A Practical Guide to Java Remote Debugging
By Eugen Paraschiv

Introduction to Debugging
Troubleshooting a problem on a remote server, especially in production, is not an easy task. Sometimes it involves debugging the application code directly on the server.

But the production servers are usually run in a strict environment, where not all convenient developer tools are available.

In this article, you'll discover how to configure a running web server and debug your application using standard facilities provided by the Java platform.

Caveats
First off, if you try to connect to a remote running Java server which you did not specifically configure for debugging, you'd most likely fail. This means that the configuration steps should be taken in advance.

On the other hand, you wouldn't want to always keep the production server running with debugging configuration enabled, as it could affect the performance, and definitely weaken security.

The debugging mode slows down the server since it disables some JVM optimizations that otherwise provide the significant performance boost.

Also, the debugging mode can be a potential security risk. You need to provide the debugger with the access to the server via a specific port which would be another potential security hole for bad actors.

Java Configuration for Remote Debugging
Java Platform Debugging Architecture (JPDA) is an extensible set of APIs, part of which is a special debugging protocol called JDWP (Java Debug Wire Protocol).

JDWP is a protocol for communication between the application and the debugger processes, which can be used to troubleshoot a running Java application remotely.

To configure the remote application for debugging, you have to enable the debug mode and specify the parameters for this protocol.

Enabling the Debug Mode
To run a regular serverless Java class Test with debugging enabled in the Oracle HotSpot JVM, you need to use the following command:

java -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket, address=8000,server=y,suspend=y Test

As you can see, you basically need only two JVM options: -Xdebug and -Xrunjdwp. Note that these are X-arguments, which means that they are not standardized and may not work as expected in other JVM implementations.

The -Xdebug argument enables the debugging itself, and the -Xrunjdwp argument configures the JDWP protocol with several important parameters.

Transport for Debugging
The transport parameter of the -Xrunjdwp argument defines the means of interaction between the application and the debugger. It has two values available out-of-the-box: dt_socket (using a socket interface) and dt_shmem (using shared memory).

The dt_shmem value means that the debugger and the application will interact via a shared memory region. Thus, it can only be used when running the debugger and the application on the same machine.

Since you're intending to debug a remote server, this won't help you much, so the shared memory mode won't be discussed here.

And, thanks to the extensibility of JPDA, you can also write your own transport implementation, if these two do not suit your needs.

Connectors
Another abstraction of JPDA is the connector. The connector defines exactly how the debugger connects to the remote virtual machine. As you can imagine, connectors depend on the transport you choose, but they offer many other interesting features.

For example, usually, you'd want to connect to an existing process that waits for the debugger. But sometimes it could be useful to invert the client-server relation.

You can configure a connector to keep the debugger running as a server and wait for the connection from the debugged machine, which would in this case act as a client.

Other connectors allow you to "connect" to a core dump of a crashed application or launch the debugged VM from the command line. Again, you can write your own connector for any special case. But we won't discuss these advanced scenarios here.

In this simple example, you just use a Socket Attaching Connector, which is enabled by default when the dt_socket transport is configured and the VM is running in the server debugging mode.

Other Parameters of the Debugging Mode
The server parameter of the -Xrunjdwp argument specifies that this VM will act as a server for the debugging, and the debugger itself would have to connect to it as a client.

The suspend parameter of the -Xrunjdwp argument specifies whether you want to suspend the debugged JVM until the debugger attaches to it.

By default, the suspend parameter has the value "y", which means that the virtual machine would be suspended before it had the opportunity to load the main class, and the attached debugger would resume the execution of the VM.

Since you usually need the web server to boot properly before you can debug your application, you should set the suspend parameter to "n". However, if you need to debug some initialization code of the application, then you should keep the value of this parameter to "y".

You also have to specify the address parameter to set the TCP port on which your debugged application would be listening for a debugger. Once a debugger attaches to this port, debugging starts. In your case, this port is 8000, but you can set it to any other value you like.

Server Setup
To check out how remote debugging works, you can use the Apache Tomcat 8 web server. Any other web or enterprise Java server can be set up for debugging with the same parameters, although they may be configured in different ways.

For Tomcat, the catalina script already contains all the default debugging configuration values that were discussed in the previous chapter, as described in the Tomcat wiki. To enable them, run the script with the jpda argument:

catalina jpda start

The specific parameters of the JDWP protocol are controlled with the following environment variables:

• JPDA_TRANSPORT - the transport mode
• JPDA_ADDRESS - the port for the debugging server
• JPDA_SUSPEND - the suspend value ("n" by default)
• JPDA_OPTS - completely replaces all of the above with a custom string

Deploying Sample Project
To demonstrate the debugging, you'll create a simple Spring Boot application with a REST endpoint. You'll need to specify packaging as a war file to be able to deploy it to the server. Also, the spring-boot-starter-tomcat dependency should be specified with the provided scope:

<packaging>war</packaging>

<dependencies>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

</dependencies>

Let's also specify the name of the resulting war file and a Maven plugin to build it:

<build>
<finalName>remote-debugging</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

A simple hello world controller will provide a web service endpoint - with a single parameter:

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController("/hello")
public class HelloController {

@GetMapping
public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
String message = "Hello, " + name;
return message;
}
}

Here's how you build the application:

mvn clean package

And then simply copy the resulting file target/remote-debugging.war to the tomcat/webapps directory. When deployed to your server as a war file, this application can be accessed by the following URL: http://localhost:8080/remote-debugging/hello?name=John

If all went well, you now have a debuggable server with the deployed, running web service.

Using jdb to Debug the Application
Popular Java IDEs also have very convenient debugging facilities. But sometimes you don't have an IDE readily available, especially if you need to debug a production server which is not usually directly accessible from the development environment.

In this case, a simple but powerful console utility can save the day.

Attaching the jdb
Let's attach the standard Java debugging utility jdb to the running process of the server:

$ jdb -attach localhost:8000 -sourcepath ~/dev/remote/src/main/java/
Set uncaught java.lang.Throwable
Set deferred uncaught java.lang.Throwable
Initializing jdb ...
>

The utility is attached and ready to receive your commands.

The sourcepath argument allows you to provide the colon-separated list of paths to look for the sources. You can provide not only the sources of your application but also the sources of the libraries you use, to be able to easily follow their source code during the debugging session.

In this example, you run the application locally. But since you're using sockets as the transport for the debugging, instead of localhost, you could specify any other host, and nothing particular would change.

Adding Breakpoints
Now let's put a breakpoint at the start of your HelloController.hello() method:

> stop in com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello (java.lang.String)
Set breakpoint com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello (java.lang.String)

Note that you have to specify both the fully qualified name of the class and fully qualified names of the arguments of the method.

You could also see the following error instead of the successful "set breakpoint" message:

> stop in some.non.existing.Class.method()
Deferring breakpoint some.non.existing.Class.method().
It will be set after the class is loaded.

Basically what jdb says here is that it does not know anything about the provided class, because some of the application classes may be lazily loaded later on demand. But in most cases, this probably means that you've misspelled the name of the class.

If you've successfully set the breakpoint, then you can go to the browser and hit the service once again:

http://localhost:8080/remote-debugging/hello?name=John

The page load will stall. Switch to the jdb console, and you'll see something like:

Breakpoint hit: "thread=http-nio-8080-exec-10", \
com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello(), line=12 bci=0
12 String message = "Hello, " + name;
http-nio-8080-exec-10[1]

First of all, you see that the breakpoint occurred in the http-nio-8080-exec-10 thread. This is one of the threads from the pool used by Tomcat to handle the incoming HTTP requests on the 8080 port. You also see that there's probably at least 10 of these threads.

Then you can see the name of the class, the method name and the line number where the debugger has stopped the program.

The bci, or the bytecode index, specifies the number of the bytecode instruction you're currently at. This may be important because every line of code in the Java source usually corresponds to multiple bytecode instructions.

Finally, thanks to the attached sources, you can see the contents of the source code line on which the break occurred.

Exploring the Code
To check out the code around the current line, you can make use of the list command:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] list
8 public class HelloController {
9
10 @GetMapping
11 public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
12 => String message = "Hello, " + name;
13 return message;
14 }
15
16 }

Now you can see the code of the controller and the exact place you're at, denoted by the arrow.

To check out all methods in a class, you can use the corresponding command. Note that <init>() represents the constructor, for which you can also set the breakpoint:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] methods com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController
** methods list **
com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController <init>()
com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController hello(java.lang.String)
java.lang.Object registerNatives()
java.lang.Object <init>()
...

The classes command lets you explore the available loaded classes, but the number of them in a Spring-based web application would be pretty large and not very easy to navigate.

Exploring the Data at Breakpoint
Let's check out what is accessible to us at this point. You can easily see all local variables and method arguments in the current scope with the locals command:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] locals
Method arguments:
name = "john"
Local variables:

You're in the hello() method, so the name argument is in the scope. Let's see what's inside:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] print name
name = "John"

The print command is pretty useful, as it is the evaluation tool that has been around long before the jshell utility appeared in Java 9. The print command can be used to output anything that is accessible in the current scope.

The print can also evaluate some Java expressions; for instance:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] print name.length()
name.length() = 4

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] print 1 + 2 + java.lang.Math.sqrt(3)
1 + 2 + java.lang.Math.sqrt(3) = 4.732050807568877

The where command shows the current stack trace and allows you to see where you're at:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] where
[1] com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello (HelloController.java:12)
[2] jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (native method)
[3] jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke \
(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
[4] jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke \
(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
...

Navigating the Code
Currently, you're at line 12 in the original file, which is the following:

String message = "Hello, " + name;

To step to the next instruction, you can use the step command:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] step
>
Step completed: "thread=http-nio-8080-exec-13", \
com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello(), line=13 bci=20
13 return message;

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1]

Now the message variable is defined, and you can inspect it:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] print message
message = "Hello, John"

You can also use the step up command to run the code to the end of the current method, exit it and stop at the next line of the calling method:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] step up
>
Step completed: "thread=http-nio-8080-exec-1", \
jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(), line=62 bci=103

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1]

Modifying the Data
Now let's change the message variable with the set command:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] set message = "Goodbye, John"
message = "Goodbye, John" = "Goodbye, John"
http-nio-8080-exec-10[1]

To continue execution, use the cont or the run command:

http-nio-8080-exec-10[1] cont


After that, the page in the browser will be loaded successfully, but the message will be different.

Clearing the Breakpoints
Let's remove the breakpoint. To see the list of available breakpoints, let's enter the clear command:

> clear
Breakpoints set:
breakpoint com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello (java.lang.String)

Now call it to clear the breakpoint:

> clear com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello (java.lang.String)
Removed: breakpoint com.stackify.debug.rest.HelloController.hello (java.lang.String)

Remote Debugging Using the IDE
The jdb utility is definitely very powerful, but if you have the option, debugging in your favorite IDE is clearly easier.

The debug configuration is pretty easy to set up in any Java IDE. Here's how it's done in IntelliJ IDEA.

First, choose Run -> Edit Configurations... in the main menu or select the run configurations drop-down in the top panel:

Click on the "+" button in the top-left corner of the configuration window and select the Remote configuration template:

The default configuration is mostly good, you just have to provide a meaningful name and change the port to 8000, as in the example:

Now start the created debug configuration and put a breakpoint on a line of code. You should see a tick inside the red bubble, which means that the debugger is attached and ready to intercept:

Now open the page in the web browser, and the debugger should stop at the breakpoint. You'll immediately see the stack trace and the values in scope:

Conclusion
In this article, you've discovered how to configure a Java server for remote debugging, and how to use a simple console tool to debug your application.

The source code for the article is available over on GitHub.

The post A Practical Guide to Java Remote Debugging appeared first on Stackify.

CloudExpo | DXWorldEXPO have announced the conference tracks for Cloud Expo 2018, introducing DXWorldEXPO.

DXWordEXPO, colocated with Cloud Expo will be held June 5-7, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York City, and November 6-8, 2018, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, Santa Clara, CA.

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A total of 88% of Fortune 500 companies from a generation ago are now out of business. Only 12% still survive. Similar percentages are found throughout enterprises of all sizes.

Cloud Expo | DXWorldEXPO 2018 New York
(June 5-7, 2018, Javits Center, Manhattan)

Cloud Expo | DXWorldEXPO 2018 Silicon Valley
(November 6-8, 2018, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA)

Full Conference Registration "Gold Pass" and Exhibit Hall ▸ Here (Register ▸ Here via EventBrite)

DX World EXPO, LLC., a Lighthouse Point, Florida-based startup trade show producer and the creator of DXWorldEXPO® - Digital Transformation Conference & Expo has announced its conference agenda, with three major themes:

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* Society - The Big Issues

"DX encompasses the continuing technology revolution, and is addressing society's most important issues throughout the entire $78 trillion 21st-century global economy," said Roger Strukhoff, Conference Chair. "DXWorldExpo has organized these issues along 10 tracks with more than 500 of the world's top speakers coming to Istanbul to help change the world."

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DX World Expo's Global Themes and Tracks are as follows:

Technology - The Revolution Continues

DX Tech: Data-Driven Global 2000
DX Tech: The Blockchain Challenge
DX Tech: AI and Cognitive
DX Tech: The Global Cloud

Economy - The 21st Century Emerges

DX Econ: Software is Rewriting the World
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DX Econ: FinTech and the Token Economy
DX Econ: The Industrial Internet and Industrie 4.0

Society - The Big Issues

DX Society: Environment
DX Society: Education
DX Society: Agriculture
DX Society: Health Care

Call for Papers -speaking opportunities- as well as sponsorship and exhibit opportunities will open on November 1, 2017.

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Cloud Expo | DXWorldEXPO 2018 New York
(June 5-7, 2018, Javits Center, Manhattan)

Cloud Expo | DXWorldEXPO 2018 Silicon Valley
(November 6-8, 2018, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA)

Full Conference Registration "Gold Pass" and Exhibit Hall ▸ Here (Register ▸ Here via EventBrite)

More Management Quotes
"For the past 10 years at Cloud Expo, we've helped drive the migration to modern enterprise IT infrastructures, built upon the foundation of cloud computing. Today's hybrid, multiple cloud IT infrastructures integrate Big Data, analytics, blockchain, the IoT, mobile devices, and the latest in cryptography and enterprise-grade security," said Fuat Kircaali, Chairman and founder of DX World Expo, LLC.

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2018 Conference Agenda and Tracks, June 5-7, Javits Center

Track 1 | Cloud Expo - Enterprise Cloud
Track 2 | DXWorld Expo - Digital Transformation (DX)
Track 3 | The API Enterprise | Mobility & Security
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Track 6 | Big Data | Analytics
Track 7 | IoT | IIoT | Smart Cities
Track 8 | Hot Topics | FinTech | WebRTC

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21st International Cloud Expo, taking place October 31 - November 2, 2017, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry players in the world.

Download Show Prospectus ▸ Here

Full Conference Registration "Gold Pass" and Exhibit Hall ▸ Here (Register ▸ Here via EventBrite)

Cloud computing is now being embraced by a majority of enterprises of all sizes. Yesterday's debate about public vs. private has transformed into the reality of hybrid cloud: a recent survey shows that 74% of enterprises have a hybrid cloud strategy. Meanwhile, 94% of enterprises are using some form of XaaS - software, platform, and infrastructure as a service.

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2018 Conference Agenda and Tracks, June 5-7, Javits Center

Track 1 | Cloud Expo - Enterprise Cloud
Track 2 | DXWorld Expo - Digital Transformation (DX)
Track 3 | The API Enterprise | Mobility & Security
Track 4 | DevOps | Containers & Microservices
Track 5 | Cognitive Computing | AI, ML, DL
Track 6 | Big Data | Analytics
Track 7 | IoT | IIoT | Smart Cities
Track 8 | Hot Topics | FinTech | WebRTC

Cloud Expo | DXWorldEXPO 2018 New York
(June 5-7, 2018, Javits Center, Manhattan)

Cloud Expo | DXWorldEXPO 2018 Silicon Valley
(November 6-8, 2018, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA)

Full Conference Registration "Gold Pass" and Exhibit Hall ▸ Here (Register ▸ Here via EventBrite)

Download Show Prospectus ▸ Here

Every Global 2000 enterprise in the world is now integrating cloud computing in some form into its IT development and operations. Midsize and small businesses are also migrating to the cloud in increasing numbers.

Companies are each developing their unique mix of cloud technologies and services, forming multi-cloud and hybrid cloud architectures and deployments across all major industries. Cloud-driven thinking has become the norm in financial services, manufacturing, telco, healthcare, transportation, energy, media, entertainment, retail and other consumer industries, and the public sector.

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For more information on sponsorship, exhibit, and keynote opportunities, contact Carmen Gonzalez by email at events (at) sys-con.com, or by phone 201 802-3021.

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@CloudExpo | @ThingsExpo 2017 Silicon Valley
(Oct. 31 - Nov. 2, 2017, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA)

@CloudExpo | @ThingsExpo 2018 New York
(June 12-14, 2018, Javits Center, Manhattan)

Full Conference Registration "Gold Pass" and Exhibit Hall ▸ Here (Register ▸ Here via EventBrite)

Sponsorship Opportunities

Sponsors of Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo will benefit from unmatched branding, profile building and lead generation opportunities through:

• Featured on-site presentation and ongoing on-demand webcast exposure to a captive audience of industry decision-makers
• Showcase exhibition during our new extended dedicated expo hours
• Breakout Session Priority scheduling for Sponsors that have been guaranteed a 35 minute technical session
• Online targeted advertising in SYS-CON's i-Technology Publications
• Capitalize on our Comprehensive Marketing efforts leading up to the show with print mailings, e-newsletters and extensive online media coverage
• Unprecedented Marketing Coverage: Editorial Coverage on ITweetup to over 100,000 plus followers, press releases sent on major wire services to over 500 industry analysts

For more information on sponsorship, exhibit, and keynote opportunities, contact Carmen Gonzalez (@GonzalezCarmen) today by email at events (at) sys-con.com, or by phone 201 802-3021.

Secrets of Sponsors and Exhibitors ▸ Here
Secrets of Cloud Expo Speakers ▸ Here

All major researchers estimate there will be tens of billions devices - computers, smartphones, tablets, and sensors - connected to the Internet by 2020. This number will continue to grow at a rapid pace for the next several decades.

With major technology companies and startups seriously embracing Cloud strategies, now is the perfect time to attend @CloudExpo | @ThingsExpo, October 31 - November 2, 2017, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, CA, and June 12-4, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, and learn what is going on, contribute to the discussions, and ensure that your enterprise is on the right path to Digital Transformation.

Delegates to Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo will be able to attend 8 simultaneous, information-packed education tracks.

There are over 120 breakout sessions in all, with Keynotes, General Sessions, and Power Panels adding to three days of incredibly rich presentations and content.

Join Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo conference chair Roger Strukhoff (@IoT2040), October 31 - November 2, 2017, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA, and June 12-14, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, for three days of intense Enterprise Cloud and 'Digital Transformation' discussion and focus, including Big Data's indispensable role in IoT, Smart Grids and (IIoT) Industrial Internet of Things, Wearables and Consumer IoT, as well as (new) Digital Transformation in Vertical Markets.

Full Conference Registration "Gold Pass" and Exhibit Hall ▸ Here (Register ▸ Here via EventBrite)

Financial Technology - or FinTech - Is Now Part of the @CloudExpo Program!

Accordingly, attendees at the upcoming 21st Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo October 31 - November 2, 2017, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA, and June 12-14, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, will find fresh new content in a new track called FinTech, which will incorporate machine learning, artificial intelligence, deep learning, and blockchain into one track.

Financial enterprises in New York City, London, Singapore, and other world financial capitals are embracing a new generation of smart, automated FinTech that eliminates many cumbersome, slow, and expensive intermediate processes from their businesses.

FinTech brings efficiency as well as the ability to deliver new services and a much improved customer experience throughout the global financial services industry. FinTech is a natural fit with cloud computing, as new services are quickly developed, deployed, and scaled on public, private, and hybrid clouds.

More than US$20 billion in venture capital is being invested in FinTech this year. @CloudExpo is pleased to bring you the latest FinTech developments as an integral part of our program, starting at the 21st International Cloud Expo October 31 - November 2, 2017 in Silicon Valley, and June 12-14, 2018, in New York City.

@CloudExpo is accepting submissions for this new track, so please visit www.CloudComputingExpo.com for the latest information.

Speaking Opportunities

The upcoming 21st International @CloudExpo | @ThingsExpo, October 31 - November 2, 2017, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA, and June 12-14, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY announces that its Call For Papers for speaking opportunities is open.

Submit your speaking proposal today! ▸ Here

About @CloudEXPO and @DXWorldEXPO
SYS-CON Media (www.sys-con.com) has since 1994 been connecting technology companies and customers through a comprehensive content stream - featuring over forty focused subject areas, from Cloud Computing to Web Security - interwoven with market-leading full-scale conferences. The company's internationally recognized brands include among others Cloud Expo® (@CloudExpo), Big Data Expo® (@BigDataExpo), DevOps Summit (@DevOpsSummit), @ThingsExpo® (@ThingsExpo), and DXWorldEXPO® (@ExpoDX).

@CloudExpo® and @ThingsExpo® are registered trademarks of CLOUD EXPO INC.

DXWorldEXPO® is a registered trademark of DX WORLD EXPO LLC.