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Structures For Architects II: ARC 460 ARC 460

The document discusses the design of concrete beams. It provides guidelines for preliminary beam depth selection to avoid deflection calculations. It also outlines code requirements for strength design, including limits on ultimate moment capacity. Failure modes are examined based on reinforcing ratio. Useful tables are provided for material properties. Two examples are worked through calculating reinforcing ratio, moment capacity, and checking required moment against capacity. The beam is determined to be safe in the second example.

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Omar Najm
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55 views

Structures For Architects II: ARC 460 ARC 460

The document discusses the design of concrete beams. It provides guidelines for preliminary beam depth selection to avoid deflection calculations. It also outlines code requirements for strength design, including limits on ultimate moment capacity. Failure modes are examined based on reinforcing ratio. Useful tables are provided for material properties. Two examples are worked through calculating reinforcing ratio, moment capacity, and checking required moment against capacity. The beam is determined to be safe in the second example.

Uploaded by

Omar Najm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Structures for Architects II

ARC 460
Lecture (11)
Design Concrete Beams (2)

Depth of Beam for Preliminary Design


The ACI code prescribes minimum values of h, height of
beam, for which deflection calculations are not required.
Minimum values of h to avoid deflection calculations
Type of
simply
one end
both ends cantilever
beam
supported continuous continuous
construction
beams or
l /16
l /18.5
l /21
l /8
joists
one way
l /20
l /24
l /28
l /10
slabs

ACI Code Requirements for Strength Design


Ultimate Strength

M u M n
Mu = Moment due to factored loads (required
ultimate moment)
Mn = Nominal moment capacity of the cross-section
using nominal dimensions and specified
material strengths.
= Strength reduction factor (Accounts for
variability in dimensions, material strengths,
approximations in strength equations.

ACI Code Requirements for Strength Design


Ultimate Strength

M u 0.9 M n

Vu 0.85Vn

Pu 0.70 Pn

Factored Load Combinations


U = 1.2 D +1.6 L Always check even if other load

types are present.

U
U
U
U
U

= 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5 (Lr or S or R)


= 1.2D + 1.6 (Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.8W)
= 1.2D + 1.6 W + 1.0L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
= 0.9 D + 1.6W +1.6H
= 0.9 D + 1.0E +1.6H

U = Required Strength to resist factored loads


D = Dead Loads
L = Live loads
W = Wind Loads
E = Earthquake Loads
H = Pressure or Weight Loads due to soil , ground
water , etc.
F = Pressure or weight Loads due to fluids with
well defined densities and controllable
maximum heights.
T = Effect of temperature, creep, shrinkage,
differential settlement, shrinkage compensating.
6

Failure Modes
As
=
bd
No Reinforcing
Brittle failure

min

200
=
fy

Reinforcing < balance


Steel yields before concrete fails
ductile failure
Reinforcing = balance
Concrete fails just as steel yields
Reinforcing > balance
Concrete fails before steel yields
Sudden failure

bal

0.85 1 f c' 87000

87000 + f
f
y
y

max = 0.75 bal

min < < max

1
1 is a factor to account for the
non-linear shape of the
compression stress block.

a = 1c

f'c

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000

0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.65
0.65

Useful Tables:

Example (1)
Concrete rectangular Beams with
d= 17.5 , b = 12 , As = 3 x #8
Fc = 4000 psi
Fy = 60000 psi
Required:
1- Check

10

Solution

As = 3 x #8

= 3x 0.79 = 2.37

11

d= 17.5 , b = 12
As = 3 x #8 = 3x 0.79 = 2.37
Fc = 4000 psi
Fy = 6000 psi
As
2.37
=
=
= 0.0113
bd 12 x17.5
bal

0.85 1 f c' 87000

87000 + f
f
y
y

f'c

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000

0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.65
0.65

87000
0.85 x 0.85 x 4000

bal =

= 0.0285
60000

87000 + 60000
200
200
min =
=
= 0.0033
0.0033<0.0133<0.0214
fy
60000
max = 0.75 bal = 0.75 x 0.0285 = 0.0214
OK

12

Assessment
Concrete rectangular Beams with
d= 25 , b = 16 , As = 3 x #10
Fc = 4000 psi
Fy = 60000 psi
Required:
1- Check

13

Flexure Equations

As
=
bd

actual
stress block

ACI equivalent
stress block

Rectangular Beam Analysis


Data:
Section dimensions b, h, d, (span)
Steel area - As
Material properties fc, fy

Required:
f y d

Strength (of beam) Moment - Mn


Required (by load) Moment Mu
Load capacity

a=

1. Find = As/bd

M n = As f y d
2

(check min< < max)

0.85 f c'b

or

0.85 f c'

M u M n

2. Find a
3. Find Mn
4. Calculate M

As f y

5. Determine max. Mu (or span)

(1.2 DL + 1.6 LL )l 2
Mu =
8

Useful Tables:

Example (2)
Concrete rectangular Beams with
d= 17.5 , b = 12 , As = 3 x #8
Fc = 4000 psi
Fy = 60000 psi
Span of Beam = 25 Feet
Beam Is simple support
DL=200Psf
LL= 400 Psf
Required:
1- Find Mu
2- Check If beam is Safe
17

Solution
As f y

2.37 x 60000
a=
=
= 3.49
'
0.85 f c b 0.85 x 4000 x12

a
3.49

M n = As f y d = 2.37 x 60000 x17.5


= 2241111
2
2

M u M n = 0.9 x 2241111 = 2017000 _ in Ib

M u 2017000 / 12 / 1000 168 _ ft K


U = 1.2 D +1.6 L = 1.2x200+1.6x400=880 Psf
Wl 2 880 x 25 2
Mu =
=
= 68 .75
8
1000 x8

Safe
18

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