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Chap 01 Real Analysis

This document contains solutions to homework problems from a mathematics class. 1. In the first section, limits are calculated for various expressions involving n approaching infinity. These include limits of rational expressions, radicals, and factorials. 2. The second section contains solutions to exercises involving limits of sequences, including determining whether certain sequences converge and finding their limits. Rationalization is used in one solution. 3. The final problem uses known limit laws to show that if two related sequences converge, their difference must also converge.

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Sawaira Sikander
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219 views

Chap 01 Real Analysis

This document contains solutions to homework problems from a mathematics class. 1. In the first section, limits are calculated for various expressions involving n approaching infinity. These include limits of rational expressions, radicals, and factorials. 2. The second section contains solutions to exercises involving limits of sequences, including determining whether certain sequences converge and finding their limits. Rationalization is used in one solution. 3. The final problem uses known limit laws to show that if two related sequences converge, their difference must also converge.

Uploaded by

Sawaira Sikander
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solutions to Homework 5- MAT319

October 26, 2008

1 3.1
Exercise 1 (3).
This is just a straightforward calculation.
Exercise 2 (5).
(a). lim n2n+1 = 0

Notice that

n n 1
2 =
n2 +1 n n
So if > 0 is given, then choose N > 1/. Then if n > N , then
n n 1
2 = <
n2 +1 n n
as desired.
2n

(b). lim n+1 =2
Suppose > 0 is given. We wish to choose N so that if n > N , then we have
2n 2(n + 1) 1 1
= |< <
n+1 n+1 n+1 n
It is clear that this inequality holds if we choose N > 1/.
(c).
If > 0, we wish to find N so that if n > N then
3n + 1 3n + 1 3n
3/2 < = 1 <
2n + 5 2n 2n 2n
1
It is clear that the above inequality holds if we choose N > 2

1
(d).
If > 0 is given, we wish to show that
n2 1 n2 1 n2

2
1/2 < 2
2 = 1/2n2 <
2n + 3 2n 2n

It is clear that the above inequality holds when we choose N > 1 .


2

Exercise 3 (11).

If > 0, then we wish to choose N so that if n > N then we have


n + 1 n 1
= < 1/n <
n(n + 1) 2
n +n

So choose N > 1/.


n
Exercise 4 (16). lim 2n! = 0
First we prove the hint, that 2n /n! 2(2/3)n2 if n 3. For the base case,
if n = 3 then we have 8/6 2(2/3). Suppose the result holds for n. Then

2(2n ) 2 2 2
(2)( )n2 (2)( )n1
(n + 1)n! n+1 3 3

Now the result follows from example 3.1.11b.

2 3.2
Exercise 5 (6).
For a, Notice that lim(2 + 1/n) = 2 + lim(1/n) = 2, so that lim(2 + 1/n)2 =
lim(2 + 1/n) lim(2 + 1/n) = 4. For b, we go back to the definition (just like in
exercise 5 of the previous section) and choose N > 1/. For c, rationalizing the
numerator we find that

n1 n1 1 1/n 1 1/n 1
= = < <
n+1 n+2 n+1 1 + 2/ n + 1/n 2/ n 1 + 2/ n

Now this last term is a quotient of two convergent sequences, the constant
sequence 1 and the sequence 1 + 2/ n. Both of these sequences converge to 1,
so their quotient converges to 1. For d, we have
n+1 1 1
= lim + lim = 0
lim
n n n n n

Exercise 6 (9). yn and nyn converge, and find their limits.

2
We have
1 1
yn = <
n+1+ n n
Which converges to 0 by definition, with N chosen to be greater than 1/2 . On
the other hand
n 1
nyn = =p
n+1+ n 1 + 1/n + 1
p
We know that 1 + 1/n converges to 1. By theorem 3.2.10, 1 + 1/n converges
to 1. So a quick application of the limit laws tells us that nyn converges to
1/2.
Exercise 7 (13).

For a, we have
1 n1/n n
so that 2
1 n1/n n1/n
By 3.1.11d, n1/n converges to 1, so by the squeeze theorem the limit in question
converges to 1. For b, notice that
2 2
1 (n!)1/n (nn )1/n = n1/n

So by the squeeze theorem, the limit is 1.


Exercise 8 (20).
The hypothesis just tells us that xn and xn yn are convergent sequences.
By the addition limit law, we see that xn (xn yn ) = yn converges as well.

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