By Terry Ray | Article Rating: |
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May 6, 2018 12:30 AM EDT | Reads: |
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Somebody Else's Security: Rethinking Cloud FUD
Almost every single day-I talk to people who are planning to move their organization's data to the cloud. What's more, this cloud excitement is vertical-agnostic. It's hard to find an industry that isn't thinking about cloud migration. Cisco predicts that, by 2021, 94% of global data center traffic will be processed in the cloud.
This is dramatically different from just a few years ago. Back then, if you asked an enterprise organization if they had plans to move to the cloud, it was like flipping a coin. At the time, enterprises were worried that the cloud inherently lacked security-because of the old bromide that the cloud is "somebody else's computer."
The major cloud providers listened, upping their security and compliance game while continuing to demonstrate the business agility cloud solutions could offer. Now, enterprises, on the whole, can't seem to get enough cloud.
And, for many, their security has suffered.
But their fears were staring back at them in the mirror.
There's a Hole in My AWS Bucket, Dear Liza
Consider just one example of an archetypal cloud security disaster: An IT administrator looks around his office and data center, sees all of his on-prem security solutions-database security, intrusion prevention system, anti-malware software, firewalls, physical security measures, etc.-and from there assumes that (or, at least, acts like) his cloud environment is just as secure. Consequently, he fails to build in additional security layers into the cloud environment-probably while utterly botching his security configurations.
The problem is endemic. In Amazon Web Services alone, an estimated 7% of AWS S3 buckets are configured to allow unrestricted access (which is at least down from five years ago, when that figure was nearly 16%). The list of enterprise IT organizations who had their private data publicly exposed in 2017 because of misconfigured AWS S3 buckets (whether because they did it themselves or because one of their third-party vendors put their data at risk) is long. The list includes consulting firms like Accenture, military contractors like Booz Allen Hamilton and TigerSwan, telcos like Verizon and Orange, financial institutions like Capital One, retailers like Walmart, and entertainment companies like WWE, Viacom, and the Australian Broadcast Corporation
And that's just one common way that enterprises in the cloud shoot themselves in the foot.
M&M Security in the Cloud
Now here's Part 2 of the cloud security disaster I began to describe.
Let's say, miraculously, no ill comes out of the failings of our IT administrator from the earlier example. He may even have accidentally done something right.
But now one of our lead developers looks around, sees the same things that the IT administrator did, and comes to the same conclusions as the IT administrator did about being in a "secure environment." And so, because every keystroke he can save represents precious time, our lead developer uses his recycled, easily guessable password (assuming he bothers to change the default). From there, he proceeds to upload production data (which, in a truly secure development lifecycle (SDLC), he shouldn't have access to in the first place) to the cloud. Then-completely forgetting that his code includes sensitive API keys-the developer posts said code to his GitHub repository.
Now comes an outside hacker, running a dictionary attack to get into our lead developer's GitHub repository. When the dictionary attack succeeds in a matter of seconds, the hacker gains access to our lead developer's user credentials, uses them to breach the company's AWS buckets, and holds the company's data for ransom.
This is an example of locking the door but leaving the key under the mat and having no alarm system, guard dog, or other "inner" security once the outer security of the door is breached.
Consider the tragedy of Code Spaces-a code-escrow company that publicly lauded its "well-practiced" and "proven to work" backup-recovery plan as a selling point. Code Spaces put its entire business-right down to the backups-on AWS. Then-somehow (probably in a manner not too far off from what I just described)-someone compromised or otherwise misappropriated the Code Spaces login for its AWS control panel and used the access to hold everything there for ransom. Code Spaces did not pay the money.
If you were to Google "Code Spaces" right now, you would see headlines like "Murder in the Amazon Cloud" and "Code Spaces: A Lesson In Cloud Backup." Code Spaces is out of business.
Somebody Else's Problem
All of this is to say that the cloud is indeed somebody else's computer, in the same way that an apartment is "somebody else's property." You may be renting the resources, and your "landlord" may be liable for particularized maintenance items-but you're still on the hook for losses and damages if you share your keys, leave the windows open, or leave the door unlocked.
The cloud is secure-or, at least, it can be. But a lot of cloud implementations aren't secure-because enterprises have turned the security fears of the "somebody else's computer" philosophy into a self-fulfilling prophecy. Specifically, the perception of the cloud has evolved from that of "somebody else's computer" to one of "somebody else's problem." The breaches described above were all user caused. All the cloud vendors can do is offer decent UX and training, and then cross their fingers.
4 Cloud Security Tips You Can Use
So what can you do? Here are some places to start:
Address the fundamentals. Let's start with the basics. AWS buckets are private by default. To leave an AWS bucket completely unsecured requires that the administrator do more work-suggesting that probably you have security problems far greater than the scope of this article. Ditto for those administrators and developers who never change the default login credentials-or who leave their login information exposed (whether on a sticky note on a computer monitor, or in a GitHub repository).
Monitor Everything. Let's say you hire a new administrator who inherits an IT environment. Configuration issues often go overlooked as the new administrator gets acquainted with his or her new world-especially if thorough activity monitoring hasn't been implemented. And headline-splashing cloud security issues will only continue until organizations are truly monitoring what's happening in their cloud environments at the network, API, user access and raw data layers. Your central IT department, therefore, needs to be empowered with greater visibility and monitoring solutions-particularly as they may not be aware as to which workloads have been migrated to the cloud. They also need to be able to keep track of what is connecting to that cloud environment-because for every new API or other connection that is talking to your cloud environment, you have a new potential attack vector to secure.
And most will admit that they should already be monitoring all of this activity for regulatory compliance and/or forensic purposes anyway, though most simply aren't.
Have a Cloud Config Expert. Still, you need to have people who know what they are doing in the first place. It's not enough to have a team of data scientists who can work more efficiently on a cloud-based data platform. At least one of those data scientists needs to also know how to configure and secure that cloud-based data platform.
Audit Your Providers. Cloud vendors, also need to meet all of these standards-beyond mere simplicity and accessibility. (It's 2018; most of them are already sufficiently simple and accessible by now. That's why you wanted to go to the cloud in the first place.) Technology in the cloud should be leveraged to provide the visibility and transparency to inform you who in your environment-and who in their environment-is touching which data, and when. And they need to be able to prove their compliance with whatever regulations to which you and your data are subject-beyond a mere certification that may or may not be real.
But the responsibility for checking all of this-as with all cloud-security concerns-lies with you. It may be somebody else's computer, but it's your data.
Terry Ray has served as Chief Technology Officer for Imperva since July 2017. He is responsible for developing and articulating the company's technical vision and strategy. Previously, he served as Imperva's Chief Product Strategist where he consulted directly with strategic global customers on industry best practices, threat landscape, data security implementation and industry regulations. Terry is a frequent speaker for RSA, Gartner, ISSA, OWASP, ISACA, IANS, CDM, NLIT, and other organizations worldwide. He holds a B.A. in Management Information Systems from the University of North Texas.
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Published May 6, 2018 Reads 1,066
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Terry Ray has served as Chief Technology Officer for Imperva since July 2017. He is responsible for developing and articulating the company's technical vision and strategy. Previously, he served as Imperva's Chief Product Strategist where he consulted directly with strategic global customers on industry best practices, threat landscape, data security implementation and industry regulations. Terry is a frequent speaker for RSA, Gartner, ISSA, OWASP, ISACA, IANS, CDM, NLIT, and other organizations worldwide. He holds a B.A. in Management Information Systems from the University of North Texas.
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