es
3913105
=
2000108
= 0.0020

5.8.8.3 (4)

f ck
= 0.35 + -
200 150
30 93.983
= 0.35 + -
200 150
= -0.1266

5.8.8.3 (4)

K = 1 + . ef
= 1 + -.12655 0
= 1.0000
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

K is limited to >= 1

5.8.8.3 (1)

Kr . K. yd
curvature =
0.45 . d
1 1 .00196
=
0.45 .19
= 0.0229

5.8.8.2 (3)

curvature. lo2
e2 =
c
.02288 6.24 2
=
10
= 0.0891

5.8.8.2 (3)

Madd = Ned. e2
= 351 .0891
= 31.274 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
N = 351.0 kN

Moments as a result of imperfections added about X-X axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) 5.8.8.2

M = M2 + Madd + emin. N
= 72 + 10.611 + .02 351
= 89.631 kNm
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 89.6 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 36.0 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 53.1 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=89.6 kNm
Mxtop=72.0 kNm Mxadd=10.6 kNm Mxmin=7.0 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=35.5 kNm Mxadd=10.6 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Moments as a result of imperfections added about X-X axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) 5.8.8.2

M = M2 + Madd
= 48 + 31.275
= 79.275 kNm

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the Y-Y:
At the top, My = 79.3 kNm
Near mid-height, My = 19.2 kNm
At the bottom, My = 69.3 kNm

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=79.3 kNm
Mytop=48.0 kNm Myadd=31.3 kNm Mymin=7.0 kNm

+ =

Mybot=38.0 kNm Myadd=31.3 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection:
The critical section lies at the top end of the column.

For bending about the design axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 320.3kNm @ 1159kN

6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
Axial load (kN)

2000 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1500
1000
20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340
500

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Minimum reinforcement required for bending about the X-X axis only:
From the design chart, Asc = 2436 mm = 1.77%

For this value of Asc the following applies:

fsd = 391.3 MPa

fst = 391.3 MPa

acc. f ck
f cd =
1.5106
1 3000104
=
1.5106
= 20.000 MPa

Ac = 138000.0 mm
Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

(f sd + f st ). Asc
f cd. (Ac - Asc) +
2
Nrd =
1103
(3913105 + 3913105 ).00244
2000104 (.138 - .00244 ) +
2
= 3
110
= 3 665.972 kN

N = 351.0 kN

Thus 5.8.9 (4)

a = 1.00

From the design charts:

MRdz = 432.2 kNm

MRdy = 139.2 kNm

Applied moments:

MEdz = 89.6 kNm

MEdy = 79.3 kNm

Thus: 5.8.9 (4)

MEdz a MEdy a
f ac = +
MRdz MRdy
89.631 1 79.275 1
= +
432.23 139.16
= 0.7770

This is < 1 therefore OK.

Project Number: Sheet:

P.O BOX 21879, Project Title:

KAMPALA_UGANDA
Cel: +256(0)392 947 199 Client:
Mob: +256(0)701 947 199
Designed: Checked: Date:
CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Website: http://csecengltd.com Revision No.: Revision Date:
E-Mail : [email protected]

For bending about the design axis - use the Y-axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 320.3kNm @ 1159kN

6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
Axial load (kN)

2000 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1500
1000
20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340
500

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:

Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) Asc (mm)

X-X 7.5 15.0 6.0 0.0 Y-Y 15.0 553 (0.40%)

1 Y-Y 245.0 2.2 4.5 1.8 21.8 Top 31.2 276 (0.20%)

X-X 22.5 45.0 18.0 12.9 Y-Y 57.9 553 (0.40%)

2 Y-Y 427.0 -2.0 11.5 7.7 47.6 Top 67.6 846 (0.61%)

X-X 35.5 72.0 29.0 10.6 Y-Y 89.6 553 (0.40%)

3 Y-Y 351.0 38.0 48.0 19.2 31.3 Top 79.3 1517 (1.10%)

Load case 3 (DL + LL + WL) is critical.