EXPORT ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL

CALCIUM PRIVATE LIMITED

Summer Internship Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree of
Master of Business Administration

By

KRITHIKA M

REGISTER NUMBER
2227331

Under the Guidance of

Dr Anandh Halgtti

School of Business and Management

CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore

JULY 2023
EXPORT ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL
CALCIUM PRIVATE LIMITED

Summer Internship Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree of
Master of Business Administration

By

KRITHIKA M

REGISTER NUMBER
2227331

Under the Guidance of

Dr Anandh Halgtti

School of Business and Management

CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore

JULY 2023
Declaration

I hereby declare that the Summer Intern Project report entitled "Export Analysis Associated
with GLOBAL CALCIUM PRIVATE LIMITED" has been undertaken by me for the award
of Master of Business Administration. I have completed this study under the guidance of Dr
Anandh Halgtti.

I also declare that this Summer Intern Project report has not been submitted for the award of
any Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship, or any other title in CHRIST (Deemed to be
University) or any other university.

Place: Bengaluru __________________

Date: KRITHIKA M
(2227331)

i
Certificate

This is to certify that the Summer Intern Project report submitted by Krithika M
on the title "Export Analysis Associated with GLOBAL CALCIUM PRIVATE LIMITED" is
a record of summer intern project work done by her during the academic year 2023-24 under
my guidance and supervision in partial fulfilment of their Master of Business Administration.

Place: Bengaluru ___________________

Date: Dr Anandh Halgtti

Professor
School of Business and Management
CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Bengaluru

ii
Acknowledgement
I am indebted to many people who helped me accomplish this Internship successfully.

Firstly, I thank the Vice Chancellor, Dr Fr Sony, CHRIST (Deemed to be University),

for giving me the opportunity to do my project.

I thank Dr Jain Mathew, Dean, Dr Georgy Kurien, Associate Dean; Dr Mareena

Mathew, Head of the Department and Dr Lakshmi Shankar Iyer, School of Business and
Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) for their kind support. (Main Campus).

I thank Dr Jain Mathew, Dean, Dr Jeevananda, Associate Dean, Prof. Krishna MC,
Head of the Department and Dr Lakshmi Shankar Iyer, School of Business and Management,
CHRIST (Deemed to be University), for their kind support. (Kengeri Campus).

I thank Dr Anandh Halgtti for his support and guidance during the course of my
internship. I remember him with much gratitude for his patience and motivation, but for which
I could not have submitted this work.

I wish to express my sincere thanks to my corporate mentor, Shashi Vaidya, DGM

Finance, Global Calcium Private Limited, Bangalore, for giving me an opportunity to work
under his guidance and successfully complete my internship.

I thank my parents for their blessings and constant support, without which this
internship project would not have seen the light of day.

_________________
KRITHIKA M
(2227331)

iii
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

iv
Page
Chapter TABLE OF CONTENTS
No.
No.
1-15
1
INTRODUCTION
2 INDUSTRY AND COMPANY PROFILE 16-24
3 PROJECT DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 25-37
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 38-52
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS
5
AND LEARNINGS 53-54
REFERENCES 54
APPENDIX:
 Feedback form by the corporate mentor
 Feedback from Panel Viva 55-61
 Plagiarism Report

v
FIG PAGE
NO. LIST OF CHARTS NOS.
4.1 Product Analysis 45
4.2 Therapeutic Category Distribution 46
4.3 Sales Trend Analysis 46
4.4 Sales for the year 2021 47
4.5 Sales for the year 2022 47
4.6 Quarterly Sales Trend 48
4.7 Country Trend Analysis 48
4.8 Pricing Sold vs Category 49
4.9 Region Wise Distribution of Products 49
4.10 Country Wise Preference of the Company’s Products 50
4.11 Shipment Analysis 51

vi
Executive Summary
The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and sells drugs or pharmaceuticals
used as medications that patients can take (or self-administer) to treat symptoms or disease
conditions, immunise them, or lessen their discomfort from illness, surgery, or illnesses.
The pharmaceutical industry is a vital sector focusing on pharmaceutical product research,
development, manufacturing, distribution, and marketing. Improving global public health by
developing innovative drugs, therapies, and treatments for various diseases and medical
conditions is crucial. The industry encompasses research and development (R&D), clinical
trials, regulatory compliance, manufacturing, quality control, supply chain management, sales
and marketing, pharmacovigilance, intellectual property protection, and collaborations with
healthcare providers and research organisations. The industry operates within a complex
regulatory framework to ensure pharmaceutical products' safety, quality, and efficacy. It
constantly embraces emerging technologies and innovations to enhance drug discovery,
development, personalised medicine, and patient care.

Global Calcium Private Limited is a leading manufacturer and supplier of high-quality

Calcium and other mineral salts. The company was founded in 1980 and is headquartered in
Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. It has a global customer base and exports its products to over 50
countries.

The company's product portfolio includes a wide range of calcium and mineral salts, including
calcium gluconate, calcium citrate, calcium ascorbate, calcium lactate, and calcium phosphate.
The company also manufactures a variety of premixes and finished dosage forms. It is mainly
known for nutritional supplements and customised premixes.

The company operates two state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities in Hosur and Bangalore,
India. It is known for committing to research and development. The company's R&D team is
constantly developing new products and processes to meet the needs of its customers. It also
has a strong reputation for quality and reliability. The company is a member of the International
Calcium Alliance and is ISO 9001:2015 certified.

The company is committed to sustainability and environmental responsibility and has

implemented several sustainability initiatives, including waste management, energy
conservation, and water conservation. It is also committed to continued growth and innovation.
It is currently planning to expand its product portfolio, increase its manufacturing capacity, and
expand its global footprint based on the preferences of customers and other businesses. It
employs over 500 individuals and consists of automated machines for preparing the raw
materials for exporting the dosages to other countries.

I got an opportunity to work on the export dataset and could reasonably analyse several aspects
of exports for a pharmaceutical company thoroughly.

vii
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The pharmaceutical industry is a global industry that discovers, develops, manufactures, and
markets pharmaceutical products, which are medications intended to prevent, diagnose, or treat
diseases. The industry is highly regulated, and pharmaceutical companies must comply with
strict regulations to bring their products to market.
The pharmaceutical industry is a large and growing industry. In 2021 the global pharmaceutical
market was worth an estimated $1.2 trillion.
A few factors that affect are:
 The ageing population: The global population is ageing, increasing the demand for
pharmaceutical products to treat age-related diseases.
 The rise of chronic diseases: Chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, are
becoming more common, and this is also driving the demand for pharmaceutical
products.
 Technological advances: Technological advances in the pharmaceutical industry are
leading to the development of new and innovative pharmaceutical products.
Pharmaceutical products have helped improve the lives of millions of people worldwide, and
the industry is constantly working to develop new and better ways to treat diseases.

1.2 DOMAIN DESCRIPTION:

Global Calcium is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company that manufactures and
exports active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to over 95 countries. The company strongly
focuses on quality and compliance, and its APIs are used in various prescription and over-the-
counter drugs.

The company's top export markets are the US, Europe, and Japan.

The company's API exports are driven by a few factors, including:

 A strong focus on quality and compliance: The company has a long history of
meeting or exceeding the quality standards set by global regulatory authorities. These
authorities regularly audit the company's manufacturing facilities, and it has received a
few certifications, including Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) certification from
the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
 A wide range of API products: Global Calcium manufactures a wide range of API
products, including generic APIs, nutraceutical ingredients, and custom-synthesized
APIs. This allows the company to meet the needs of a wide range of customers,
including pharmaceutical companies, generic drug manufacturers, and nutraceutical
companies.
 A robust global presence: The company has a solid global presence, with
manufacturing facilities in India, the US, and Europe. This allows the company to serve
customers worldwide and respond quickly to changes in demand.

Global Calcium is committed to continuing to grow its API exports. The company plans to
invest in new manufacturing facilities and expand its product portfolio. By doing so, it is well-
positioned to continue to be a leading exporter of APIs in the global pharmaceutical industry.

2
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Global Calcium Private Limited faces operational inefficiencies from its semi-manual export
data tracking system. Since a few departments handle the ERP system, it is prone to errors and
information mismatches that hamper the timely information of businesses. Hence, there is a
need for the company to automate the data tracking system to optimise its export business to
maintain operational efficacy. The company can assess the plans and work on the cost and data
storage minimisation.
1.4 PROJECT MOTIVATION:
The motivation behind this project is driven by the company's intention to improve its
operations and by replacing its semi-manual export data tracking system. The current method
is time-consuming and prone to errors, leading to delays and inaccuracies in customer
information. The company aims to simplify its processes, ensure accurate data, and comply
with regulations by implementing an automated data tracking system. This will result in better
customer satisfaction, improved efficiency, and increased competitiveness in the global
market.
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To enhance operational efficiency by implementing an automated data tracking
system to streamline export processes.
2. To improve the client experience by providing real-time visibility and accurate
information on orders and shipments to B2B and B2C Customers.

1.6 ANALYTICS:
Analytics refers to applying data analysis techniques to gain insights and drive informed
decision-making across various aspects of the industry. It involves using data to extract
meaningful information, identify patterns, and make predictions that can impact areas such as
research and development, manufacturing, sales and marketing, regulatory compliance, and
patient safety.
Global Calcium uses analytics in the following domain:
1. Financial analytics: The company uses financial analytics to track its financial
performance, identify trends, and make informed decisions about its business. The
company uses financial analytics to track its revenue, expenses, and profits. This
information helps the company to identify areas where it can improve its profitability.
2. Operational analytics: The company uses operational analytics to track its operations,
inventory levels, production output, and customer satisfaction and identify
inefficiencies and improve efficiency. This information helps the company to identify
areas where it can improve its operations and reduce costs.
3. Customer analytics: The company uses customer analytics to track customers, their
demographics, purchase history, and satisfaction levels and to understand their needs
and improve customer service. This information helps the company to identify ways to
improve its products and services, target its marketing campaigns, and retain its
customers.
4. Risk analytics: The company uses risk analytics to identify and assess risks, develop
mitigation strategies, and minimise losses to track its exposure to financial, operational,

3
and environmental hazards. This information helps the company identify the most
vulnerable areas and protect itself.

Global Calcium uses these analytics to improve its business performance and make
informed decisions about its future. Using analytics, the company can identify trends, track
its performance, and identify areas where it can improve. It helps them to stay ahead of the
competition and achieve their business goals.

Some of the benefits of using analytics are:

1. Improved decision-making: Analytics helps the company make better
decisions by identifying trends and areas for improvement.
2. Increased efficiency: Analytics helps the company identify inefficiencies and
reduce costs by tracking inventory levels, production output, and customer
satisfaction.
3. Improved customer service: Analytics helps improve customer service by
understanding customer preferences and needs.
4. Reduced risk: Analytics reduce risk by identifying potential risks early on and
taking steps to mitigate them.

1.7 Role of Business Analyst Intern in the Company:

As a business analyst intern at the company, the essential duties and responsibilities for
analysing data are as follows:

1. Data Collection: Gather and compile export data from various sources such as
internal databases, export reports, and relevant external databases.
2. Data Analysis: Mainly to analyse the export data to identify trends, patterns, and
insights. Use statistical methods, data visualisation tools, and software applications to
interpret the data effectively.
3. Report Generation: Prepare comprehensive reports summarising the export data
analysis findings. Present the reports to the team or relevant stakeholders, highlighting
key observations and recommendations.
4. Trend Identification: Identify and track export trends over the specified period.
Understand the factors influencing these trends and provide insights into their
implications for the company.
5. Performance Evaluation: Evaluate the performance of different export markets,
products, or regions based on the data analysis. Identify opportunities for growth and
potential areas of improvement.
6. Forecasting and Predictive Analysis: Utilize historical export data to forecast future
trends and predict potential market opportunities or challenges.
7. Industry Research: Stay updated with industry trends, regulations, and best practices
related to export activities. Incorporate relevant market insights into the analysis to
provide a holistic view.
8. Communication and Presentation: Effectively communicate complex data analysis
findings to technical and non-technical audiences. Present insights and
recommendations clearly and concisely.

4
1.8 LITERATURE REVIEW:

PAPER 1:

"Determinants of Export Success for API Manufacturers in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A

Comprehensive Analysis"

The export analysis of API in the pharmaceutical industry has been the subject of extensive
research in recent years. Researchers have investigated various factors influencing the export
performance of API manufacturers, including quality standards, cost competitiveness,
regulatory compliance, and market dynamics. Singh et al. (2018) conducted a comprehensive
study analysing the determinants of export success for API companies. Their findings
emphasised the significance of adhering to stringent quality control measures, obtaining
international certifications, and maintaining compliance with regulatory standards to enhance
API export competitiveness. Furthermore, Gupta and Kumar (2019) examined the impact of
cost competitiveness and economies of scale on the export growth of API manufacturers. Their
research highlighted the importance of efficient production processes, economies of scale, and
competitive pricing strategies in enabling API companies to penetrate international markets.
Overall, the literature suggests that ensuring high-quality standards, cost competitiveness, and
regulatory compliance are essential for API manufacturers to thrive in export markets.

PAPER 2:
"Strategies and Trends in API Export Analysis: A Comparative Study of International Presence
in the Pharmaceutical Industry"

Recent literature on the export analysis of API in the pharmaceutical industry has explored
various strategies and trends companies employ to expand their international presence. Sharma
and Verma (2020) conducted a comparative analysis of API export patterns across different
regions. Their study revealed that API manufacturers have successfully positioned themselves
as global suppliers through research and development (R&D) investments, process
optimisation, and intellectual property protection. Additionally, studies by Kumar and Agrawal
(2017) emphasised the role of strategic alliances and partnerships in driving export growth for
API manufacturers. Collaborative ventures, such as technology transfers, joint ventures, and
contract manufacturing agreements, have enabled API companies to access new markets,
leverage complementary capabilities, and enhance their global reach. Furthermore, research by
Li et al. (2021) explored the implications of changing regulatory landscapes, such as increased
scrutiny of quality and safety standards, on API export strategies. Their findings underscored
the importance of adapting to evolving regulatory requirements to maintain export
competitiveness in the API sector.
These literature reviews provide insights into the factors, strategies, and trends relevant to the
export analysis of API in the pharmaceutical industry. They highlight the significance of factors
such as quality standards, cost competitiveness, regulatory compliance, market
selection, partnerships, and adaptation to changing regulatory landscapes in
shaping the export performance of API manufacturers.

5
CHAPTER 2

PART- A INDUSTRY PROFILE

6
2(A) INDUSTRY ANALYSIS:
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
The pharmaceutical industry is a vital sector focusing on pharmaceutical product research,
development, manufacturing, distribution, and marketing. Improving global public health by
developing innovative drugs, therapies, and treatments for various diseases and medical
conditions is crucial. The industry encompasses research and development (R&D), clinical
trials, regulatory compliance, manufacturing, quality control, supply chain management, sales
and marketing, pharmacovigilance, intellectual property protection, and collaborations with
healthcare providers and research organisations. The industry operates within a complex
regulatory framework to ensure pharmaceutical products' safety, quality, and efficacy. It
constantly embraces emerging technologies and innovations to enhance drug discovery,
development, personalised medicine, and patient care.
2.2 BRIEF:
The pharmaceutical industry is a vast domain encompassing numerous pharmaceutical product
research, development, manufacturing, distribution, and marketing aspects. Its significance lies
in creating innovative drugs and therapies that improve global public health and treat various
diseases and medical conditions.
Research and development (R&D) are a crucial aspect of the pharmaceutical industry,
focusing on discovering new drugs and therapies. It involves rigorous preclinical studies to
identify drug targets and understand diseases, followed by extensive clinical trials to evaluate
safety and effectiveness in humans. These trials provide essential data on dosage, efficacy, side
effects, and interactions with other medications, shaping the future of pharmaceutical
innovation.
Manufacturing and production are critical components of the pharmaceutical industry,
responsible for the large-scale production of approved medications. This involves formulation
development, production planning, and stringent quality control measures. Adherence to Good
Manufacturing Practices (GMP) ensures consistent quality, safety, and efficacy of
pharmaceutical products, ensuring patients receive reliable and effective medications.
Quality control and assurance are essential in pharmaceutical manufacturing to maintain
medications' integrity, purity, and potency. Stringent measures are implemented, including
testing and analysis of raw materials, in-process checks, and final product analysis. These
measures ensure compliance with regulatory standards and the delivery of high-quality
pharmaceutical products to patients.
The pharmaceutical industry's complex supply chain involves sourcing raw materials,
manufacturing, packaging, storage, and distribution of medications. Effective supply chain
management is crucial for timely and reliable delivery, ensuring availability and quality. This
requires coordination, logistics, and adherence to stringent regulations to maintain supply chain
integrity and meet healthcare demands.
Sales and marketing are essential in the pharmaceutical industry, where companies develop
strategies to promote products to healthcare professionals and consumers. These strategies
focus on product positioning, market research, advertising, and educational initiatives to raise
awareness, generate demand, and ensure proper utilisation of medications.

7
Pharmacovigilance and drug safety are essential in the pharmaceutical industry to monitor
product safety, from clinical trials to post-market surveillance. Activities include data
collection, analysis, and reporting of adverse events and implementing risk management
strategies to ensure patient safety and address emerging concerns.
Intellectual property protection, mainly through patents, is crucial in the pharmaceutical
industry. Patents grant exclusive rights to pharmaceutical companies, fostering innovation,
protecting research investments, and creating a competitive environment that drives drug
discovery and development advancements.
This industry faces challenges related to market access and pricing. Balancing the need for
affordable medicines with the necessity to support innovation and research investment is a
delicate task. Market access strategies aim to ensure that patients have timely and affordable
access to essential medications, addressing disparities in healthcare provision and improving
patient outcomes.
It is one industry that constantly embraces emerging technologies and innovations to enhance
drug discovery, development, personalised medicine, and patient care. Artificial intelligence,
big data analytics, genomics, precision medicine, and digital health solutions are integrated into
various aspects of the industry, facilitating advancements in research, manufacturing processes,
patient monitoring, and treatment.
2.3 SWOT ANALYSIS:

8
Strengths:
1. Research and development capabilities: The industry invests heavily in R&D,
leading to the discovery of new drugs and therapies. Pharmaceutical companies are
constantly developing new and innovative products to treat various diseases.
2. Regulatory expertise: Pharmaceutical companies have extensive knowledge and
experience navigating complex regulatory frameworks. The pharmaceutical industry is
heavily regulated, which helps ensure product safety and efficacy.
3. Strong intellectual property portfolio: Patents protect innovative products and give
companies a competitive advantage.
4. Global reach and market presence: The pharmaceutical industry has a wide global
presence, allowing companies to access diverse markets—large and growing markets.
The global pharmaceutical market is expected to reach $1.2 trillion by 2025.
5. Strong brand recognition: Many pharmaceutical companies have strong brand
recognition, giving them a competitive advantage.

Weaknesses:
1. High research and development costs: Developing new drugs can be lengthy and
expensive without guaranteeing success.
2. Patent expirations: Pharmaceutical companies face the challenge of losing exclusivity
on their patented products, leading to generic competition.
3. Pricing pressures: Government regulations and public scrutiny can create pricing
pressures, impacting profitability.
4. Product recalls and safety concerns: Adverse events or safety issues can damage a
company's reputation and erode consumer trust.
5. Lengthy approval processes: Obtaining regulatory approvals for new drugs can take
time, delaying market entry. Government regulations can be burdensome and time-
consuming, making it difficult for pharmaceutical companies to bring new products to
market.

Opportunities:
1. Ageing population and increased healthcare spending: The global ageing
population and rising healthcare expenditures create innovative drug and treatment
opportunities.
2. Emerging markets: Expansion into developing countries presents new demands and
patient populations for pharmaceutical companies.
3. Personalized medicine: Advancements in genomics and targeted therapies offer
opportunities for tailored treatments.
4. Technological advancements: Integrating artificial intelligence and big data analytics
can drive efficiency and innovation.
5. Collaboration and partnerships: Collaborations with research institutions and
healthcare providers can foster innovation and accelerate drug development.

Threats:
1. Generic competition: Patent expirations expose pharmaceutical companies to
competition from lower-priced generic alternatives. Generic drugs, typically much
cheaper than brand-name drugs, are becoming increasingly competitive.
2. Regulatory challenges: Evolving regulations and increased scrutiny can impact
market access and increase compliance costs.
3. Counterfeit drugs: The prevalence of counterfeit pharmaceutical products poses a risk
to patient safety and can damage the industry's reputation.

9
4. Pricing and reimbursement pressures: Government price controls and
reimbursement policies can impact profitability and market access.
5. Political and economic uncertainties: Changes in government policies, trade tensions,
and economic downturns can disrupt the pharmaceutical industry's operations and
market dynamics.

2.4 IMPORTANCE OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY:

1. The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in healthcare by developing and
manufacturing medications, vaccines, and medical devices for disease prevention,
treatment, and management.

2. It drives medical innovation through significant research and development investments,

leading to drug discovery, therapies, and treatment options breakthroughs.

3. The industry significantly contributes to economic growth, creating jobs and generating
revenue through sales, taxes, and investments.

4. It plays a vital role in public health, especially during pandemics and health
emergencies, by developing vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutics to combat
infectious diseases.

5. The pharmaceutical industry operates within a highly regulated framework to ensure

medication safety, quality, and efficacy, protecting consumer health and promoting
ethical practices.

6. Collaboration with academic institutions, research organisations, and healthcare

providers facilitates knowledge sharing, scientific advancements, and evidence-based
medicine.

7. It works towards improving access to medications globally, ensuring that life-saving

drugs are affordable and available to all, particularly in developing countries.

8. The industry's efforts contribute to addressing global health challenges, reducing

healthcare disparities, and promoting health equity worldwide.

9. Pharmaceutical companies play a significant role in patient advocacy, supporting

education and awareness campaigns to empower individuals in managing their health
and well-being.

10. The industry's commitment to sustainable practices, such as reducing environmental

impact and promoting responsible manufacturing, contributes to a greener and healthier
future.

10
PART-B COMPANY PROFILE

11
2(B) COMPANY PROFILE:
2.5 ABOUT:

Global Calcium Private Limited is a leading manufacturer and supplier of high-quality

Calcium and other mineral salts. The company was founded in 1980 and is headquartered
in Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. It has a global customer base and exports its products to over
50 countries.

The company's product portfolio includes a wide range of calcium and mineral salts,
including calcium gluconate, calcium citrate, calcium ascorbate, calcium lactate, and
calcium phosphate. The company also manufactures a variety of premixes and finished
dosage forms. It is mainly known for nutritional supplements and customised premixes.

The company operates two state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities in Hosur and

Bangalore, India. It is known for committing to research and development. The company's
R&D team is constantly developing new products and processes to meet the needs of its
customers. It also has a strong reputation for quality and reliability. The company is a
member of the International Calcium Alliance and is ISO 9001:2015 certified.

The company is committed to sustainability and environmental responsibility. The

company has implemented several sustainability initiatives, including waste management,
energy conservation, and water conservation. It is also committed to continued growth and
innovation. It is currently planning to expand its product portfolio, increase its
manufacturing capacity, and expand its global footprint based on the preferences of
customers and other businesses. It employs over 500 individuals and consists of automated
machines for preparing the raw materials for exporting the dosages to other countries.

Formerly Known as Global Calcium Healthcare

Founded: 9 January 1979

Type: Private Sector Company

Industry: Pharmaceuticals

Headquarters: Global Calcium Pvt. Ltd. 1, 100 Feet Rd., Hosur 635101

12
Key Personnel:

1. Satish Ramadev Hebbar (Director)

2. Nahid Vazirally (Director)
3. Muthuraman Chandrasekar (Director)
4. Sahil Vazirally (Director)
5. Arif Vazirally (Director)

Products:

1. Calcium salts
2. Mineral supplements
3. Nutraceuticals
4. Functional food ingredients
5. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Services:

1. Custom manufacturing
2. Research and development
3. Product development
4. Quality control
5. Regulatory compliance

Revenue: INR 1,200 crore (as of 2022)

Owners:

1. Satish Ramadev Hebbar (42.86%)

2. Nahid Vazirally (28.57%)
3. Muthuraman Chandrasekar (14.29%)
4. Sahil Vazirally (14.29%)

Number of Employees: 500 (As of 2022)

Subsidiaries:

1. Global Calcium (USA) Inc

2. Global Calcium (Europe) AG
3. Global Calcium Nutraceuticals

2.6 VISION:
To be a global leader in the calcium and mineral supplements industry, known for its excellence
in research, development, and manufacturing of high-quality calcium salts and mineral
supplements. The company aspires to contribute significantly to advancing global health and
wellness by delivering innovative, cost-effective solutions.

13
2.7 CORE VALUES:
1. Excellence: Global Calcium is committed to maintaining a culture of excellence in its
operations. The company strives for continuous improvement, delivering products and
services of the highest quality and exceeding customer expectations.
2. Integrity: Global Calcium upholds the highest integrity, ethics, and transparency standards
in its business practices. It operates with honesty, fairness, and accountability, ensuring
compliance with regulations and fostering stakeholder trust.
3. Innovation: The company embraces a culture of innovation and encourages employee
creativity. Global Calcium invests in research and development to drive scientific
advancements and develop innovative solutions to meet the evolving needs of the calcium
and mineral supplements industry.
4. Customer Focus: Global Calcium places customers at the centre of its operations. The
company is committed to understanding customer requirements, delivering superior value,
and building long-term relationships based on trust, collaboration, and responsiveness.
5. Employee Empowerment: Global Calcium recognises its employees' importance and
contribution to its success. The company promotes a supportive work environment that
fosters employee growth, engagement, and empowerment, encouraging them to reach their
full potential.
6. Sustainability: Global Calcium prioritises the safety of its employees, customers, and the
environment. The company implements stringent safety measures and practices for
environmental stewardship, striving for sustainable operations and minimising its
ecological footprint.

These core values form the foundation of Global Calcium's corporate culture and guide its
decision-making processes, ensuring that the company operates with integrity, excellence, and
a focus on customer satisfaction while driving innovation and contributing to improving health
and wellness.

2.8 MISSION:

To provide high-quality calcium salts and mineral supplements that meet the needs of
consumers around the world. To do this, Global Calcium will focus on:

 Research and development of new products and technologies

 Manufacturing of high-quality products in compliance with international standards
 Distribution of products to customers around the world
 Building relationships with customers and partners

14
2.9 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES:

1. Calcium salts: Global Calcium is a leading manufacturer of calcium salts,

which are used in various applications, including dietary supplements, food
fortification, and pharmaceutical products. The company offers calcium salts,
including calcium carbonate, gluconate, and citrate.
2. Mineral supplements: Global Calcium also offers a range of mineral
supplements, including dietary supplements that provide essential minerals,
such as iron, zinc, and magnesium. The company's mineral supplements are
available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and powders.
3. Nutraceuticals: Global Calcium also offers a range of nutraceuticals, which are
dietary supplements that are intended to provide health benefits. The company's
nutraceuticals include probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants.
4. Custom manufacturing: Global Calcium also offers custom manufacturing
services to pharmaceutical companies. The company can manufacture finished
dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, and injectables.
5. Research and development: Global Calcium is committed to research and
development, and the company has a strong track record of developing
innovative new products and technologies. The company's research and
development team is focused on developing new calcium salts and mineral
supplements that are more effective and bioavailable.
This company produces the following products:
1. APIs: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients:
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are pharmaceutical chemicals that have the
intended effect on the body to cure an illness. APIs are made by uniting chemical
components.
This firm is the industry leader in India in producing active pharmaceutical ingredients
(APIs) and intermediates. The API portfolio of the firm covers a wide range of APIs, such
as:
 Speciality APIs: This firm is a market leader in producing speciality APIs.
These APIs are used to treat uncommon or difficult-to-treat diseases.
 Psychotropic & Antipsychotic APIs: These medications treat
various mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and
major depressive disorder. This firm makes a variety of psychotropic and
antipsychotic APIs.
 Ophthalmic APIs: Ophthalmic APIs provide information and functionality
related to the eye and vision. This firm produces a diverse spectrum of
ophthalmic APIs. These APIs treat various eye disorders, such as glaucoma,
cataracts, and macular degeneration.
 Oncology APIs: Oncology APIs are a type of API that provides access to
cancer-related data and functionality. This firm produces a broad spectrum
of oncology APIs.

15
2. Active Minerals:
Active minerals are those that influence the body biologically. They can be found in a variety
of pharmaceutical products, including:
 Dietary supplements: Active minerals can be added to dietary supplements
to provide essential nutrients or to help with a specific medical condition.
 Functional Foods: The functional foods created here are made using high-
quality ingredients and subjected to stringent quality control requirements.
The firm is dedicated to producing safe products that can improve people's
health and well-being.
1. Probiotics: These are live microorganisms like the good bacteria that
naturally live in the gut. Probiotics can help improve gut health, boost
the immune system, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
2. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients promoting healthy gut
bacteria growth. Prebiotics can help improve gut health, boost the
immune system, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
3. Functional beverages: These are fortified with nutrients, such as
vitamins, minerals, or probiotics. Functional drinks can help to improve
overall health and well-being.
4. Nutraceuticals: These are foods or food ingredients that have a positive
effect on health beyond essential nutrition. Nutraceuticals can prevent or
treat chronic diseases, improve athletic performance, or boost the
immune system.

3. Customized Pre-Mixes:
The company mainly produces Premixes in the following categories:
1. Nutritional Supplements:
Global Calcium Pvt Ltd specialises in the production and distribution of nutritional
supplements. They offer various products for adults, children, pregnant/lactating mothers,
diabetics, and weight management. Their accessories are tailored to support overall health
and well-being, growth and development, increased nutrient requirements, blood sugar
management, and weight loss/maintenance.
2. Milk & Milk Products Fortification:
The company is famous in milk and milk product fortification, offering Dairy Cal, Vitamin
AD premix, and Vitamin ADE premix solutions. Dairy Cal enhances the calcium content
of dairy products, while the premixes fortify them with essential vitamins like A, D, and E.
These fortification solutions help improve the nutritional value of milk and milk-based
products, supporting bone health, immune function, vision, and overall well-being. Proper
guidelines and expert consultation should be followed for appropriate fortification
practices.

16
3. Wheat Flour/ Maize Flour Fortification:
The company provides wheat flour fortification solutions, including micronutrient
premixes for biscuits, bread, and noodles. These premixes are specifically designed to
enhance the nutritional content of these food products by adding essential micronutrients.
The fortification process helps address micronutrient deficiencies and promotes better
health and well-being. Global Calcium's premixes ensure accurate and standardised
nutrient levels, contributing to the overall nutritional quality of wheat flour and maise flour-
based products. Following recommended fortification guidelines and consulting with
experts is essential for effective and safe fortification practices.
4. Beverage Applications:
The company provides beverage solutions for electrolytes, energy, fruit juices, and other
herbal drinks. Their expertise lies in delivering essential nutrients and fortifying these
beverages to enhance their nutritional value. Their fortification solutions ensure accurate
and standardised nutrient levels in these beverages. Global Calcium Health and Wellness
provides fortified beverage options supporting hydration, energy levels, and overall well-
being. Following recommended fortification guidelines and consulting with experts is
crucial for effective and safe fortification practices in beverage applications.
5. Edible oil Fortification:
Global Calcium Pvt Ltd specialises in edible oil fortification, offering Vitamin A, Vitamin
D, and Vitamin E premixes for this purpose. These premixes are designed to enhance the
nutritional value of edible oils by fortifying them with these essential vitamins. Edible oil
fortification helps address micronutrient deficiencies and supports optimal health and well-
being. Global Calcium's premixes ensure accurate and standardised nutrient levels in the
fortified oils. Following recommended fortification guidelines and consulting with experts
is essential for effective and safe fortification practices in edible oil applications.
6. Chocolate & Confectionary Applications:
Global Calcium Pvt Ltd offers solutions for chocolate and confectionery applications. Their
expertise lies in providing specialised ingredients and fortification solutions for enhancing
the nutritional content of chocolates and confectionery products. These solutions may
include fortification with essential vitamins, minerals, or other beneficial nutrients. Global
Calcium aims to offer fortified chocolate and confectionery options that promote
indulgence and nutrition. Following recommended fortification guidelines and consulting
experts is crucial for effective and safe fortification practices in chocolate and
confectionery applications.
7. Pharmaceutical Applications:
Global Calcium Pvt Ltd caters to pharmaceutical applications by providing multivitamins
and multi-mineral tablets. These tablets are formulated to deliver a comprehensive blend
of essential vitamins and minerals in precise ratios. The company focuses on ensuring the
highest quality standards and optimal bioavailability of nutrients in its pharmaceutical
products. Global Calcium's multivitamin and multi-mineral tablets support overall health
and well-being, filling potential nutritional gaps. Adhering to regulatory guidelines and

17
consulting with healthcare professionals is essential for these pharmaceutical products' safe
and effective use.
8. Mineral- Amino Acid Chelate:
Global Calcium Pvt Ltd specialises in mineral-amino acid chelate products, including iron
(Fe), Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) chelates. These
chelates are formulated to enhance mineral absorption and bioavailability, improving their
efficacy in the body. Global Calcium's mineral-amino acid chelates are designed to support
various aspects of health, such as iron for healthy blood, Calcium for strong bones, and zinc
for immune function. These chelates provide a reliable and efficient way to supplement
these essential minerals. Following recommended usage guidelines and consulting
healthcare professionals is vital for optimal results.
9. Specialty Nutrient Premix:
Global Calcium Pvt Ltd offers speciality nutrient premixes, including inositol, taurine,
carnitine, and other beneficial compounds. These premixes are carefully formulated to
provide targeted nutritional support for specific health concerns or requirements. Inositol
supports mood and cognitive health, taurine promotes cardiovascular health and energy
metabolism, and carnitine assists in fat metabolism. Global Calcium's speciality nutrient
premixes provide a convenient and effective way to incorporate these specialised nutrients
into various products. Adhering to recommended usage guidelines and consulting with
healthcare professionals is essential for optimising these speciality nutrient premixes.
The study was conducted to assess the API exports from Global Calcium Pvt Ltd to foreign
countries in 2021-22.

PRODUCT/SERVICE DESCRIPTION
Generic APIs Active ingredients in prescription drugs
Custom Synthesis Manufacturing of APIs to the specifications of big pharma
companies.
Nutraceuticals Dietary supplements that are intended to provide health
benefits.
Contract Manufacturing Manufacturing of finished dosage forms for pharmaceutical
companies.

2.10 LOCATION OF PLANTS:

1. Hosur, India: The company's headquarters and main manufacturing plant. It is

in the Hosur Industrial Estate in the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. The
plant can produce 20,000 metric tons of calcium salts and mineral supplements
annually.

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Source: https://www.globalcalcium.com/page/location

2. United States: The company's US manufacturing plant is in Mount Morris,

Illinois. The plant can produce 10,000 metric tons of calcium salts and mineral
supplements annually.

Global Calcium Pvt Ltd. Also plans to build a new manufacturing plant in China soon.

2.11 AWARDS AND ACCREDITATIONS:

Global Calcium Pvt Ltd has received around 50 awards and accolades for its excellence and
contributions to the pharmaceutical industry. Some of the notable awards are:

1. Superbrand India 2022: This award is given by the Superbrands Council to companies
that have demonstrated excellence in branding and marketing. Global Calcium Pvt. Ltd.
was awarded the Superbrand India 2022 award for its strong brand presence and
innovative marketing campaigns.

2. Frost & Sullivan India Excellence in Manufacturing Award 2021: This award is
given by Frost & Sullivan to companies that have demonstrated excellence in
manufacturing practices. Global Calcium Pvt. Ltd. was awarded the Frost & Sullivan
India Excellence in Manufacturing Award 2021 for its high-quality manufacturing
standards and commitment to continuous improvement.
3. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2015 Certification:
Global Calcium Pvt. Ltd. is certified to the ISO 9001:2015 standard, the international
standard for quality management systems. This certification demonstrates the
company's commitment to quality and its ability to meet the requirements of its
customers.

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4. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Certification: Global Calcium Pvt. Ltd. is
certified to the GMP standard, the international standard for pharmaceutical
manufacturing. This certification demonstrates the company's ability to manufacture
products that meet the highest quality standards.

5. World Economic Forum Global Lighthouse Network: Global Calcium Pvt. Ltd. is
a member of the World Economic Forum Global Lighthouse Network, a network of
leading manufacturing companies committed to digital transformation. The company's
membership in the Global Lighthouse Network demonstrates its commitment to
innovation and its use of technology to improve its manufacturing processes.

These are some of the notable awards that Global Calcium has received.

20
CHAPTER 3
PROJECT DESIGN AND
METHODOLOGY

21
3.1 AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The internship project in this company was mainly done on the topic "EXPORT
ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL CALCIUM PRIVATE LIMITED" The project commenced
on 17th May and ended on 7th July 2023. I was required to update the corporate mentor
regularly and submit my reports and analysis. I started the project by understanding the
data provided and how it can be categorised and used by the management.

3.2 DATA COLLECTION:

3.2.1 Primary Data:

Primary data refers to information collected firsthand from sources for a specific
research purpose or analysis. Data is gathered directly from individuals, organisations,
or entities through surveys, interviews, observations, or experiments.
Since the company directly provided the export data, it was used for analyses and
preparing reports for the company individually by me.

3.2.2 Export Dataset:

The export dataset provided by Global Calcium Pvt Ltd encompasses the period of
2021-22 and includes essential information about their pharmaceutical products. It
consists of details such as the product names, therapeutic categories, shipment
quantities in kilograms, shipment modes, item rates in Indian Rupees (INR), FOB
values in INR, foreign company names, foreign ports, and foreign countries. This
dataset was valuable as we gained insights into export activities, facilitating analysis
and decision-making in market trends, product demand, and global reach.

3.3 Standardization of the Export Dataset:

The dataset consists of Export orders from various countries across the Globe. Hence, proper
standardisation is vital before proceeding further.
3.4 Removal of Unnecessary Columns:
The dataset contained the CUSH (Controlled Substances), which were necessary to be assessed
before exporting and HS Code (Harmonized System Code), which is a six-digit code that is
used to classify goods for international trade, IEC (Import Export Code) is a unique 10-digit
alpha-numeric code that is issued to allow an Indian entity to import or export goods.
Since the compliance and finance departments were also involved, these columns seemed
irrelevant for export analysis.
3.5 Imputing the Missing Values:
Only some columns have complete data provided; hence it becomes necessary to impute the
data. Assigning missing values is a valuable technique that can help improve the analyses'
accuracy and performance.

22
3.6 Fixing the Spellings and Minor Data Entry Errors:
Since the data is compiled from different book records, it is prone to minor spelling errors,
which need to be corrected before further analysis of the dataset as it can hamper the overall
results.
3.7 DATA DICTIONARY:
Sl No Column Name Description

1 DATE This column contains the exact date from 2021-22 the exports were
made.

2 PRODUCT NAME This column contains the name of the pharmaceutical product
3 THERAPEUTIC This column indicates the therapeutic classification of the
CATEGORY pharmaceutical products. It represents the area of the specific medical
treatment and the type of condition it intends to address.

4 QUANTITY This column represents the quantity of the exported pharmaceutical

products, measured in kilograms (KGS). It denotes the amount or
volume of the products shipped.
5 MODE OF SHIPMENT This column specifies the mode or method of transportation used for
shipping pharmaceutical products. It could include air, sea, road, or rail
modes.
6 ITEM RATE This column contains the rate or price of pharmaceutical products in
Indian Rupees (INR). It represents the cost or value assigned to the
products.
7 CURRENCY This column indicates the currency in which the item rate is quoted,
typically denoted by a currency code.
8 FOB This column represents the Freight on Board (FOB) value of the
pharmaceutical products in Indian Rupees. FOB value refers to the
value of goods at the point of shipment, excluding transportation and
insurance costs.
9 FOREIGN COMPANY This column contains the name of the foreign company to which the
pharmaceutical products are being exported.

10 PORT This column specifies the port or location outside India where the
pharmaceutical products are shipped.
11 FOREIGN COUNTRY This column indicates the foreign country to which the pharmaceutical
products are being exported.

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3.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE INTERNSHIP:

1. The data collected was limited; many factors needed to be discovered for
assessing the exports.
2. Due to the company's strong confidentiality policies, interns could not examine
the company's reports.
3. The internship only lasted eight weeks, which needed to be longer to
comprehend how the company operated.

3.9 METHODOLOGY:
CRISP DM FRAMEWORK:

Source: https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/learn-data-science-using-crisp-dm-framework-
473960b2da90
CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) model is a widely recognised
and accepted methodology for conducting data mining and analytics projects. It provides a
systematic and structured approach to guide practitioners through the entire lifecycle of a data
mining project, from initial understanding to deployment.
The CRISP-DM model promotes a flexible and iterative workflow, allowing for adjustments
and iterations as new insights and requirements emerge. It emphasises the importance of
understanding the business context, aligning project goals with organisational objectives, and
ensuring the quality and relevance of the data being analysed.
The model encompasses several fundamental principles:
1. Iterative and cyclical process: The CRISP-DM model acknowledges that data mining
projects often require iterations and feedback loops. Results from one phase can
influence earlier grades, and the process may cycle back to previous stages for
refinements and improvements.

24
2. Focus on business understanding: The model emphasises the need to clearly
understand the business objectives and requirements before delving into data analysis.
This ensures the data mining project aligns with the organisation's strategic goals.
3. Data-centric approach: CRISP-DM recognises the critical role of data in the success
of a project. It emphasises the understanding, exploration, and preparation of data to
ensure its quality, relevance, and suitability for analysis.
4. Flexibility and adaptability: The model help accommodates different types of
projects, data, and analytical techniques. It allows for customisation based on the
specific needs and constraints of the task at hand.

By following the CRISP-DM model, we, as students, can systematically progress through the
various stages of a data mining project, ensuring that it is well-defined, data-driven, and aligned
with the business objectives. This structured approach promotes effective decision-making,
enhances project transparency, and increases the chances of successful outcomes in data mining
and analytics initiatives.
Global Calcium, a leading pharmaceutical company specialising in API (Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients) and Active Minerals, recognise the need to leverage data analytics
and insights to drive informed decision-making and optimise export processes. The CRISP-
DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) model can be used as a widely
recognised framework for guiding data mining and analysis projects. CRISP-DM framework
can enable the company to gain insights and improve its export operations.

1. Business Understanding:
The Business Understanding phase is an essential step in the CRISP-DM process. It helps to
ensure that the project is aligned with the business goals.
a. Domain understanding: Global Calcium is a pharmaceutical company that
manufactures and exports active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates.
Their clients are typically pharmaceutical companies and distributors in the global
market.
b. Client requirements: The company may need to export their data for varied purposes:
o Sharing data with regulatory agencies
o Tracking product shipments
o Analysing production data
c. Data management: Companies can manage their clients' data to export it effectively.
This includes understanding the data formats, storage locations, and security
requirements.
d. Competitors and limitations: The company's competitors include other
pharmaceutical companies that export APIs and intermediates. These companies may
have different strengths and weaknesses; hence Global Calcium needs to understand its
competitors to position itself as a leader in the market.
e. Factors to consider: When exporting data for B2B business, several factors need to be
considered, such as:
o Data format
o Data security requirements
o Data storage location
o Data transfer speed
f. Analysis and interpretation: Once the data is exported, it needs to be analysed and
interpreted to provide insights to the client. This may involve using data visualisation
tools, statistical analysis, or machine learning algorithms.

25
Business understanding is an integral part of the data export process. The company can provide
high-quality services by understanding the domain, client requirements, data management,
competitors, and limitations.

2. Data Understanding:
a. Data sources: The company's data analyst directly provided the data from the
internal data systems.
b. Data types: The data provided for the export data was structured.
c. Data quality: The data provided by the company must be of high quality to be
helpful. This means the data must be accurate, complete, and consistent.
d. Data analysis: Once the data is collected and cleaned, it must be analysed to
extract insights. This can be done using various data analysis techniques, such
as statistical analysis and visualisation.
e. Data interpretation: The insights from the data analysis must be interpreted to
provide value to the business. This can be done by identifying data trends,
patterns, and relationships.
By understanding the data sources, data types, data quality, data analysis, and data
interpretation, the company can provide their clients with a high-quality data export service.

3. Data Preparation:
a. Data cleaning: The data cleaning process involves the following steps:
o Identifying and correcting errors in the data
o Removing duplicate data
o Filling in missing data
o Formatting the data in a consistent manner
b. Data manipulation: The data manipulation process involves the following
steps:
o Creating calculated columns
o Grouping and aggregating data
o Joining data from different sources
c. Data validation: The data validation process includes:
o Checking the data for accuracy
o Checking the data for completeness
o Checking the data for consistency
By cleaning, manipulating, and validating the data, Global Calcium can ensure that the data is
ready for analysis and export.

4. Modelling:
a. Data modelling: The data modelling process involves the following steps:
 Identifying the critical business questions that need to be answered
 Identifying the data that needs to be analysed to answer those questions
 Creating a data model that represents the relationships between the data
b. Data analysis: The data analysis process involves:
 Applying statistical and machine learning techniques to the data
 Identifying trends, patterns, and relationships in the data
 Concluding the data
c. Data visualisation:
 Creating charts, graphs, and other visual representations of the data
 Communicating the insights from the data to the business
stakeholders
26
By creating a data model and analysing the data, Global Calcium can gain insights that can be
used to improve the business.

5. Deployment:
a. Data deployment:
 Making the data available to the business stakeholders
 Training the business stakeholders on how to use the data
 Integrating the data with the business's existing systems
b. Data monitoring: The data monitoring process involves:
 Tracking the usage of the data
 Identifying any problems with the data
 Adjusting the data as needed
Global Calcium can ensure that the data is used to improve the business by deploying the data
to the business stakeholders.

3.10 TOOLS USED:

 Python
 SQL
 Microsoft Excel
 Power BI
 Tableau

27
CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS &

INTERPRETATION

28
4.1 PHASES OF DATA ANALYSIS:
When it comes to Data Analysis and Interpretation, there are mainly 5 Phases/steps that follow.
They are:
1. Data Preparation: This phase involves gathering and organising the
data for analysis. It includes data collection, cleaning, integration (if
multiple sources are involved), transformation, and reduction (if
necessary).
2. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): In this phase, the data is explored
to gain initial insights and understand its characteristics. Descriptive
statistics, data visualisation techniques, and summary measures are often
used to examine the data and identify patterns, distributions, outliers,
and relationships between variables.
3. Data Modelling: In this phase, statistical or machine learning models
are constructed to analyse the data. The choice of models depends on the
nature of the data and the research question. This step may involve
regression analysis, clustering, classification, time series analysis, or
other advanced statistical or machine learning methods.
4. Data Interpretation: The interpretation phase begins once the models
are applied and results are obtained. This involves analysing the output
of the models, evaluating the statistical significance and validity of the
findings, and relating them to the original research question or problem
statement. Interpretation often includes examining coefficients, p-
values, confidence intervals, and other statistical measures to draw
meaningful conclusions.
5. Results: The final phase involves presenting the analysis results clearly
and concisely. This can include written reports, visualisations,
presentations, or interactive dashboards. The communication should be
tailored to the audience, ensuring the findings are understandable and
actionable.
We can see that analysis and understanding are crucial for interpreting the results for each
phase.
We can further categorise the phases into 11 Steps:
1st STEP: Importing the Libraries:
Importing the necessary libraries is essential because it allows us to access and utilise pre-built
functions, classes, and modules that provide specific functionality for data analysis and
modelling tasks. These libraries efficiently implement various algorithms, data structures, and
tools that help streamline development and simplify complex operations. By importing these
libraries, we can leverage their capabilities to perform tasks like data manipulation,
preprocessing, model training, evaluation, and visualisation, saving time and effort compared
to implementing everything from scratch.

29
2nd STEP: Loading the dataset:
Loading the dataset allows us to perform various data preprocessing tasks, such as cleaning,
transforming, and analysing the data. It also enables us to split the data into training and testing
sets and build predictive models using machine learning algorithms. The loaded dataset is the
foundation for further data exploration, visualisation, and modelling tasks.

3rd STEP: Data Pre-Processing:

Data preprocessing is an essential step in the data analysis pipeline. It helps to prepare the data
in a suitable format for analysis and modelling.
1. Contents of the Dataset:
In this step, we perform data pre-processing tasks on the dataset.
It displays the contents, retrieves the dataset's column names, and provides an overview of the
dataset, including information about the data types and the number of non-null values in each
column; we also determine the number of rows and columns for the dataset.

30
2. Data Cleaning:
This is necessary to ensure the data is high quality and suitable for analysis. First, we drop rows
with missing values to remove any rows that have missing values. Then, we remove duplicates
to eliminate duplicate rows from the dataset. Then, we update the deals by sorting the dataset
based on the 'Date' column in ascending order and then displaying the cleaned and sorted
dataset: to view the resulting Data Frame after performing the data cleaning operations.

31
4th STEP: Splitting the Data:
Splitting the data into input features (X) and the target variable (y) is crucial in machine
learning tasks.
1. Input features (X): The independent variables or attributes predict the target variable.
These features provide the necessary information for making predictions.
2. Target variable (y): We want to predict or model this dependent variable. The target
variable represents the output or the value we want to estimate or forecast.
We can train a machine learning model using the input features and their corresponding target
values by splitting the data into input features and the target variable. This allows the model to
learn the patterns and relationships between the elements and the target, enabling it to make
predictions on new, unseen data.

5th Step: Training and Testing the Data:

This step will allow us to evaluate your model's performance on unseen data. By performing a
train-test split, we can assess the model's performance, ensure its generalisation capabilities,
and optimise its hyperparameters to build a reliable and accurate predictive model.

32
6th Step: Dimensionality Reduction
Dimensionality reduction techniques improve model performance, reduce computational
complexity, address multicollinearity, and enhance interpretability. They help focus on the
most relevant features and simplify the model without sacrificing predictive accuracy.

7th Step: Model Training:

This step is essential as it trains the model on the training data, allowing it to learn the
underlying patterns and relationships in the data. It also evaluates the model's performance on
the test set, providing an estimate of its predictive accuracy.

33
8th Step: Model Evaluation:
We evaluate the trained model's performance on the testing data using appropriate evaluation
metrics such as accuracy, precision and mean squared error. This is mainly done to assess the
performance of the built model using the right evaluation metrics.

34
9th Step: Model Fine-Tuning:
Model fine-tuning is done to maximise our model's predictive accuracy and generalisation
capability, ensuring it performs.

10th Step: Model Prediction:

Once we are satisfied with the model's performance, we can deploy it to make predictions on
new, unseen data. We are using the trained model to make predictions on new input features.

35
11th Step: Model Monitoring/ Improvement:

In this phase, we evaluate the model and see if we can enhance the model.

4.2 CHART ANALYSIS:

PROJECT 1: SALES TREND ANALYSIS:

4.2.1 PRODUCT TREND ANALYSIS: This was mainly done to

understand the sales of each product consisting of over 360 APIs
and analyse the ones that require more marketing.

FIG 4.1 PRODUCT ANALYSIS

36
We can understand from the diagram that Specialty APIs are mainly a preferred product of the
company, followed by Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammation Drugs, hence removed these 2 to
understand the other products’ export quantity as it is more like outliers compared to different
categories.

FIG 4.2 THERAPEUTIC CATEGORY DISTRIBUTION

4.2.2 SALES TREND ANALYSIS: This analysis was mainly done to

understand the company’s revenue and no. of units sold to
analyse the performance over a period.

FIG 4.3 SALES TREND ANALYSIS

37
From this, we can understand that the sales were high in September for the overall exports from
2021-22. From the above bar chart, we can only see the month-wise distribution. In
comparison, we can understand the distribution of the sales done year-wise in 2021 and 2022
separately to analyse the trends.

FIG 4.4 SALES FOR THE YEAR 2021

If we see the graph above, we can understand that due to the Lockdown, the exports have
exponentially declined post-March, which has impacted the shipment drastically, leading to a
loss in revenue and regular operations of the firm. This portrays that the regions play a
significant role in exporting due to government policies and regulations.

FIG 4.5 SALES FOR THE YEAR 2022

38
Due to the lockdown, there has been very little to no exports. We can also see that the sales in
September have been highest since there was a slight restriction ease with the shipments
through sea mode. Hence we can see that the exports through the various methods were at a
standstill & lately they were exported in that month.

The following diagram portrays the sales over the two years from the provided data.

FIG 4.6 SALES TREND QUARTERLY

The overall trend shows that the total quantity exported has increased over time, with the most
significant increase in the most recent quarter (July 2022). This suggests that the company is
experiencing growing demand for its products in export markets.

4.2.3 COUNTRY TREND ANALYSIS: This analysis was mainly

done to identify the exports from India to other countries to
understand the promising markets and future scope for the
company.

FIG 4.7 COUNTRY TREND ANALYSIS

We can understand that most of the sales happen in the USA and China, while Africa is one
untapped country the company can focus on due to its location.

4.2.4 SEASONAL TREND ANALYSIS: This is done mainly to

identify the sales that vary throughout the year to understand the

39
deals that affect the company based on the products exported
yearly analysis in a monthly fashion.

4.2.5 PRICING TREND ANALYSIS: This analysis is done mainly

to understand the sales of active minerals, API and nutritional
supplements and helps determine the prices over a period based
on sales.

FIG 4.8 PRICING SOLD VS CATEGORY

PROJECT 2: PRODUCT ANALYSIS:

4.2.6 PRODUCT ANALYSIS: This analysis is mainly done based on

the number of units sold product-wise to the revenue that can be
used to identify the most demanded products.

FIG 4.9 REGION-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRODUCTS

4.2.7 CUSTOMER PREFERENCE ANALYSIS: This is mainly

done to identify the preferences of the target audience through
the various regions due to the company’s production of
customised pre-mixes to its customers while the natural

40
ingredients and APIs are provided to the other companies based
on their preferences.

4.2.8 DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL ANALYSIS: This is mainly

done to understand how the products can be exported, the
distribution of pharmaceutical ingredients for utilising the
resources with minimal distribution cost and determining the
practical route.

PROJECT 3: MARKET ANALYSIS:

4.2.9 MARKET TRENDS ANALYSIS: Since this firm is Asia’s

leading pharmaceutical company, Calcium and Speciality APIs
are the most sold products from the firm. By understanding the
supplement's consumption region-wise and season-wise, the
company can export ingredients accordingly.

4.2.10 MARKET COMPETITION ANALYSIS: Based on the

company’s annual reports, the market sales of competitors to the
company’s sales that the company makes were compared to
understand and improve the target market.

FIG 4.10 COUNTRY WISE PREFERENCE OF THE COMPANY’S PRODUCTS

This graph shows that the USA has the highest exports followed by South Korea and China,
Germany being the second most exported country.

When the company can expand its markets, it will be progressive and more untapped countries
can be explored by analysing their regional preferences accordingly.

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PROJECT 4: SHIPMENT ANALYSIS:

4.2.11 SHIPMENT TREND ANALYSIS: Based on the shipping cost

and volume sold over time for the products, the shipment analysis
was done country-wise and product-wise to cater to the
customers' preferences.

FIG 4.11 SHIPMENT ANALYSIS

We can understand that Special Economic Zones have the most exports of the products
region-wise post-Covid due to the strict regulations that were to be abided by the government
policies.

PROJECT 5: CUSTOMER ANALYSIS:

4.2.12 CUSTOMER / BUSINESS ANALYSIS: This is mainly done

to understand the customers' preferences to enhance sales and
provide the best quality products involving minimum costs
based on ingredients to be sold to companies and supplements
sold to customers.

FIG 4.12 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS OF THE FIRM

42
We can understand that most sales have happened in the parts of USA and Canada compared
to the other regions of the World. Hence, they can explore new markets with new ingredients
production that will cater to the needs of that region seasonally through thorough research
and by understanding the demand and sales gap prevalent in that country.

43
CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

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5.1 FINDINGS:

1. We can see that the company has increased its sales over the years and depended on the
season for exporting based on the needs of that region.
2. Specialty API was the selling product of all time since it was customised for that intent.
3. Each product’s Price was determined based on production and availability.
4. The company primarily started the SEZ concept recently, despite that it has been able
to pull off maximum sales through this and followed by ICD, which would be more
cost-effective.
5. We can also find that the USA is the potential and most exported country for our
company to sell its products, especially in the active minerals’ forum.
6. Each company imported from us was used for analysis to understand the pricing and
fix an effective one.
7. Based on the previous exports, the understanding was made on the potential markets to
target further.
8. Better understanding of sales and how the season impacts businesses were analysed and
reported to the firm.
9. Among the 10 Therapeutic Categories: Speciality APIs are mostly preferred
10. Shipment Modes are vital for exports: SEZs are significant influencers
11. Africa has more potential if the company caters to their needs as it is an untapped
market.

5.2 LEARNINGS:
1. Gained experience in interacting with Product Manager (Mr Deepak), Operations
Team Head (Ms Vijayalakskshmi Sharma), and Finance Manager (Mr Shashi
Vaidya), to name a few.
2. Weekly presentation on each project was made in the Board Meeting Room along
with each report submission.
3. Understood the intricacies of having an ERP System and how to update them using
SQL and Python.
4. Understood the working of a few departments in the firm:
1. Order Processing System
2. Order Tracking System
3. CRM System

REFERENCES:

 Calcium, G. (n.d.). Global Calcium – Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Manufacturer | India.

Global Calcium.

 Global Calcium. (n.d.). GLOBAL CALCIUM DMF, CEP, Written Confirmations, FDF, Prices,

Patents, Patents & Exclusivities, Dossier, Manufacturer, Licensing, Distributer, suppliers, News,

GMP. PharmaCompass.com. https://www.pharmacompass.com/api-manufacturers/global-calcium

 PHARMACEUTICALS EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL OF INDIA. (n.d.).

https://pharmexcil.com

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APPENDIX:

I. SIMILARITY INDEX REPORT:

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II. FEEDBACK FORM FROM CORPORATE MENTOR:

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III. FEEDBACK FORM FROM SBM MENTOR:

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IV. FEEDBACK FORM FROM VIVA PANEL MEMBER:

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V. LIST OF ONLINE COURSES COMPLETED ON TOPICS
RELATED TO SIP:

51